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Edaphosaurids
Edaphosauridae is a family of mostly large (up to or more) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian synapsids. Edaphosaur fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe. Characteristics They were the earliest known herbivorous amniotes and, along with the Diadectidae, the earliest known herbivorous tetrapods. The head is small in relation to the bulky body, and there is a tall sail along the back, which may have functioned as a thermoregulatory device. Classification The interrelationships of Edaphosauridae was investigated in details by David M. Mazierski and Robert R. Reisz (2010). The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... below is modified after their phylogenetic analysis. Below is a cladogram modified from the analysis of Benson (2012): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Carboniferous
Late or LATE may refer to: Everyday usage * Tardy, or late, not being on time * Late (or the late) may refer to a person who is dead Music * Late (The 77s album), ''Late'' (The 77s album), 2000 * Late (Alvin Batiste album), 1993 * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his ''Pocketwatch (album), Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other uses * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * Late (The Handmaid's Tale), "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Laivateollisuus, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia * Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law * Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics * Late, a synonym for ''cooler'' in Stellar classification#"Early" and "late" nomencla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tseajaia Campi
''Tseajaia'' is an extinct genus of diadectomorph tetrapod from the Early Permian of western North America. The skeleton is that of a medium-sized, rather advanced reptile-like animal. In life it was about long and may have looked vaguely like an iguana. The dentition was somewhat blunt, indicating herbivory or possibly omnivory. It contains a single known species, ''Tseajaia campi''. Discovery The holotype of ''Tseajaia'' is a nearly complete skeleton, specimen UCMP V4225 / 59012, which is from the lowermost Organ Rock Shale or uppermost Cedar Mesa Sandstone. It was discovered by a field party led by Charles L. Camp working in San Juan County, Utah in June, 1942. The field work and the resulting discovery of ''Tseajaia'' was recorded in a 1942 article in '' Desert Magazine''. A second specimen, UCMP V4216 / 63841, is a sequence of vertebrae from the same locality, also discovered by Camp's team. Two additional nearly complete skeletons, CM 38033 and CM 38042, were later d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus Cruciger
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of its teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. The American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupeosaurus Kayi
''Lupeosaurus'' is an extinct genus of pelycosaurian synapsids, assigned to the family Edaphosauridae. ''Lupeosaurus'' was about long and weighed around . See also * List of pelycosaurs This list of pelycosaurs is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera that have ever been included in the synapsida excluding therapsida and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also g ... References Edaphosauridae Prehistoric synapsid genera Cisuralian synapsids of North America Taxa named by Alfred Romer Fossil taxa described in 1937 Cisuralian genus first appearances Cisuralian genus extinctions {{paleo-Synapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glaucosaurus Megalops
''Glaucosaurus'' is an extinct genus of edaphosaurid synapsid from the Early Permian of Texas. The type species, ''G. megalops'', was named in 1915.S. W. Williston. 1915. New genera of Permian reptiles. ''The American Journal of Science'', series 4 39(233):575-579 Classification ''Glaucosaurus'' is known only from its holotype, a partial skull and jaw. Almost all of the sutures have been obliterated. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that ''Glaucosaurus'' is not only an edaphosaurid, but a close relative of '' Edaphosaurus'' itself. All of the known sphenacodonts are carnivores except for certain therapsids. ''Glaucosaurus'' is plainly not a therapsid, e.g. because the lacrimal reaches the naris, the septomaxilla In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxil ... is la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ianthasaurus Hardestiorum
''Ianthasaurus'' is an extinct genus of small edaphosaurids from the Late Carboniferous. Description It is one of the smallest edaphosaurids known, with an skull and a total body length of . ''Ianthasaurus'' lacks many of the spectacular specializations seen in ''Edaphosaurus''. For example, the marginal dentition of ''Ianthasaurus'' is similar to that of insectivorous reptiles, with slender conical teeth which are slightly recurved at the tips, and there is a slight development of a caniniform region. The palatal and mandibular dentition is unspecialized, and there are no batteries of teeth for crushing of plant materials. Also unlike ''Edaphosaurus'', ''Ianthasaurus'' was lightly built and was probably quite agile. The skull was similar to that of '' Haptodus'', a sphenacodontid, though they were distantly related. Discovery It was named by Robert R. Reisz and David Berman in 1986. It was discovered by them in the Upper Pennsylvanian Rock Lake Shale near Garnett, Kansas. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation. The internal thermoregulation process is one aspect of homeostasis: a state of dynamic stability in an organism's internal conditions, maintained far from thermal equilibrium with its environment (the study of such processes in zoology has been called physiological ecology). If the body is unable to maintain a normal human body temperature, normal temperature and it increases significantly above normal, a condition known as hyperthermia occurs. Humans may also experience lethal hyperthermia when the wet bulb temperature is sustained above for six hours. Work in 2022 established by experiment that a wet-bulb temperature exceeding 30.55°C caused uncompensab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
