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Confectionery Workers' Union Of Australia
The Confectionery Workers' Union of Australia (CWUA) was an Australian trade union which existed between 1925 and 1992. Until 1986, it was known as the Federated Confectioners' Association of Australia (FCA). Throughout its existence, it represented factory workers in the confectionery industry, including a high proportion of women. It was also notable for its involvement in the landmark Dollar Sweets Dispute. Background During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, confectionery production expanded dramatically in Australia. Large domestic companies such as MacRobertsons were established. After the Federation of Australia, these companies grew as they gained access to a national market. Later, World War I saw Britain's share of the market decline rapidly as shipping lanes were disrupted. As the domestic industry grew, production became increasingly mechanised, and the composition of the workforce changed as a result. While in the 1880s, confectionery was a male-domi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACTU
The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), originally the Australasian Council of Trade Unions, is the largest peak body representing workers in Australia. It is a national trade union centre of 46 affiliated trade union, unions and eight trades and labour councils. The ACTU is a member of the International Trade Union Confederation. The President of the ACTU is Michele O'Neil, who was elected on 28 July 2018. The current Secretary is Sally McManus. Objectives The objectives of the ACTU, found in its constitution, are: * the Social ownership, socialisation of industry, * the organisation of wage and salary earners in the Australian workforce (within the trade union movement), * the utilisation of Australian resources to maintain full employment, establish equitable living standards which increase in line with output, and create opportunities for the development of talent. Organisation The ACTU holds a biennial congress that is attended by approximately 800 delegates from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Labor Party
The Australian Labor Party (ALP), also known as the Labor Party or simply Labor, is the major Centre-left politics, centre-left List of political parties in Australia, political party in Australia and one of two Major party, major parties in Politics of Australia, Australian politics, along with the Centre-right politics, centre-right Liberal Party of Australia. The party has been in government since the 2022 Australian federal election, 2022 federal election, and with List of state and territory branches of the Australian Labor Party, political branches active in all the States and territories of Australia, Australian states and territories, they currently hold government in New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria (state), Victoria, Western Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory. As of 2025, Queensland, Tasmania and Northern Territory are the only states or territories where Labor currently forms the opposition. It is the oldest continuously operating political party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Howard Government
The Howard government refers to the Government of Australia, federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister John Howard between 11 March 1996 and 3 December 2007. It was made up of members of the Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal–National Party of Australia, National Coalition (Australia), Coalition, which won a majority of seats in the Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives at four successive elections. The Howard government commenced following victory over the Keating government at the 1996 Australian federal election, 1996 federal election. It concluded with its defeat at the 2007 Australian federal election, 2007 federal election by the Australian Labor Party, whose leader Kevin Rudd then formed the first Rudd government (2007–2010), Rudd government. It was the second-longest government under a single prime minister, with the longest having been the second Menzies government (1949–1966). Two senior ministers served in single r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treasurer Of Australia
The Treasurer of Australia, also known as the Federal Treasurer or more simply the Treasurer, is the Federal Executive Council (Australia), minister of state of the Australia, Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing government revenue collection, federal expenditure and economic policy as the head of the Treasury (Australia), Department of the Treasury. The current treasurer is Jim Chalmers, who was selected by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese in May 2022 following the 2022 Australian federal election. The Treasurer implements ministerial powers through the Treasury (Australia), Department of the Treasury and a range of other government agencies. According to constitutional convention, the Treasurer is always a member of the Parliament of Australia with a Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives, seat in the Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives. The office is generally seen as equivalent to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Chamber Of Commerce And Industry
The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) is Australia's largest business association, comprising state and territory chambers of commerce and national industry associations. ACCI represents Australian businesses of all shapes and sizes, across all sectors of the economy, and from every corner of the country. It was formed from a merger of the Confederation of Australian Industry (CAI) and the Australian Chamber of Commerce (ACC) in 1992. ACCI contributes to public discussion and government decision-making on issues that impact on business, including economics, trade, workplace relations, work health and safety and employment, education and training. The Chamber also speaks on behalf of Australian business in international forums. The current chief executive of ACCI is Andrew McKellar and the president is Nola Watson. The organisation is headquartered in Canberra, with offices in Sydney and Melbourne. History The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorian Chamber Of Commerce And Industry
The Victorian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VECCI) is a not-for-profit business organisation in Victoria, Australia. It informs and supports 47,000 members and clients across the state. Founded in 1851 with headquarters in Melbourne, the group is focused on providing policy leadership, information, representation, training and networking opportunities. The Victorian Chamber employs around 220 staff across its Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo, Geelong, Wodonga and Traralgon offices. History The Victorian Chamber was founded as the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce in 1851. It was Victoria's first business organisation. The Chamber's members – bankers, accountants, financiers, merchants, importers, lawyers, ship owners and agents, manufacturers and stock, share and product brokers – sought to advance trade and commerce and make Melbourne one of the world's great free ports. It helped to establish the Melbourne Harbor Trust The Melbourne Harbor Trust was established in 1877 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law primarily developed through judicial decisions rather than statutes. Although common law may incorporate certain statutes, it is largely based on precedent—judicial rulings made in previous similar cases. The presiding judge determines which precedents to apply in deciding each new case. Common law is deeply rooted in Precedent, ''stare decisis'' ("to stand by things decided"), where courts follow precedents established by previous decisions. When a similar case has been resolved, courts typically align their reasoning with the precedent set in that decision. However, in a "case of first impression" with no precedent or clear legislative guidance, judges are empowered to resolve the issue and establish new precedent. The common law, so named because it was common to all the king's courts across England, originated in the practices of the courts of the English kings in the centuries fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Industrial Relations Commission
The Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC), known from 1956 to 1973 as the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission and from 1973 to 1988 as the Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, was a tribunal with powers under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (and equivalent earlier legislation) that existed from 1956 until 2010. It was the central institution of Australian labour law. The AIRC replaced a previous system of industrial courts, which broadly speaking, was engaged in the same functions, but with superior independence and powers. History Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration and the ''Boilermakers'' decision The Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, a court created in 1904 to hear and arbitrate industrial disputes, and to make awards, was abolished in 1956 following the decision of the High Court in '' the Boilermakers' case''. The High Court held that the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, as a tribunal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity Action
Solidarity action (also known as secondary action, a secondary boycott, a solidarity strike, or a sympathy strike) is industrial action by a trade union in support of a strike initiated by workers in a separate corporation, but often the same enterprise, group of companies, or connected firm. In Australia, Latvia, Luxembourg, the United States, and the United Kingdom, solidarity action is theoretically illegal, and strikes can only be against the contractual employer. Germany, Italy and Spain have restrictions in place that restrict the circumstances in which solidarity action can take place (see European labour law). The term "secondary action" is often used with the intention of distinguishing different types of trade dispute with a worker's direct contractual employer. Thus, a secondary action is a dispute with the employer's parent company, its suppliers, financiers, contracting parties, or any other employer in another industry. Australia In Australia, secondary b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Costello
Peter Howard Costello (born 14 August 1957) is an Australian businessman, lawyer and former politician who served as the treasurer of Australia in Howard government, government of John Howard from 1996 to 2007. He is the longest-serving treasurer in Australia's history. Costello was a member of parliament (MP) of the Australian House of Representatives from 1990 to 2009, representing the Division of Higgins. He also served as the Liberal Party of Australia#Liberal federal deputy leaders, Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party from 1994 to 2007. On 18 September 2008, Costello was appointed as chairman of the World Bank's new Independent Advisory Board (IAB) to provide advice on anti-corruption measures. Costello served as Chairman of Nine Entertainment from February 2016 until June 2024. Costello is Chairman of the Board of Guardians of Australian Future Fund. Early life Costello was born on 14 August 1957 in Melbourne into a middle-class family of practising Christians. He was t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picketing
Picketing is a form of protest in which people (called pickets or picketers) congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place. Often, this is done in an attempt to dissuade others from going in (" crossing the picket line"), but it can also be done to draw public attention to a cause. Picketers normally endeavor to be non-violent. It can have a number of aims but is generally to put pressure on the party targeted to meet particular demands or cease operations. This pressure is achieved by harming the business through loss of customers and negative publicity, or by discouraging or preventing workers or customers from entering the site and thereby preventing the business from operating normally. Picketing is a common tactic used by trade unions during strikes, who will try to prevent dissident members of the union, members of other unions and non-unionised workers from working. Those who cross the picket line and work despite the strike are known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
