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Collaboration In The German-occupied Soviet Union
A large number of Soviet citizens of various ethnicities collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the number of Soviet collaborators with the Nazi German military was around 1 million. Aftermath of the German invasion Mass collaboration ensued after the German invasion of the Soviet Union of 1941, Operation Barbarossa. The two main forms of mass collaboration in the Nazi-occupied territories were both military in nature. It is estimated that anywhere between 600,000 and 1,400,000 Soviets (Russians and non-Russians) were “military collaborators” with the Wehrmacht in some way either as ''Hiwis'' (or Hilfswillige) or in some other capacity, including 275,000 to 350,000 "Muslim and Caucasian”. Ahead of the subsequent implementation of the more oppressive administrative methods by the '' SS''. As much as 20% of the German manpower (when including Hiwis) in Soviet Russia was composed of former Soviet citizens, about half of whom were ethnic R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1975-099-15A, Russland, Kosaken In Der Wehrmacht
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media ( Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents in this collection dated back ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fedor Von Bock
Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich Fedor von Bock (3 December 1880 – 4 May 1945) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) who served in the German Army during the Second World War. Bock served as the commander of Army Group North during the Invasion of Poland in 1939, of Army Group B during the Invasion of France in 1940, of Army Group Center during Operation Barbarossa in 1941, and of Army Group South on the Eastern Front in 1942. Bock was a staff officer of the Imperial German Army during World War I and rose through the ranks of the post-war ''Reichswehr'' during the Weimar Republic. Bock was given his first command post in 1935, playing a key role in the ''Anschluss'', the annexation of the Sudetenland, the invasion of Poland, and the invasion of France for which he was promoted to ''Generalfeldmarschall''. Bock was successful during the Operation Barbarossa and commanded Operation Typhoon, the German attempt to capture Moscow during the autumn and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Socialist Labor Party Of Russia
National Socialist Labor Party of Russia (NSLPR) ''(Rus: Национал-социалистическая рабочая партия России (НСРП))'' was a Russian political party created in the German occupied semi-autonomous Lokot Republic by Bronislav Kaminski, the leader of the Russian People's Liberation Army and Konstantin Voskoboinik, Starosta of the Lokot Autonomy. The Party underwent several name changes: in May 1943 it was renamed the ‘National Socialist Party of Russia’ (''Natsional-sotsialisticheskaia partiia Rossii'', NSPR), and in that November it became the ‘National Socialist Workers’ Party of Russia’ (''Natsional-sotsialisticheskaia trudovaia partiia Rossii'', NSTPR). Background The city of Lokot and its surroundings fell to German occupation in 1941, during Operation Barbarossa, after which the Lokot Autonomy was formed. The autonomy has been described as an "experiment" done by the Nazis to gauge the effectiveness of collaboratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lokot Autonomy
The Lokot Autonomy () or Lokot Republic (, ) was an autonomous republic in the occupied territories of the Bryansk, Oryol and Kursk Oblasts of the Soviet Union, formed by German Nazi troops, and more specifically by Guderian's 2nd Panzer Army during World War II. The Wehrmacht entered the area in October 1941 and were forced out in August 1943. A local administration and police were appointed by German occupation authorities in November 1941. The autonomous republic was established in July 1942, when six districts were added to the Lokot district. The autonomy's name was derived from the region's administrative center, the urban-type settlement of Lokot in Oryol Oblast (now located in Bryansk Oblast). The autonomy covered the area of eight raions (the present-day Brasovsky, Dmitriyevsky, Dmitrovsky, Komarichsky, Navlinsky, Sevsky, Suzemsky and Zheleznogorsky districts) now divided between Bryansk, Oryol and Kursk Oblasts. The Lokot Autonomy was ruled by a Russian ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronislav Kaminski
Bronislav Vladislavovich Kaminski (; 16 June 1899 – 28 August 1944) was a Soviet Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union, Nazi collaborator. Some publications mistakenly give Kaminski's first name as ''Mieczyslaw''.Janusz Marszalec: Z krzyżem świętego Jerzego, "Polityka" nr 31/2001, ss.66-68 Kaminski was the commander of the eponymous Kaminski Brigade, an Bandenbekämpfung, anti-partisan and rear-security formation made up of people from the so-called Lokot Autonomy territory (1941–1943) in part of the Nazi Germany, German-occupied area of the Soviet Union. The Kaminski Brigade later became part of the Waffen-SS as the Waffen-''Sturmbrigade RONA'' (''Russkaya Osvoboditelnaya Narodnaya Armiya'' — Russian People's Liberation Army). Under Kaminski's command, the unit committed numerous war crimes and atrocities in the German-occupied Soviet Union and in Poland. The unit is regarded as one of the most brutal units, with Kaminski himself feared by his sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brigadeführer
''Brigadeführer'' (, ) was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945. It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as '' Untergruppenführer'' in late 1929 and 1930. History The rank was first created due to an expansion of the SS and assigned to those officers in command of ''SS-Brigaden''. In 1933, the ''SS-Brigaden'' were changed in name to ''SS-Abschnitte''; however, the rank of ''Brigadeführer'' remained the same. Originally, ''Brigadeführer'' was considered the second general officer rank of the SS and ranked between ''Oberführer'' and ''Gruppenführer''. This changed with the rise of the Waffen-SS and the ''Ordnungspolizei''. In both of those organizations, ''Brigadeführer'' was the equivalent to a ''Generalmajor'' and ranked above an ''Oberst'' in the German Army or police. The rank of ''Generalmajor'' was the equivalent of brigadier general, a one-star general in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaminski Brigade
The ''29. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS „RONA” (russische Nr. 1)'', also known as the Russian Liberation People's Army ( Russian: ''Русская освободительная народная армия'', РОНА; transcription: ''Russkaya osvoboditel'naya narodnaya armiya'', RONA), and as the Kaminski Brigade, was a collaborationist formation composed of Russian nationals from the territory of the Lokot Autonomy in Axis-occupied areas of the RSFSR, Soviet Union on the Eastern Front.Rolf-Dieter Mueller, The Unknown Eastern Front, (Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2012), p. 222. It was known for loose discipline, drunkenness and extreme brutality, which shocked even hardened '' SS'' veterans. It was founded in late 1941 as auxiliary police with 200 personnel. By mid-1943 it had grown to 10,000–12,000 men, equipped with captured Soviet tanks and artillery. Bronislav Kaminski, the unit's leader, named it the Russian People's Liberation Army () With a forced mobiliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Russian Liberation People's Army
A flag is a piece of textile, fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the Maritime flag, maritime environment, where Flag semaphore, semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fyodor Truhin
Fyodor Ivanovich Truhin (; 26 December 18961 August 1946) was a Soviet major general during World War II. Following his capture during the Baltic Operation he defected to Nazi Germany becoming a leading member of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia and the National Alliance of Russian Solidarists. In the aftermath of the German defeat he was captured by pro-Soviet Czech partisans, who in turn transferred him to the Soviet Union where he was executed for treason. Military career Fyodor Truhin was born on 29 February 1896, in Kostroma. Truhin's father Ivan was the leader of the Kostroma Governorate's nobility, and served as a state councillor after retiring from his service in the 1st Grenadier Artillery Brigade in the rank of captain. His mother Nadezhda descended from the Tregubov noble family. Truhin graduated from primary school in 1906, enrolling into the 2nd Kostroma Gymnasium from which he graduated in 1914. During the course of his studies at the gymnas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Alliance Of Russian Solidarists
The National Alliance of Russian Solidarists ( NTS; ) is a Russian anticommunist organization founded in 1930 by a group of young Russian anticommunist White émigrés in Belgrade, Serbia (then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). The organization formed in response to the older generation of Russian White émigré, émigrés (veterans of the White movement) whom NTS-members perceived as stagnant and resigned to their loss in the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923. The young people who founded NTS decided to take an active role in fighting against communism: by studying the newly emerging Culture of the Soviet Union, Soviet culture and the psyche of persons living in the Soviet Union, and by developing a political program based on the concept of Corporatism#Corporate solidarism, solidarism. The organisation worked closely with the Nazis during the occupation of Russia, moving their headquarters to Berlin and acting as local administrators and collaborators. Political program The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Liberation Army
The Russian Liberation Army (; , ), also known as the Vlasov army () was a collaborationist formation, primarily composed of Russians, that fought under German command during World War II. From January 1945, the army was led by Andrey Vlasov, a Red Army general who had defected, and members of the army are often referred to as ''Vlasovtsy'' (). In 1944, it became known as the Armed Forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (, abbreviated as ). Vlasov agreed to collaborate with Nazi Germany after having been captured on the Eastern Front. The soldiers of the ROA command were mostly former Soviet prisoners of war but also included some White Russian émigrés, some of whom were veterans of the anti-communist White Army from the Russian Civil War (1917–23). The political platform of the ROA was formulated mainly by Vlasov and his associates, who were products of Soviet society, so the declared principles of the Vlasovites were anti-capitalism, right o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee For The Liberation Of The Peoples Of Russia
The Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (, ', abbreviated as , ') was composed of military and civilian Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, collaborators with Nazi Germany from territories of the Soviet Union, most of them being ethnic Russians, and was the political authority of the Russian Liberation Movement, Russian anti-Soviet movement aligned with the Axis powers. It was founded by General Andrey Vlasov on 14 November 1944, in Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, occupied Czechoslovakia, which was purposely chosen because it was a Slavic peoples, Slavic city that was still under Axis control. Vlasov had received the permission to establish the committee from ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler. The goals of the committee were embodied in a document known as the Prague Manifesto. The manifesto's fourteen points guaranteed the freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly, as well as a right to self-determination of any ethnic gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
