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EOKA
The Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA ; ) was a Greek Cypriot nationalist guerrilla organization that fought a campaign for the end of Cyprus#Cyprus under the British Empire, British rule in Cyprus, and for enosis, eventual union with Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece. Background Cyprus, an island in the Eastern Mediterranean inhabited mostly by Greek Cypriots, Greeks, was conquered by the Ottoman Empire from 1571 and remained under its control until 4 June 1878, when in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Russo-Turkish War, it was handed to the British empire. By that time, a sizeable Turkish Cypriots, Turkish minority population had also been established in the island. As nationalistic tendencies grew in both major population groups, Greek Cypriots advocated for ''Enosis'' (Union with Greece) which was a part of the Megali idea. The origins of Enosis date back to 1821, the year when the Greek War of Independence commenced, and the archbishop o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyprus Emergency
The Cyprus Emergency was a conflict fought in British Cyprus between April 1955 and March 1959. The National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA), a Greek Cypriot right-wing nationalist guerrilla organisation, began an armed campaign in support of the end of British colonial rule and the unification of Cyprus and Greece (''Enosis'') in 1955. Opposition to ''Enosis'' from Turkish Cypriots led to the formation of the Turkish Resistance Organisation (TMT) in support of the partition of Cyprus. The Cyprus Emergency ended in 1959 with the signature of the London-Zürich Agreements, establishing the Republic of Cyprus as an independent state. Background The island of Cyprus can trace its Hellenic roots back to the 12th century BC with the immigration of Mycenaean Greeks to the island. Many civilisations passed through the island leaving remnants behind, including that of the Franks, Venetians, Assyrians etc. Cyprus was a territory of the Ottoman Empire from the late 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EOKA B
EOKA-B or Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B (EOKA B ; ) was a Greek Cypriot paramilitary organisation formed in 1971 by General Georgios Grivas. It followed an ultra right-wing nationalistic ideology and had the ultimate goal of achieving the ''enosis'' (union) of Cyprus with Greece. During its short history, the organisation's chief aim was to block any attempt to enforce upon the Cyprus people what the organisation considered to be an unacceptable settlement to the Cyprus issue. In addition, the organisation drafted various plans to overthrow President Makarios. The organisation continued its activities until it officially declared its dissolution and disbanded on 11 February 1978. Due to its attacks on civilians (Post Grivas), it was considered a criminal organization and was outlawed by the Republic of Cyprus after the death of George Grivas. Among the attacks it is responsible for is the Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre. EOKA-B members were arrested for the k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigoris Afxentiou
Grigoris Pieris Afxentiou (; 22 February 1928 – 3 March 1957) was a Greek-Cypriot insurgent leader who led campaigns against the British colonial government as a member of EOKA. He was second-in-command to general Georgios Grivas and used the pseudonym ''Zidhros'' (Ζήδρος), the name of a famous 18th-century brigand. Biography Afxentiou was born on 22 February 1928 in the village of Lysi,Grivas Memoirs (1964), p. 30 the son of Antonia and Pieris Afxentiou. He had a younger sister named Chrystala. He attended Lysi Primary School and received his secondary education at the Hellenic Gymnasium in Famagusta. Reports by those who knew him were that he was a keen sportsman and passionate about football. He supported the football team Anorthosis. Afxentiou left for Greece, where he was unsuccessful in gaining a place at the Hellenic Military Academy in Athens. In December 1949, he joined the Hellenic Army as a volunteer. From March to October 1950, he attended the Infantry Reserv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Resistance Organisation
The Turkish Resistance Organisation (, TMT) was a Turkish Cypriot pro- taksim paramilitary resistance organisation formed by Rauf Denktaş and TAF officer Rıza Vuruşkan in 1958 as an guerilla organisation to counter the Greek Cypriot fighters organization EOKA A. The name of the organization was changed twice. In 1967 to (Mujahideen), and became the Security Forces Command in 1976. Formation The Greek Cypriot paramilitary organization, EOKA started its anti-British activities for Enosis, the union of the island with Greece. This caused a " Cretan syndrome" within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as was the case with Cretan Turks; as such, they preferred the continuation of the British rule and later, taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, the EOKA leader Georgios Grivas declared them an enemy. The first underground organization formed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyprus
Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of islands in the Mediterranean, third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located southeast of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, and north of Egypt. Its capital and largest city is Nicosia. Cyprus hosts the British Overseas Territories, British military bases Akrotiri and Dhekelia, whilst the northeast portion of the island is ''de facto'' governed by the self-declared Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is separated from the Republic of Cyprus by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus, United Nations Buffer Zone. Cyprus was first settled by hunter-gatherers around 13,000 years ago, with farming communities em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Party Of Working People
The Progressive Party of Working People (, , ΑΚΕΛ or AKEL; ) is a Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–LeninistHelena Smith, Cyprus gets ready for a communist 'takeover''The Guardian 2008 communist party in Cyprus. AKEL is one of the two major parties in Cyprus, and it supports a federation, federal solution of the internal aspect of the Cyprus problem and it places particular emphasis on rapprochement with the Turkish Cypriots. It supported entry into the European Union with certain reservations. Initially supportive of the Annan Plan in 2004, the AKEL ultimately opposed the plan because the UN Security Council did not provide guarantees on post-reunification security. As a strong supporter of welfare benefits and nationalization, AKEL successfully put into practice several social measures to support the economic welfare of Cypriots during the Great Recession, such as increasing low pensions by 30% and strengthening the welfare benefits given to university students to €12 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Cypriots
Turkish Cypriots or Cypriot Turks ( or ; ) are so called ethnic Turks originating from Cyprus. Turkish Cypriots are mainly Sunni Muslims. Following the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, about 30,000 Turkish settlers were given land once they arrived in Cyprus.. Additionally, many of the island's local Christians forcefully converted to Islam during the early years of Ottoman rule.. Nonetheless, the influx of mainly Muslim settlers to Cyprus continued intermittently until the end of the Ottoman period.. Today, while Northern Cyprus is home to a significant part of the so called Turkish Cypriot population, the majority of Turkish Cypriots live abroad, forming the Turkish Cypriot diaspora. This diaspora came into existence after the Ottoman Empire transferred the control of the island to the British Empire, as many Turkish Cypriots emigrated primarily to Turkey and the United Kingdom for political and economic reasons. Standard Turkish is the official language of Norther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enosis
''Enosis'' (, , "union") is an irredentist ideology held by various Greek communities living outside Greece that calls for them and the regions that they inhabit to be incorporated into the Greek state. The idea is related to the Megali Idea, a concept of a Greek state that dominated Greek politics following the creation of modern Greece in 1830. The Megali Idea called for the establishment of a larger Greek state including the lands outside Greece that remained under foreign rule following the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, but which nevertheless still had large Greek populations. The most widely known example of ''enosis'' is the movement within Greek Cypriots for a union of Cyprus with Greece. The idea of ''enosis'' in British-ruled Cyprus became associated with the campaign for Cypriot self-determination, especially among the island's Greek Cypriot majority. However, many Turkish Cypriots opposed ''enosis'' without '' taksim'', the partitioning of the island bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Gang (organisation)
The Black Gang ( Turkish: ''Kara Çete'') was a Turkish Cypriot pro- taksim paramilitary organisation formed in 1957 with the support and funding of Fazıl Küçük and some other predominant Turkish Cypriots as an organisation to counter the Greek Cypriot Fighter's Organization (EOKA). History The organisation was originally formed by a couple of youngsters to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. It later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support. In April 1957, 4 members of the organisation arsoned a garage which was allegedly owned by spies of EOKA in the Tahtakale district to gain fame among the public. One member of organisation was detained by the British police related to the incident and was released after 105 days. In 1958, the organisation abolished itself and joined the Turkish Resistance Organisation The Turkish Resistance Organisation (, TMT) was a Turkish Cypriot pro- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enosis
''Enosis'' (, , "union") is an irredentist ideology held by various Greek communities living outside Greece that calls for them and the regions that they inhabit to be incorporated into the Greek state. The idea is related to the Megali Idea, a concept of a Greek state that dominated Greek politics following the creation of modern Greece in 1830. The Megali Idea called for the establishment of a larger Greek state including the lands outside Greece that remained under foreign rule following the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s, but which nevertheless still had large Greek populations. The most widely known example of ''enosis'' is the movement within Greek Cypriots for a union of Cyprus with Greece. The idea of ''enosis'' in British-ruled Cyprus became associated with the campaign for Cypriot self-determination, especially among the island's Greek Cypriot majority. However, many Turkish Cypriots opposed ''enosis'' without '' taksim'', the partitioning of the island bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9 September Front
The 9 September Front ( Turkish: ''9 Eylül Cephesi'') was a secret Turkish Cypriot pro- taksim paramilitary organisation formed to counter the Greek Cypriot Fighter's Organization EOKA and Enosis. History The organisation was formed to counter the activities of EOKA in 1955 by mostly untrained volunteers. Organisation failed to grow up to a national scale and be effective in all of Cyprus. In 1958, leaders of the organisation decided that they aren't enough to achieve their goals separately from other Turkish Cypriot organisations, and abolished itself to merge with Turkish Resistance Organisation The Turkish Resistance Organisation (, TMT) was a Turkish Cypriot pro- taksim paramilitary resistance organisation formed by Rauf Denktaş and TAF officer Rıza Vuruşkan in 1958 as an guerilla organisation to counter the Greek Cypriot figh .... References Cyprus dispute Paramilitary organisations based in Cyprus Cyprus Emergency Organisations based in Northern Cyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Cyprus
British Cyprus (Modern Greek, Greek: Βρετανική Κύπρος; Turkish language, Turkish: ''Britanya Kıbrısı'') was the island of Cyprus under the dominion of the British Empire, administered sequentially from 1878 to 1914 as a British protectorate, from 1914 to 1925 as a unilaterally annexed military occupation, and from 1925 to 1960 as a Crown colony. Following the London and Zürich Agreements of 19 February 1959, Cyprus became an Cyprus, independent republic on 16 August 1960. History Formation Ottoman Cyprus, Cyprus was a territory of the Ottoman Empire, lastly as part of the Vilayet of the Archipelago, since it was Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573), conquered from the Venetian Cyprus, Republic of Venice in 1570–71. A British protectorate under nominal Ottoman suzerainty was established over Cyprus by the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878, following the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Russo-Turkish War, in exchange for British support of the Ottomans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
