|
Conscription In Australia
Conscription in Australia, also known as National Service following the Second World War, has a controversial history which dates back to the implementation of compulsory military training and service in the first years of Australia's nationhood. Military conscription for peacetime service was abolished in 1972. However, in times of war, the '' Defence Act 1903'' allows the Governor-General of Australia to authorise conscription for service in the Defence Force, provided it is approved by the Parliament of Australia within 90 days. History Universal Training Scheme In 1909, the Deakin government introduced an amendment to the '' Defence Act 1903'', the ''Defence Act 1909'', which allowed for a form of conscription for boys from 12 to 14 years of age and for youths of 18 to 20 years of age for the purposes of home defence. The Act, which passed with the combined support of the Protectionist Party and the Australian Labor Party, did not allow soldiers to be conscripted for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Service
National service is a system of compulsory or voluntary government service, usually military service. Conscription is mandatory national service. The term ''national service'' comes from the United Kingdom's National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939. The length and nature of national service depends on the country in question. In some instances, national service is compulsory, and citizens living abroad can be called back to their country of origin to complete it. In other cases, national service is voluntary. Many young people spend one or more years in such programmes. Compulsory military service typically requires all citizens to enroll for one or two years, usually at age 18 (later for university-level students). Most conscripting countries conscript only men, but Norway, Sweden, Israel, Eritrea, Malaysia, Morocco and North Korea conscript both men and women. Voluntary national service may require only three months of basic military training. The US equivalent is Selecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Billy Hughes
William Morris Hughes (25 September 1862 – 28 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Australia from 1915 to 1923. He led the nation during World War I, and his influence on national politics spanned several decades. He was a member of the federal parliament from the Federation of Australia in 1901 until his death in 1952, and is the only person to have served as a parliamentarian for more than 50 years. He represented six political parties during his career, leading five, outlasting four, and being expelled from three. Hughes was born in London to Welsh parents. He emigrated to Australia at the age of 22, and became involved in the fledgling Australian labour movement. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1894, as a member of the New South Wales Labor Party, and then transferred to the new federal parliament in 1901. Hughes combined his early political career with part-time legal studies, and was ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Industrial Workers Of The World
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), whose members are nicknamed "Wobblies", is an international labor union founded in Chicago, United States in 1905. The nickname's origin is uncertain. Its ideology combines general unionism with industrial unionism, as it is a general union, subdivided between the various industries which employ its members. The Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics, philosophy and tactics of the IWW are described as "revolutionary industrial unionism", with ties to History of the socialist movement in the United States, socialist, syndicalism, syndicalist, and Anarchism in the United States#American anarchism and the labor movement, anarchist labor movements. In the 1910s and early 1920s, the IWW achieved many of its short-term goals, particularly in the Western United States, American West, and cut across traditional guild and union lines to organize workers in a variety of trades and industries. At their peak in August 1917, IWW m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Action (newspaper)
''Direct Action'' was an English-language newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was published in tabloid format. History The paper's first issue was published on 31 January 1914 by the Industrial Workers of the World, Australian Administration. It was a monthly publication concerned with socialism and industrial unionism. Digitisation The various versions of the paper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program, a project hosted by the National Library of Australia. See also * List of newspapers in New South Wales * List of newspapers in Australia This is a list of newspapers in Australia. ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' is the most-read newspaper in Australia, with over eight million readers as of 2021. Top 10 newspapers by circulation The following is a list of the top 10 newspapers ... References External links * Bibliography * ''Two hundred years of Sydney newspapers : a short history'', by Victor Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tom Barker (trade Unionist)
Tom Barker (3 June 1887 – 2 April 1970) was a New Zealand tram conductor, trade unionist, and socialist. He was born in Crosthwaite, Westmorland, England. He was a leading member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and politician in New Zealand and Australia. Early life Barker was the eldest son of farm worker Thomas Grainger Barker and his wife Sarah, née Trotter. As a boy, he worked on the farm until the age of 11 years and then in a milking parlor until he was 14 years old. He then went to Liverpool and, in 1905, joined the British military, in a cavalry regiment. However, due to growing health problems with the strength of his heart, he was discharged soon from the army and worked in Liverpool on the rail-road. In 1909, he emigrated to New Zealand, and worked in Auckland as a conductor on the trams. He married Bertha Isaakovna, a Polish-born ballet dancer. Politics New Zealand In New Zealand, he became an active trade unionist and secretary of the New Zeal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimes Act 1914
The ''Crimes Act 1914'' (Cth) is an Act of the Parliament of Australia which addresses the most serious federal offences — that is, crimes against the Commonwealth. It was the first major federal criminal law since the Federation of Australia in 1901, since most criminal law of Australia was, and still is, handled by the states and territories rather than at the federal level. Act Amongst other things, Volume 2 of the Act deals with offences against the administration of justice in federal proceedings, piracy, and offences relating to postal services. Structure Volume 1 *Part I – Preliminary; *Part IAA – Search, information gathering, arrest and related powers (other than powers under delayed notification search warrants; *Part IAAA – Delayed notification search warrants; *Part IAAB – Monitoring of compliance with control orders etc.; *Part IAB – Controlled operations; *Part IABA – Integrity testing; *Part IAC – Assumed identities; *Part IACA – Witn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Precautions Act 1914
The War Precautions Act 1914 was an Act of the Parliament of Australia which gave the Government of Australia special powers for the duration of World War I and for six months afterwards. It was held by the High Court of Australia in '' Farey v Burvett'' that during wartime, the scope of the federal Government's power under Section 51(vi) of the Australian Constitution (under which the Act was passed) expands to meet the exigencies of wartime. As a result, the responsibility for defence policy lies solely with the Parliament and the Executive. There were 3,442 prosecutions under the Act, almost all of which were successful. The Act Under the Act, which was to be read as one with the ''Defence Act 1903–1912'', the Commonwealth could make regulations "for securing the public safety and the defence of the Commonwealth", including: :* preventing espionage and other activity that could "jeopardize the success of the operations of any of His Majesty's forces," securing "the safet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lindsay Help Daddy
Lindsay may refer to: People *Clan Lindsay, a Scottish family clan *Lindsay (name), an English surname and given name, derived from the Scottish clan name; variants include Lindsey, Lyndsay, Linsay, Linsey, Lyndsey, Lyndsy, Lynsay, Lynsey Places ;Australia *Division of Lindsay, an electoral district in New South Wales ;Canada *Lindsay, Ontario ;United States *Lindsay, California *Lindsay, Montana *Lindsay, Nebraska *Lindsay, Oklahoma *Lindsay, South Dakota, a ghost town *Lindsay, Cooke County, Texas *Lindsay, Reeves County, Texas Other uses * Lindsay (crater) Lindsay is a small lunar impact crater in the central highlands of the Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diam ..., a lunar impact crater * ''Lindsay'' (TV series), an American reality TV series * , a destroyer escort transferred to the Royal Navy See also * Lindsey (other)< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Tudor
Francis Gwynne Tudor (29 January 1866 – 10 January 1922) was an Australian politician who served as the leader of the Australian Labor Party from 1916 until his death. He had previously been a government minister under Andrew Fisher and Billy Hughes. Tudor was born in Melbourne to Welsh immigrant parents. He left school at a young age to enter the workforce, serving an apprenticeship in the felt hat industry and later studying his trade for periods in England and the United States. He became involved in trade unionism in England, and after returning to Australia served as president of the Felt Hatters' Union. Tudor was elected president of the Victorian Trades Hall Council in 1900. The following year, he was elected to the new Parliament of Australia, federal parliament as a representative of the Labor Party. He was chosen as the parliamentary party's first Party whip (Australia), whip, and held that position until entering cabinet in 1908. Tudor served as Minister for Trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Liberal Party
The Liberal Party was a parliamentary party in Australian federal politics between 1909 and 1917. The party was founded under Alfred Deakin's leadership as a merger of the Protectionist Party and Anti-Socialist Party, an event known as the Fusion. The creation of the party marked the emergence of a two-party system, replacing the unstable multi-party system that arose after Federation of Australia, Federation in 1901. The first three Elections in Australia, federal elections produced hung parliaments, with the Protectionist Party, Protectionists, Free Trade Party, Free Traders, and Australian Labor Party (ALP) forming a series of minority governments. Free Trade leader George Reid envisioned an anti-socialism, anti-socialist alliance of liberals and conservatives, rebranding his party accordingly, and his views were eventually adopted by his Protectionist counterpart Deakin. Objections towards Reid saw Deakin take the lead in coordinating the merger. The Fusion was controversi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Labor Party
The National Labor Party (NLP) was an Australian political party formed by Prime Minister Billy Hughes in November 1916, following the 1916 Labor split on the issue of World War I conscription in Australia. Hughes had taken over as leader of the Australian Labor Party and Prime Minister of Australia when anti-conscriptionist Andrew Fisher resigned in 1915. He formed the new party for himself and his followers after he was expelled from the ALP a month after the 1916 plebiscite on conscription in Australia. Hughes held a pro-conscription stance in relation to World War I. Formation On 15 September 1916, the executive of the Political Labour League (the Labor Party organisation in New South Wales at the time) expelled Hughes from the Labor Party. When the Federal Parliamentary Labor caucus met on 14 November 1916, lengthy discussions ensued until Hughes walked out with 24 other Labor members; the remaining 43 members of Caucus then passed their motion of no confidence in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 Australian Conscription Referendum
The 1917 Australian referendum was held on 20 December 1917. It contained one question. * ''Are you in favour of the proposal of the Australian Government, Commonwealth Government for reinforcing the First Australian Imperial Force, Australian Imperial Force oversea?'' Background The 1917 plebiscite was held a year after the highly contentious Australian plebiscite, 1916, 1916 conscription plebiscite. The 1916 plebiscite had resulted in a surprise "no" vote, with voters in Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia, as well as a majority of electors nationwide, rejecting the proposal. The political fallout was swift and, by November 1916, had led to the collapse of the First Hughes Ministry. That was associated with a split in the ruling Australian Labor Party, with Prime Minister Billy Hughes and some Labor MPs forming the breakaway National Labor Party which, by February 1917, had merged with the conservative Commonwealth Liberal Party to form the Nationalist Party of Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
