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Copper Extraction Techniques
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper. Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted. History Prehistory The Old Copper Complex in North America has been radiomet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chino Copper Mine
Chino or El Chino may refer to: Art, entertainment, and media * ''Chino'' (1973 film), an Italian film starring Charles Bronson * ''Chino'' (1991 film), a Nepali film Places * Chino, California, a city in San Bernardino County, California, US * Chino, Nagano, a city in Nagano prefecture, Japan * Chino Hills, a mountain range on the border of Orange, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino counties, California * Chino Hills, California, a city in San Bernardino County, California, US * Chino Valley, Arizona, a town in Yavapai County, Arizona, US People Ultimately derived from the word ''China'', Chino is sometimes used in Spanish to denote a person of mixed racial identity or foreign appearance, either as a label or nickname. People nicknamed "Chino" * Chino Cadahia (born 1957), Cuban baseball coach * Chino Herrera (1903–1983), Mexican actor and comedian * Chino Moreno (born 1973), American musician * Chino Pozo (1915–1980), Cuban drummer * David Rheem, US poker playe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rudna Glava (archaeological Site)
Rudna Glava () is a mining site in present-day eastern Serbia, a village and an archeological site. The site, located northwest of the present-day village, on the left bank of the Šaška, demonstrates one of the earliest evidences of European copper mining and metallurgy, dating to the 5th millennium BC. Shafts were cut into the hillside, with scaffolding constructed for easy access to the veins of ore. It belongs to the Vinča culture, as is shown by pottery-finds. In 1983, Rudna Glava was added to the Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance (Serbia), Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance list, protected by Republic of Serbia. See also * Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance (Serbia), Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance Sources and external links * Borislav Jovanović, Rudna Glava, najstarije rudarstvo bakra na centralnom Balkanu. Bor, Muzej rudarstva i metallurgije/Beograd, Arheološki institut 1982. *J. P. Mallory and Martin E. Huld, "Metal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Conquistador
Conquistadors (, ) or conquistadores (; ; ) were Spanish Empire, Spanish and Portuguese Empire, Portuguese colonizers who explored, traded with and colonized parts of the Americas, Africa, Oceania and Asia during the Age of Discovery. Sailing beyond the Iberian Peninsula, they established numerous Colony, colonies and trade routes, and brought much of the "New World" under the dominion of Spain and Portugal. After Christopher Columbus's arrival in the West Indies in 1492, the Spanish, usually led by Hidalgo (nobility), hidalgos from the west and south of Spain, began building a colonial empire in the Caribbean using colonies such as Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Captaincy General of Cuba, Cuba, and Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico as their main bases. From 1519 to 1521, Hernán Cortés led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, ruled by Moctezuma II. From the territories of the Aztec Empire, conquistadors expanded Spanish rule to northern Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals (such as phosphorus) or metalloids (such as arsenic or silicon). These additions produce a range of alloys some of which are harder than copper alone or have other useful properties, such as strength, ductility, or machinability. The archaeological period during which bronze was the hardest metal in widespread use is known as the Bronze Age. The beginning of the Bronze Age in western Eurasia is conventionally dated to the mid-4th millennium BCE (~3500 BCE), and to the early 2nd millennium BCE in China; elsewhere it gradually spread across regions. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which started about 1300 BCE and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BCE, although bronze continued to be much more widely used than it is in modern times. Because historica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Museo Regional De Atacama
Museo Regional de Atacama is a museum in the Chilean city of Copiapó Copiapó () is a List of cities in Chile, city and communes of Chile, commune in northern Chile, located about 65 kilometers east of the coastal List of towns in Chile, town of Caldera, Chile, Caldera. Founded on December 8, 1744, it is the capi ..., the capital of Atacama Region. The museum had 2,117 visitors in 2020. See also * R. P. Gustavo Le Paige Archaeological Museum * Tocopilla Museum References {{Coord, 27, 21, 47.11, S, 70, 20, 23.94, W, type:landmark_region:CL, display=title Museums in Atacama Region Archaeological museums in Chile Mining museums Pre-Columbian art museums Local museums in Chile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Qullasuyu
Qullasuyu ( Quechua and Aymara spelling, ; ''Collasuyu, Kholla Suyu''; ) was the southeastern provincial region of the Inca Empire. Qullasuyu is the region of the Qulla and related specifically to the native Qulla Quechuas who primarily resided in areas such as Cochabamba and Potosí. Most Aymara territories which are now largely incorporated into the modern South American states of northern Chile, Peru, Bolivia and the Argentine northwest were annexed during the reign of Sapa Inca Huayna Cápac in the sixteenth century. Recently, there have been movements to form a "Greater Qullasuyu" (or Qullana Suyu Marka) which would incorporate a territory similar to the former Tawantinsuyu in extent. This ideal has been proposed by the office of the Apu Mallku and the parliament of the Qullana. Qullasuyu was the largest of the four ''suyu'' (or "quarters", the largest divisions of the Inca empire) in terms of area. This ''suyu'' encompassed the Bolivian Altiplano and much of the southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
