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Copyright Protection For Fictional Characters
Copyright protection is available to fixed expressions of fictional characters in literary, musical, dramatic and artistic works. Recognition of fictional characters as works eligible for copyright protection has come about in some countries with the understanding that characters can be separated from the original works they were embodied in and acquire a new life by featuring in subsequent works. United States In the United States, in order to avail of copyright protection, a work must be original; that is, it must involve an element of creativity, and must be fixed in a tangible medium. Further, there can be no copyright in mere ideas and facts, but only in the unique expression of the same. The '' Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices'' defines a character as "a person, animal, or even an inanimate object that is used to portray the content of a dramatic work." The name and general idea for a character cannot be copyrighted, but copyright may protect "the aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States and fair dealings doctrine in the United Kingdom. Some jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights normally include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. Copyrights can be granted by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scènes à Faire
A ''scène à faire'' ( French for "scene to be made" or "scene that must be done"; plural: ''scènes à faire''; both pronounced ) is a scene in a work of fiction which is almost obligatory for a work in that genre. In the United States, it also refers to a principle in copyright law in which certain elements of a creative work are held to be not protected when they are mandated by or customary to the genre, a principle which has been expanded to cover other fields such as software development. Examples in different genres For example, a spy novel is expected to contain elements such as numbered Swiss bank accounts, a deadly woman, and various spy gadgets hidden in wristwatches, belts, shoes, and other personal effects. The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit interpreted the ''scènes à faire'' doctrine expansively to hold that a motion picture about police work in the South Bronx would need to feature stereotypical elements such as drunks, prostitut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mickey Mouse
Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime icon and mascot of the Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large shoes, and white gloves. He is often depicted with a Mickey Mouse universe, cast of characters including his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto (Disney), Pluto, his best friends Donald Duck and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete (Disney), Pete. Mickey was created as a replacement for a prior Disney character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. The character was originally to be named "Mortimer Mouse", until Disney's wife, Lillian Disney, Lillian, suggested "Mickey". Mickey first appeared in two 1928 shorts ''Plane Crazy'' and ''The Gallopin' Gaucho'' (which were not picked up for distribution) before his public debut in ''Steamboat Willie'' (1928). The character went on to appear in over 130 films, mostly shorts as well as features such as ''Fantasia (1940 film) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal City Studios, Inc
Universal is the adjective for universe. Universal may also refer to: Companies * NBCUniversal, a media and entertainment company that is a subsidiary of Comcast ** Universal Animation Studios, an American Animation studio, and a subsidiary of NBCUniversal ** Universal TV, a television channel owned by NBCUniversal ** Universal Kids, an American current television channel, formerly known as Sprout, owned by NBCUniversal ** Universal Pictures, an American film studio, and a subsidiary of NBCUniversal ** Universal Television, a television division owned by NBCUniversal Content Studios ** Universal Destinations & Experiences, the theme park unit of NBCUniversal * Universal Airlines (other) * Universal Avionics, a manufacturer of flight control components * Universal Corporation, an American tobacco company * Universal Display Corporation, a manufacturer of displays * Universal Edition, a classical music publishing firm, founded in Vienna in 1901 * Universal Entertainment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substantial Similarity
Substantial similarity, in US copyright law, is the standard used to determine whether a defendant has infringed the reproduction right of a copyright. The standard arises out of the recognition that the exclusive right to make copies of a work would be meaningless if copyright infringement were limited to making only exact and complete reproductions of a work. Many courts also use "substantial similarity" in place of "probative" or "striking similarity" to describe the level of similarity necessary to prove that copying has occurred. A number of tests have been devised by courts to determine substantial similarity. They may rely on expert or lay observation or both and may subjectively judge the feel of a work or critically analyze its elements. Substantial similarity in copyright infringement To win a claim of copyright infringement in civil or criminal court, a plaintiff must show he or she owns a valid copyright, the defendant actually copied the work, and the level of copyin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Infringement
Copyright infringement (at times referred to as piracy) is the use of Copyright#Scope, works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to produce derivative works. The copyright holder is usually the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in Civil law (common law), civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, or the fraudulent imitation of a product or brand, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Bond (literary Character)
Commander (Royal Navy), Commander James Bond is a character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. He is the protagonist of the ''James Bond'' series of List of James Bond novels and stories, novels, James Bond in film, films, James Bond (comics), comics and James Bond in video games, video games. Fleming wrote twelve Bond novels and two short story collections. His final two books—''The Man with the Golden Gun (novel), The Man with the Golden Gun'' (1965) and ''Octopussy and The Living Daylights'' (1966)—were published posthumously. The character is a Secret Intelligence Service, Secret Service officer, code number 00 Agent, 007 (pronounced "double-O[]-seven"), residing in London but active internationally. Bond was a composite character who was based on a number of British Commandos, commandos whom Fleming knew during his service in the Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom), Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sylvester Stallone
Sylvester Gardenzio "Sly" Stallone (; born July 6, 1946) is an American actor and filmmaker. In a Sylvester Stallone filmography, film career spanning more than fifty years, Stallone has received List of awards and nominations received by Sylvester Stallone, numerous accolades, including a Golden Globe Awards, Golden Globe Award and a Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Critics' Choice Award, as well as nominations for three Academy Awards and two British Academy Film Awards, BAFTA Awards. Stallone is one of only two actors in history (alongside Harrison Ford) to have starred in a box-office No.1 film across six consecutive decades. Films in which he has appeared in have grossed over $7.5 billion worldwide. Struggling as an actor for a number of years upon moving to New York City in 1969, Stallone found gradual work in films such as ''The Lords of Flatbush'' (1974). He achieved his greatest critical and commercial success starting in 1976 with his iconic role as boxer Rocky Balboa i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocky Balboa
Robert "Rocky" Balboa (also known by his ring name the Italian Stallion) is a fictional character and the titular protagonist of the ''Rocky'' franchise. The character was created by Sylvester Stallone, who has also portrayed him in eight of the nine films in the franchise. He is depicted as a working class or poor Italian-American from the slums of Philadelphia who started out as a club fighter and "enforcer" for a local Philly Mafia loan shark. He is portrayed as overcoming the obstacles that had occurred in his life and in his career as a professional boxer. While the story of his first film was partly inspired by a 1975 fight between underdog Chuck Wepner and heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali (which nearly went the 15 round distance despite the odds), the inspiration for the name, iconography and fighting style came from boxing legend Rocco Francis "Rocky Marciano" Marchegiano, though his surname coincidentally also resembles that of Middleweight Boxing Champion Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anderson V
Anderson may refer to: Companies * Anderson Electric, an early 20th-century electric car * Anderson Greenwood, an industrial manufacturer * Anderson Racing Karts, a manufacturer of Superkart racing chassis * O.P. Anderson, a brand of aquavit vodka People and fictional characters * Anderson (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters * Anderson (given name) * Clan Anderson, a Scottish clan * Anderson (footballer, born 1972) * Anderson (footballer, born 1978) * Anderson (footballer, born 1980) * Anderson (footballer, born 1981) (Andrade Santos Silva), defender * Anderson (footballer, born 1982) * Anderson (footballer, born March 1983) * Anderson (footballer, born April 1983) * Anderson (footballer, born November 1983) * Anderson (footballer, born 1985) * Anderson (footballer, born 1988) (Anderson Luís de Abreu Oliveira), midfielder * Anderson (footballer, born 1992) * Anderson (footballer, born 1995) (Anderson de Jesus Santos), defender * Anderson (f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Maltese Falcon (novel)
''The Maltese Falcon'' is a 1930 detective novel by American writer Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine ''Black Mask (magazine), Black Mask'' beginning with the September 1929 issue. The story is told entirely in external third-person narrative; there is no description whatsoever of any character's thoughts or feelings, only what they say and do, and how they look. The novel has been adapted several times for the cinema. It is considered part of the hardboiled genre, which Hammett played a major part in popularizing. The main character, Sam Spade (who also appeared later in some lesser-known short stories), was a departure from Hammett's nameless detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of previous detectives, notably his cold detachment, keen eye for detail, unflinching and sometimes ruthless determination to achieve his own form of justice, and a complete lack of sentimentality. In 1990 the novel ranked 10th in Top 100 Crime Novels of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sam Spade
Sam Spade is a fictional character and the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's 1930 novel '' The Maltese Falcon''. Spade also appeared in four lesser-known short stories by Hammett. ''The Maltese Falcon'', first published as a serial in the pulp magazine '' Black Mask'', is the only full-length novel by Hammett in which Spade appears. The character, however, is widely cited as a crystallizing figure in the development of hard-boiled private detective fiction— Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, for instance, was strongly influenced by Spade. Spade was a departure from Hammett's nameless and less-than-glamorous detective, The Continental Op. Spade combined several features of previous detectives, most notably his detached demeanor, keen eye for detail, and unflinching determination to achieve his own justice. Portrayals Spade was a new character created specifically by Hammett for ''The Maltese Falcon''; he had not appeared in any of Hammett's previous stories. Hammett says ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
