|
Conseil Supérieur De L'audiovisuel
The (, ), abbreviated CSA, was a French institution created in 1989 whose role was to regulate the various electronic media in France, such as radio and television. The creation of the (High Authority for Audiovisual Communication) was a measure founded in the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party's electoral program of 1981, called 110 Propositions for France. The CSA replaced the (CNCL), which itself replaced the High Authority for Audiovisual Communication, created in 1982 to supervise the attribution of radio frequencies to the private radio sector, which was judged better than allowing the anarchic creation of the ("free radios"), mainly composed of amateurs and NGOs. The CSA always acted prior restraint, after content was shown on a TV channel or heard on a radio, so it was not an instance of preventative censorship . Notably, the CSA asked the Government of France to forbid Al-Manar TV in 2005 because of charges of hate speech; it also claimed that MED TV was close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
National Commission For Communication And Liberties
The National Commission for Communication and Liberties (''Commission nationale de la communication et des libertés'' or ''CNCL'') was a TV and radio regulatory body set up in France in 1986 as the successor to the Haute Autorité de la communication audiovisuelle, and dissolved in 1989 to be followed by the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel. History of telecommunications in France Radio in France Television in France Government agencies established in 1986 Government agencies disestablished in 1989 1986 establishments in France Government agencies of France 1989 disestablishments in France {{France-tv-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Franck Riester
Franck Alix Georges Riester (born 3 January 1974) is a French politician of Renaissance (French political party), Renaissance (RE). He has represented the Seine-et-Marne's 5th constituency, fifth constituency of Seine-et-Marne in the National Assembly (France), National Assembly since 2024, having previously held the seat from 2017 to 2018 and briefly in 2022. Riester has held various ministerial roles throughout his career. In 2024, he was appointed Minister delegate (France), Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade, Economic Attractiveness, the Francophonie, and French Nationals Abroad in the Attal government. Prior to this, he served as Minister Delegate for Relations with French Parliament, Parliament (2022–2024) in the Borne government and as Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade and Economic Attractiveness (2020–2022) in both the Castex government, Castex and Borne governments. From 2018 to 2020, he was Ministry of Culture (France), Minister of Culture in the second Philippe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
2021 Disestablishments In France
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Government Agencies Established In 1989
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. The main types of modern political systems recognized are democracies, totalitarian regimes, and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes. Modern classification systems also include monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. Historically prevalent f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1989 Establishments In France
1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin Wall in November, the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December; the movement ended in December 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Revolutions against communist governments in Eastern Europe mainly succeeded, but the year also saw the suppression by the Chinese government of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in Beijing. It was the year of the first Brazilian direct presidential election in 29 years, since the end of the military government in 1985 that ruled the country for more than twenty years, and marked the redemocratization process's final point. F. W. de Klerk was elected as State President of South Africa, and his regime gradually dismantled the ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Government Agencies Of France
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. The main types of modern political systems recognized are democracies, totalitarian regimes, and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes. Modern classification systems also include monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. Historically prevalent f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Entertainment Rating Organizations
Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but it is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention. Although people's attention is held by different things because individuals have different preferences, most forms of entertainment are recognisable and familiar. Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, and developed into sophisticated forms over time, becoming available to all citizens. The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products. Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale, ranging from an individual who chooses private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mass Media In France
Compared to other European nations, the French are not avid newspaper readers, citing only 164 adults out of every 1000 as newspaper readers. The French press was healthiest in the aftermath of World War II. A year after the end of the war, 28 papers had a combined circulation of about 7 million. However, seven years later that figure had been nearly halved. This decline was principally due to the greater popularity of the broadcast media and the subsequent diversion of advertising revenues. Since 2000 newly produced free papers have further weakened the established press. Still, 80 daily papers remain, and there is a wide range of weeklies, many of which now feature internet sites. Regional papers have remained relatively unaffected by the decline, with provincial newspapers commanding a higher degree of reader loyalty. For example, ''Ouest-France'', sells almost twice as many copies as any of the national dailies. Books *Hachette Livre *Editis Newspapers In the early 21st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Conseil Supérieur De L'audiovisuel (Belgium)
The Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) is the independent administrative authority responsible for regulating the audiovisual media sector such as television, radio, cable TV, and so on in the French-speaking community of southern Belgium. It is headquartered on Rue Royale, 89, 1000 Bruxelles, Brussels. Origins and status The CSA was created in 1987 as a purely consultative body, integrated into the administration of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. It has been organized as an independent administrative authority since the implementation of the decree of July 24, 1997. The decree of February 27, 2003 confirmed this evolution, giving it both legal personality and new authorization and control missions. A new decree on audiovisual media services (transposing the EU directive on audiovisual media services into the regulatory framework of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation) came into force on March 28, 2009. The CSA is part of the history of Belgian federalism. As in all fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pirate Radio In France
Pirate radio in Europe emerged as unlicensed radio broadcasting stations, often operating from offshore vessels or undisclosed land-based locations. The phenomenon began in the mid-20th century and became widespread in the 1960s and 1970s, gaining popularity in countries such as Denmark, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Offering alternative music and content across the British Isles and continental Europe, pirate radio challenged government control of the airwaves in the region until changes in legislation either legalised or shut down these stations. Despite suppression, pirate radio left a lasting cultural impact on European broadcasting. Denmark Radio Mercur began transmission from the ''MV Cheeta'' on 2 August 1958. Danmarks Commercielle Radio (DCR) began transmission from the ''MV Lucky Star'' on 15 September 1961. DCR later united with Radio Mercur. Radio Mercur ended transmission in 1962 due to a Danish law prohibiting assistance to illegal broadcasting direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ken Park
''Ken Park'' is a 2002 erotic psychological thriller film directed by Larry Clark and Edward Lachman. Set in the city of Visalia, California, it revolves around the abusive and dysfunctional lives of four teenagers following the suicide of their mutual acquaintance, the eponymous Ken Park. It was written by Harmony Korine, who based it on Clark's journals and stories. The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on September 10, 2002, but has not been officially shown in the United States since. It was also banned in Australia due to its content. Plot The title character Ken Park (nicknamed "Krap Nek": his name spelled and pronounced backward), is a teenager skateboarding across Visalia, California. He arrives at a skate park, where he casually sets up a camcorder, smiles, and shoots himself in the temple with a handgun. His death is used to bookend the film, which follows the lives of four other teenagers who knew him. Shawn is the most stable of the four main character ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Michèle Léridon
Michèle Léridon (10 November 1958 – 3 May 2021) was a French journalist and news director. A longtime journalist and editor at Agence France-Presse (AFP), she was its global news director from 2014 to 2019, when she became a member of the French Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel. Early life and education Michèle Léridon was born in Canteleu, the daughter of a physician and a radiologist, and was educated at the in Ouillins. She earned degrees in economics from the Lumière University Lyon 2 and in journalism from the Centre de formation des journalistes in Paris. Career Léridon began her career in 1977, working as a reporter for two regional newspapers, ' and ''La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest'', then at the magazine ''L'Usine Nouvelle''. She joined AFP in 1981, working first in France and covering media news during privatisation, and later in Africa, where she covered wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia and became the first woman director of the agency's Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
