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Coopératives D'Épargne Et De Crédit (Burundi)
''Coopératives d'Épargne et de Crédit'' (Savings and Credit Cooperatives), or COOPECs, are microfinance savings and loans cooperatives serving low income people in Burundi. FENACOBU is the umbrella organization for the cooperatives. Background There were systems to mobilize peasant savings in Burundi before 1980, but they were ineffective. In 1981 the Burundian Ministry of Communal Development approached the ''Centre International du Crédit Mutuel'' (CICM) of France to request assistance in establishing and developing a Mutual Credit system in Burundi. The CICM began work in Burundi in 1981 and 1982 to enable the formation of rural savings and loans cooperatives (COOPECs). On 20 March 1984 agreement No. 283/C/DPL/83/BUR was signed between the Government of Burundi, the French Ministry of Cooperation and the CICM. The COOPEC Central Office was established to lead the process of setting up COOPECs. Four financing agreements totalling 20,300,000 French Francs were signed be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kirundi
Kirundi (), also known as Rundi, is a Bantu language and the national language of Burundi. It is mutually intelligible with Kinyarwanda, the national language of Rwanda, and the two form parts of the Rwanda-Rundi dialect continuum spoken in Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Kirundi is natively spoken by the Hutu (including the Bakiga), Tutsi, Twa, and the Hima people; other related ethnicities have also adopted Kirundi as their mother tongue. Neighbouring dialects of Kirundi are mutually intelligible with Ha language, Ha, a language spoken in western Tanzania. Kirundi is one of the languages where Meeussen's rule, a rule describing a certain pattern of tonal change in Bantu languages, is active. In 2020, the Rundi Academy was established to help standardize and promote Kirundi. Phonology Consonants Although the literature on Rundi agrees on 5 vowels, the number of consonants can vary anywhere from 19 to 26 consonants. The table below is compiled from a survey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, it descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. French evolved from Northern Old Gallo-Romance, a descendant of the Latin spoken in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien language, Francien) largely supplanted. It was also substratum (linguistics), influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul and by the Germanic languages, Germanic Frankish language of the post-Roman Franks, Frankish invaders. As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 16th century onward, it was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, and numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole, were established. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burundi
Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa, with a population of over 14 million people. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The political capital city is Gitega and the economic capital city is Bujumbura. The Great Lakes Twa, Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent Kingdom of Burundi, kingdom. In 1885, it became part of the German colony of German East Africa. After the First World War and German Revolution of 1918–19, Germany's defeat, the League of Nations mandated the territories of Burundi and neighboring Rwanda to Belgium in a combined territory called Rwanda-Urundi. After the Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commune Of Gitega
The commune of Gitega is a commune of Gitega Province in central Burundi. The capital lies at Gitega Gitega (), formerly Kitega, is the political capital of Burundi. Located in the centre of the country, in the Burundian central plateau roughly east of Bujumbura, the largest city and former political capital, Gitega is the country's fourth la .... In 2007, DGHER electrified one rural village in the commune. References Gitega Gitega Province Gitega {{Burundi-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gitega Province
Gitega is one of the 18 provinces of Burundi. Its capital is Gitega, which is also the national capital. It has a population of 725,223 as of 2008 and an area of . History After Burundi attained full independence on 1 July 1962, there was a military coup d'état in which the king was overthrown and monarchy disbanded in 1966. When King Ntare V tried to reinstate his kingdom, he was assassinated in 1972 at the Royal Palace of Gitega. On 26 April 1996, army attacks at Buhoro killed some 230 civilians. On 21 October, some 70 Tutsi students were burnt alive at Kibimba. In March 2007, President Pierre Nkurunziza announced that Burundi had plans to transfer the capital from Bujumbura to Gitega. According to him, the central location of the city makes it "an ideal place to better serve the majority of the population". The capital was moved on 24 December 2018. Geography Gitega Province is located in central Burundi. It has an area of and has a population density of 366.5 individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melchior Ndadaye
Melchior Ndadaye (28 March 1953 – 21 October 1993) was a Burundian banker and politician who became the first democratically elected and first Hutu president of Burundi after winning the landmark 1993 Burundian presidential election, 1993 election. Though he attempted to smooth the country's bitter ethnic divide, his reforms antagonised soldiers in the Tutsi-dominated army, and he was assassinated amidst a failed military coup in October 1993, after only three months in office. His assassination sparked an array of brutal tit-for-tat massacres between the Tutsi and Hutu ethnic groups, and ultimately led to the decade-long Burundi Civil War. Early life Melchior Ndadaye was born on 28 March 1953 in the commune of Nyabihanga, Ruanda-Urundi. The son of Pie Ndadaye and Thérèse Bandushubwenge, he was the first of ten children in a Hutu family. He attended primary school in Mbogora and in 1966 enrolled at the normal school in Gitega. Following the 1972 Ikiza, in which the government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gitega
Gitega (), formerly Kitega, is the political capital of Burundi. Located in the centre of the country, in the Burundian central plateau roughly east of Bujumbura, the largest city and former political capital, Gitega is the country's fourth largest city and former royal capital of the Kingdom of Burundi until its abolition in 1966. In December 2018, then Burundian president, the late Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economic capital and centre of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019, with all branches of government expected to move in over three years. Geography Gitega is the capital of Gitega Province, one of the eighteen provinces of Burundi. It is located in the center of the country, at roughly the same distance between the commercial capital, Bujumbura on Lake Tanganyika to the west, the Tanzanian border ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meridien Bank Burundi
The Meridien Bank Burundi, or MBB, was a bank in Burundi, a subsidiary of Meridien BIAO, a network of African banks with headquarters in Zambia. It was launched in 1988 and failed in 1995. History Meridien Bank Burundi (MBB) was launched on 1 August 1988, the Burundi subsidiary of Meridien BIAO. The parent had headquarters in Zambia and subsidiary branches in Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Tanzania and Togo. MBB was a limited liability company with private and public shareholders, and had capital of when it was founded. Meridian Bank of Burundi began operations with 48% of shares owned by local private investors, an unexpectedly large percentage. Public and mixed companies had 27% and the parent had 25%. After six months the public investments were 41.3% of the total. By the end of 1988 the bank had assets of , of which were government securities. Melchior Ndadaye, the future President of Burundi, took a correspond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burundian Civil War
The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of longstanding ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. The conflict began following the first multi-party elections in the country since its independence from Belgium in 1962, and is seen as formally ending with the swearing-in of President Pierre Nkurunziza in August 2005. Children were widely used by both sides in the war. The estimated death toll stands at 300,000. Background Before becoming subject to European colonial rule, Burundi was governed by an ethnic Tutsi monarchy, similar to that of its neighbor Rwanda. German, and subsequently Belgian, colonial rulers found it convenient to govern through the existing power structure, perpetuating the dominance of the Tutsi minority over the ethnic Hutu majority. The Belgians generally identified the ethnic distinctions in Burundi and Rwanda with the following observations: the Twa who were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of The Republic Of Burundi
The Bank of the Republic of Burundi (, ; BRB) is the central bank of Burundi. The bank was established in 1966 and its offices are in Bujumbura. The Bank is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a member of thAlliance for Financial Inclusion It is also one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make specific national commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration during the 2011 Global Policy Forum held in Mexico. The Current governor is Édouard Normand Bigendako. History The central bank evolved step by step: * Royal Decree of 27 July 1887 establishes the franc as the money of account for the Congo Free State, and Burundi is included as well. * Heligoland Agreement of 1890 puts Rwanda and Burundi within the German sphere of influence in Africa; German East African rupie is the official currency; circulation of the French franc continues nonetheless. * As a result of Belgium's actions, the Belgian Congo becomes a member of the Latin M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caisse Coopérative D'Epargne Et De Crédit Mutuel
''Caisse Coopérative d'Epargne et de Crédit Mutuel'' (Cooperative Savings and Mutual Credit Fund), or CECM, is a microfinance savings and loans bank serving low income people in Burundi. History The CECM was initiated in 1995 by the "Association pour la Promotion Economique de la Femmes" (APEF: Association for Economic Promotion of Women). It was approved by ministerial order no. 550/313/1995 of 4 September 1995. At first, CECM received funding from the Canadian NGO "Développement international Desjardins" (DID), but DID withdrew from Burundi in March 1996. CECM merged with the APEF in 1999. By the end of 2003, CECM had 16,876 members, 75% women and 25% men. CECM had opened two agencies, one next to Bujumbura Central Market and the other in Buyenzi. The organization was planning agencies in other peripheral districts of Bujumbura Mairie. As of 2007, priority was given to low-income women from the outlying districts of the city of Bujumbura. It operated mainly in Buju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tontine
A tontine () is an investment linked to a living person which provides an income for as long as that person is alive. Such schemes originated as plans for governments to raise capital in the 17th century and became relatively widespread in the 18th and 19th centuries. Tontines enable subscribers to share the risk of living a long life by combining features of a group annuity with a kind of mortality lottery. Each subscriber pays a sum into a trust and thereafter receives a periodical payout. As members die, their payout entitlements devolve to the other participants, and so the value of each continuing payout increases. On the death of the final member, the trust scheme is usually wound up. Tontines are still common in France. They can be issued by European insurers under the Directive 2002/83/EC of the European Parliament. The Pan-European Pension Regulation passed by the European Commission in 2019 also contains provisions that specifically permit next-generation pension prod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
