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ON 202
ONS 18 and ON 202 were North Atlantic convoys of the ON/ONS convoys, ONS/ON series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. They were the subject of a major U-boat attack in September 1943, the first battle in the ''Kriegsmarine''s autumn offensive, following the withdrawal from the North Atlantic route after Black May (1943), Black May. Background Following the defeats of May 1943, and the devastating losses incurred by the U-boat Arm (''U-Bootwaffe'', or UBW) Karl Dönitz, Admiral Dönitz had withdrawn from attacks on the North Atlantic route while awaiting tactical and technical improvements. Chief among these was the G7es torpedo, T-5 acoustic torpedo, with which (it was planned) the convoy escorts could be attacked and eliminated, leaving the merchant ships defenceless. By September 1943 these were ready, and U-boat Control (''Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote'', BdU) dispatched a patrol group of 21 boats, code-named Wolf pack Leuthen, ''Leuthen'', to rene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acoustic Torpedo
An acoustic torpedo is a torpedo that aims itself by listening for characteristic sounds of its target or by searching for it using sonar ( acoustic homing). Acoustic torpedoes are usually designed for medium-range use, and often fired from a submarine. The first passive acoustic torpedoes were developed nearly simultaneously by the United States Navy and the Germans during World War II. The Germans developed the G7e/T4 Falke, which was first deployed by the submarines , and in March 1943. Few of these torpedoes were actually used and quickly phased out of service in favor of the T4's successor, the G7es T5 ''Zaunkönig'' torpedo in August 1943. The T5 first saw widespread use in September 1943 against North Atlantic escort vessels and merchant ships in convoys. On the Allied side, the US Navy developed the Mark 24 mine, which was an aircraft-launched, anti-submarine passive acoustic homing torpedo. The first production Mk. 24s were delivered to the U.S. Navy in March 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allies of World War II, Allied naval Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. The campaign peaked from mid-1940 to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the German (navy) and aircraft of the (air force) against the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, United States Navy, and Merchant Navy (United Kingdom), Allied merchant shipping. Convoys, coming mainly from North America and predominantly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States beginning on 13 September 1941. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mid-Atlantic Gap
The Mid-Atlantic gap is a geographical term applied to an undefended area of the Atlantic Ocean during the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. The region was beyond the reach of land-based RAF Coastal Command antisubmarine (A/S) aircraft. This resulted in heavy merchant shipping losses to U-boats. It is frequently known as The Black Pit, as well as the Atlantic Gap, Air Gap, Greenland Gap, Black Gap, or just "the Gap". The gap was eventually closed in May 1943, as growing numbers of VLR Liberators (Very Long Range models) and escort carriers became available, and as basing problems were addressed. History The Royal Air Force (RAF)'s Coastal Command, when it was created in 1936, was given responsibility for antisubmarine warfare (A/S or ASW) patrol. It was equipped only with small numbers of short-ranged aircraft, the most common being the Avro Anson (which was obsolete by the start of the Second World War) and Vickers Vildebeest (which was obsolete); for a time, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Icarus (D03)
HMS ''Icarus'' was one of nine s built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s. Description The I-class ships were improved versions of the preceding H-class. They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . They were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Admiralty three-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of and were intended to give a maximum speed of . ''Icarus'' only reached a speed of from during her sea trials. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of at . Their crew numbered 145 officers and ratings.Lenton, p. 161 The ships mounted four 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X' and 'Y' from bow to stern. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two quadruple mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. The I class was fitted with two above-water ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMCS Gatineau (H61)
HMS ''Express'' was an E-class minelaying destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. Although assigned to the Home Fleet upon completion, the ship was attached to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1935–36 during the Abyssinia Crisis. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, she spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict. ''Express'' spent most of the first year of World War II laying minefields in British, Dutch and German waters. She participated in the evacuation of Allied soldiers from Dunkirk in May–June 1940, but resumed minelaying afterwards. The ship was one of five British destroyers that inadvertently entered a German minefield off the Dutch coast a few months later, leading to the sinking of two destroyers and ''Express'' having her bow blown off, incapacitating her for over a year of repairs. Two months after returning to duty, ''Express'' escorted the battleship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Approaches Command
Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches was the commander of a major operational command of the Royal Navy during World War II. The admiral commanding, and his forces, sometimes informally known as 'Western Approaches Command,' were responsible for the safety of British shipping in the Western Approaches. History Admiral Martin Dunbar-Nasmith, who had been Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, also took over responsibility for the Western Approaches from the start of World War II. After the fall of France in June 1940, the main North Atlantic convoy routes were diverted around the north of Ireland through the north-western approaches.History of Derby House (Western Approaches Museum) accessed 1 May 2017 By late 1940, the location of the Combined Operations headquarters at Plymouth was increasingly awkwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MV Empire MacAlpine
MV ''Empire MacAlpine'' was a grain ship converted to become the first Merchant Aircraft Carrier (MAC ship). The Burntisland Shipbuilding Company, Fife, Scotland, built her under order from the Ministry of War Transport and was delivered on 14 April 1943. As a MAC ship, only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel. She was operated by William Thomson & Co (the Ben Line). After the war she was converted to a grain carrier. She was scrapped in Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ... in 1970. References World War II aircraft carriers of the United Kingdom Bulk carriers Grain ships Empire MacAlpine Empire ships 1942 ships {{UK-mil-ship-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merchant Aircraft Carrier
A merchant aircraft carrier (also known as a MAC ship, the Admiralty (United Kingdom), Admiralty's official 'short name') was a limited-purpose aircraft carrier operated under British and Dutch civilian registry during World War II. MAC ships were adapted by adding a flight deck to a bulk grain ship or oil tanker enabling it to operate anti-submarine aircraft in support of Allies of World War II, Allied convoys during the Battle of the Atlantic. Despite their quasi-military function, MAC ships retained their mercantile status, continued to carry cargo and operated under civilian command. MAC ships entered service from May 1943 when they began to supplement and supplant escort carriers, and remained operational until the end of the war in Europe. Development In 1940, Captain M. S. Slattery RN, Director of Air Matériel at the Admiralty (United Kingdom), Admiralty, proposed a scheme for converting merchant ships into aircraft carriers as a follow-up to the CAM ship project. Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Corvette Roselys
''Roselys'' (formerly HMS ''Sundew'') was one of the nine s lent by the Royal Navy to the Free French Naval Forces. She served as a naval escort in World War II. Construction The vessel was ordered on 21 September 1939. She was constructed in Aberdeen by J. Lewis and Sons Ltd. Her keel was laid on 4 November 1940. The ship was assigned dock number 155. She was launched on 28 May 1941. The vessel was finally commissioned on 19 September 1941. Other Flower-class ships in Free French service retained their original flower names translated into French. However, the French for sundew, ''rosée du matin'' (literally "morning dew"), was considered unsuitable and the girl's name ''Roselys'' ("Rose-Lilly") was used instead, perhaps with the intention of linking the English Tudor rose with the French ''fleur-de-lys''. War service On 30 January 1942, ''Roselys'' spotted a U-boat about 400 yards from her. She turned towards the U-boat with the intention to ram it. The U-boat attempted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Orchis (K76)
HMS ''Orchis'' was a that served in the Royal Navy during World War II. North Atlantic trade convoy escort In March 1941, ''Orchis'' was the first ship fitted with the very successful 10-cm wavelength Type 271 radar enabling detection of a surfaced submarine at or a submarine periscope at . ''Orchis'' was assigned first to the 4th Escort Group based at GreenockRohwer & Hummelchen (1992), p. 89 and then to Escort Group B3 of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force through early 1944.Rohwer & Hummelchen (1992), pp. 170, 185, 188, 198, 212, 227, 228, 234, 235, 239, 241 & 259 ''Orchis'' escorted convoy ONS 18 during the battle around this and ON 202.Rohwer & Hummelchen (1992), pp. 235–236 English Channel ''Orchis'' was then assigned to patrol the English Channel, and sank the on 15 August 1944.Rohwer & Hummelchen (1992), p. 291 ''U-741'' torpedoed ''LST-404'' of convoy FTM-69 while ''Orchis'' was escorting nearby convoy FTC-68. ''Orchis'' gained and held sonar contact on ''U-741'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Narcissus (K74)
HMS ''Narcissus'' was a which served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War from 1941 to the end of the war in 1945. She primarily escorted convoys across the Atlantic Ocean. Construction and armament ''Narcissus'' was constructed at Lewis’s shipyard in Aberdeen in April 1941, with the express purpose of joining the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. She was to act as a platform, from which attacking German submarines could be detected above or below the surface anytime, and driven away or destroyed. She was equipped with sonar and, eventually, type-271 radar and armed with depth charge rails and throwers. A forward throwing Hedgehog was added at a later date. War service After her crew had been worked up at the training base at Tobermory in August 1941, she joined the Clyde Escort Force at Greenock on the River Clyde. Apart from three annual refits and a rearmament at Govan, Fort William and Troon, she escorted merchant ships continuously for three year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Towy (K294)
HMS or hms may refer to: Education * Habib Medical School, of the Islamic University in Uganda * Hartley–Melvin–Sanborn Community School District of Iowa, United States * Harvard Medical School of Harvard University * Heidelberg Middle School, a former American school in Heidelberg, Germany * Hongwanji Mission School, in Hawaii, United States * Horley Methodist School, Teluk Intan, in Malaysia Medicine and science * Hartford Medical Society, an American professional association based in Hartford, Connecticut * Health management system * Hexose monophosphate shunt, an alternative name for the pentose phosphate pathway * Highly migratory species, a classification of fish * Hypermobility spectrum disorder, formerly hypermobility syndrome or HMS * HMS, a brand name of medrysone Technology * Huawei Mobile Services, proprietary apps and services from Huawei bundled with Android devices * HMS Networks, a company in the field of industrial communications * Heavy meltin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
