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Coinage Of Aesernia
Coinage of Aesernia concerns coins minted in Isernia, Aesernia, a city in Samnium (modern Isernia), where a Roman Empire, Roman colony was created in 263 BC. The coins were minted around 263 to 240 B.C., after the colony was founded. Colonies under Ius Italicum, Latin law constituted state entities, with local magistrates, administrative autonomy and, in some cases, the right to mint coinage. The city was (and is) located in the upper valley of the Volturno, a river that provided a route for contacts and trade with northern Campania. Some authors believe that some of the Coinage of the Social War (91–88 BC), coinage of the Social War may have been minted in the same center. Cataloging No specific text has been published for the coinage of Aesernia. The most extensive treatment can be found in 's book titled Les monnaies antiques de l'Italie, published in Paris in 1903. Contrary to what the title suggests, the book deals only with part of Italic peoples, ancient Italy, prac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isernia
Isernia () is a town and ''comune'' in the southern Italian region of Molise, and the capital of the province of Isernia. Geography Situated on a rocky crest rising from between the Carpino and the Sordo rivers, the plan of Isernia still reflects the ancient layout of the Roman town, with a central wide street, the '' cardo maximus'', still represented by Corso Marcelli, and side streets at right angles on both sides. The comune of Isernia includes 16 frazioni. The most densely populated is Castelromano which is positioned in a plain at the base of the La Romana mount, elevation , from Isernia. History The city's Roman name, ''Aesernia'', reflects probably a former Samnite toponym, but a connection to an Indo-European root, ''aeser'', which means "water", is tenuous. Classical Aesernia was a city of Samnium, included within the territory of the Pentri tribe, situated in the valley of the Vulturnus (modern Volturno), on a small stream flowing into that river, and distant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corinthian Helmet
The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city-state of Corinth. It was a helmet made of bronze which in its later styles covered the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth. A large curved projection protected the nape of the neck. Out of combat, a Greek hoplite would wear the helmet tipped upward for comfort. This practice gave rise to a series of variant forms in Italy, where the slits were almost closed, since the helmet was no longer pulled over the face but worn cap-like. Although the classical Corinthian helmet fell out of use among the Greeks in favour of more open types, the Italo-Corinthian types remained in use until the 1st century AD, being used, among others, by the Roman army. Physical evidence Apparently (judging from artistic and archaeological evidence) the most popular helmet during the Archaic and early Classical periods, the style gradually gave way to the more open Thracian helmet, Chalcidian helmet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vibo Valentia
Vibo Valentia (; Monteleone before 1861; Monteleone di Calabria from 1861 to 1928; or ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in the Italian region of Calabria, near the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital of the province of Vibo Valentia, and is an agricultural, commercial and tourist center (the most famous places nearby are Tropea, Ricadi and Pizzo). There are also several large manufacturing industries, including the tuna district of Maierato. Very important for the local economy is Vibo Marina's harbour. History Vibo Valentia was originally the Greek colony of Hipponion (). It was founded, probably around the late 7th century BC, by inhabitants of Locri, a principal city of the region on the Ionian Sea. The massive city wall of 7 km circumference, a length of which can still be seen today, enclosed an area over the hill and down to the port. It had cylindrical towers at intervals and its monumental size testifies to the wealth of the city and the wars the city w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teano
Teano is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Caserta, Campania, southern Italy, northwest of Caserta on the main line to Rome from Naples. It stands at the southeast foot of an extinct volcano, Rocca Monfina. Its St. Clement's cathedral is the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Teano-Calvi, which started as the Diocese of Teano circa AD 300. History Ancient times and Middle Ages The ancient ''Teanum Sidicinum'' was the capital of the Oscan tribe of the Sidicini, which drove the Aurunci from Roccamonfina. They probably submitted to Rome in 334 BC and their troops were grouped with those of Campania in the Roman army. Thus the garrison of Regium, which in 280 attacked the citizens, consisted of one cohort of Sidicini and two of Campanians. Like Cales, Teanum continued to have the right of coinage, and, like Suessa and Cales, remained faithful to Rome in both the Hannibalic and the Social wars. Its position gave it some military importance, and it was apparently mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sessa Aurunca
Sessa Aurunca is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Caserta, Campania, southern Italy. It is located on the south west slope of the extinct volcano of Roccamonfina, by rail west north west of Caserta and east of Formia. It is situated on the site of ancient Suessa Aurunca, near the river Garigliano. The hill on which Sessa lies is a mass of volcanic tuff. Toponym The name Sessa comes from '' Colonia Julia Felix Classica Suessa'', a city belonging to the ancient Auruncan Pentapolis, which is the historic core of the downtown. It is assumed that the name can be derived from the happy location ("sessio", that is, seat, gentle hill from the mild climate of the local territory). History The ancient chief town of the Aurunci, Suessa is sometimes identified with a site at over above the level of the sea, on the narrow south-western edge of the extinct crater of Roccamonfina. Here some remains of Cyclopean masonry exist; but the area enclosed, about , is too small for anythin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nola
Nola is a town and a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, southern Italy. It lies on the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines. It is traditionally credited as the diocese that introduced bells to Christian worship. History Prehistory Excavations at Nola-Croce del Papa have uncovered extensive evidence of a small village quickly abandoned at the time of the Avellino Eruption in the 17th century BC. This powerful eruption from Mount Vesuvius caused the inhabitants to leave behind a wide range of pottery and other artefacts. The foundations of their buildings are also preserved in imprints among the mud left by the eruption. Antiquity Nola was one of the oldest cities of Campania, with its most ancient coins bearing the name Nuvlana. It was later said to have been founded by the Ausones, who were certainly occupying the city by BC. It once vied in luxury with Capua. During the Roman invasion of Campania in the Samnite War in 32 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cales
Cales was an ancient city of Campania, in today's ''comune'' of Calvi Risorta in southern Italy, belonging originally to the Aurunci/ Ausoni, on the Via Latina. The Romans captured it in 335 BC and established a colony with Latin rights of 2,500 citizens. Cales was initially the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania. To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the inscription ''Caleno''. It was an important base in the war against Hannibal, and at last refused further contributions for the war. Before 184 BC more settlers were sent there. After the Social War it became a ''municipium''. The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed pottery, which was even exported to Etruria, made it prosperous. At the end of the 3rd century BC it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century (AD) it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with Tano since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere village. The cathedral, of the 12th century, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquino, Italy
Aquino () is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region of Italy, northwest of Cassino. The name comes from the Latin Aquinum, probably from ''aqua'', meaning "water" as witnessed by the abundance of water that still crosses the territory today, including many small springs. History The town was founded by the Volsci, who successfully defended it against Samnite invasions. After the Roman conquest in the 4th century BC, ''Aquinum'' became an important commercial and production centre situated on the ancient Via Latina. In 211 BC it was given the title of ''urbs'', previously the prerogative of Rome alone. In 125 BC the nearby town of Fregellae was destroyed and Aquinum grew to become the most important nucleus between Rome and Capua. Aquinum was a '' municipium'' in the time of Cicero, and made a colonia during the Triumvirate. Aquinum is thought to be the birthplace of the poet Juvenal, and also of emperor Pescennius Niger. The dio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietrabbondante
Pietrabbondante is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about northwest of Campobasso and about northeast of Isernia. Pietrabbondante borders the following municipalities: Agnone, Castelverrino, Chiauci, Civitanova del Sannio, Pescolanciano and Poggio Sannita. History Samnites and Romans Pietrabbondante's earliest known inhabitants were the Samnites, who arrived in Pietrabbondante in the 6th century BC. Many historians believe that it was home of the assemblies of the Samnite federal government. Although earlier scholarship thought this was the Samnite town called " Bovianum", this is now believed to be incorrect and the site is viewed as a Samnite sanctuary. The site has a single temple, a temple-theater complex, and numerous other structures. There seems to have been significant decrease in use after the loss of the Samnites and allies during the Social Wars, at the hands of Lucius Cornelius Sulla (89 BC). Excavatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiat Money
Fiat money is a type of government-issued currency that is not backed by a precious metal, such as gold or silver, nor by any other tangible asset or commodity. Fiat currency is typically designated by the issuing government to be legal tender, and is authorized by government regulation. Since the end of the Bretton Woods system in 1976 by the Jamaica Accords, the major currencies in the world are fiat money. Fiat money generally does not have intrinsic value and does not have use value. It has value only because the individuals who use it as a unit of account or, in the case of currency, a medium of exchange agree on its value. They trust that it will be accepted by merchants and other people as a means of payment for liabilities. Fiat money is an alternative to commodity money, which is a currency that has intrinsic value because it contains, for example, a precious metal such as gold or silver which is embedded in the coin. Fiat also differs from representative mone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulcan (mythology)
Vulcan (, in archaically retained spelling also ''Volcanus'', both pronounced ) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and Roman mythology, myth. He is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer. The Vulcanalia was the annual Roman festival, festival held August 23 in his honor. His interpretatio graeca, Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans (mythology), Sethlans. Vulcan belongs to the most ancient stage of Roman religion: Varro, the ancient Roman scholar and writer, citing the Annales Maximi, records that king Titus Tatius dedicated altars to a series of deities including Vulcan. Etymology The origin of the name is unclear. Roman tradition maintained that it was related to Latin words connected to lightning (), which in turn was thought of as related to flames. This interpretation is supported by Walter William Skeat in his et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Currency
Roman currency for most of Roman history consisted of gold, silver, bronze, orichalcum#Numismatics, orichalcum and copper coinage. From its introduction during the Roman Republic, Republic, in the third century BC, through Roman Empire, Imperial times, Roman currency saw many changes in form, denomination, and composition. A feature was the inflationary debasement and replacement of coins over the centuries. Notable examples of this followed the reforms of Diocletian. This trend continued with Byzantine currency. Due to the economic power and longevity of the Roman state, Roman currency was widely used throughout western Eurasia and northern Africa from classical times into the Middle Ages. It served as a model for the currencies of the List of Muslim states and dynasties, Muslim caliphates and the European states during the Middle Ages and the Modern Era. Roman currency names survive today in many countries via the Carolingian monetary system, such as the dinar (from the ''denari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
