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Closed List
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an open list. Closed list systems are still commonly used in party-list proportional representation, and most mixed electoral systems also use closed lists in their party list component. Many countries, however have changed their electoral systems to use open lists to incorporate personalised representation to their proportional systems. In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not. However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the positi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party-list System
A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves Political party, political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate Multiwinner elections, multi-winner elections. In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one Ticket (election), ticket. Voters can usually vote directly for the party-list, but in other systems voters may vote directly for individual candidates within or across party lists (such systems are referred to as open list and panachage), instead of voting directly for parties (mixed electoral systems). Most commonly, party-list systems refer to party-list proportional representation, but there are other electoral systems using party-lists including the general ticket (party block voting) and mixed electoral systems. Not only are not all party-list systems proportional, not all proportional systems are party-list systems. Candidates who won their seats from a party-list are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a seven-year term by the people. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo was re-elected unopposed on 15 December 2002. The Chamber of People's Representatives (''Cámara de Representantes del Pueblo'') has 100 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies. Equatorial Guinea is a dominant-party state. This means that only one political party, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE), is ''de facto'' allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties are ''de jure'' allowed to rule, they are ''de facto'' required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. According to Freedom House, Equatoguinean elections are "neither free nor fair." Latest elections Presidential elections Parliamentary elections Chamber of Deputies Senate See also * Electoral calendar * Electoral sys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Namibia
Elections in Namibia determine who holds public political offices in the country. Namibia is a semi-presidential system, semi-presidential representative democracy, representative democratic republic. It runs direct elections every five years for the position of the President of Namibia, president and seats in the National Assembly (Namibia), National Assembly, and every six years for the Regions of Namibia, Regional Councils and the distribution of seats in local authorities. The National Council (Namibia), National Council is indirect election, elected indirectly by the Constituencies of Namibia, constituency councillors of Namibia's 14 regions. The direct elections determining political positions are the 2019 Namibian general election for president and National Assembly, and the 2020 Namibian local and regional elections for Regional Councils and local authorities. Latest election President National Assembly Electoral system Namibia elects on national level a head of sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Mozambique
Mozambique elects representatives at several levels: * at national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The Assembly of the Republic (''Assembleia da República'') has 250 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. * at provincial level, since 2009 Provincial Assemblies, elected at the same time that the national elections. * at local level, since 1998 Municipal Elections to elect the leaders of the growing number of municipalities: the President of the Municipal Council and Municipal Assemblies. Latest election President Assembly Electoral commission law Mozambican elections are run by a National Election Commission (CNE), and the election law has changed often. In December 2012, a new law in regards to the composition of the election commission consists of eight political party representatives: five appointed by the incumbent FRELIMO, two appointed by the princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Morocco
Elections in Morocco are held on a national level for the legislature. Parliament has two chambers. The Assembly of Representatives of Morocco (''Majlis AL-Nuwab/Assemblée des Répresentants'') has 325 members elected for a five-year term, 295 elected in multi-seat constituencies and 30 in national lists consisting only of women. The Assembly of Councillors (''Majlis al-Mustasharin'') has 120 members, elected for a six-year term, elected by local councils (162 seats), professional chambers (91 seats) and wage-earners (27 seats). Morocco has had a multi-party system since independence in 1955, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. Since Morocco considers Western Sahara as part of its territory and administers large parts of it, the elections are also held there. Result in history 1963 Moroccan general election Latest election 2006 fraud affair In October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Montenegro
Montenegro holds national election for the Parliament and the office of President. Montenegro has a multi-party system with numerous parties. The Parliament has 81 members elected by a system of proportional representation using D'Hondt method for a four-year term. To enter the national parliament, parties have to surpass the electoral threshold of 3%, except for minority lists, for which that threshold does not apply. President is elected at large, with a second round runoff between the two first placed candidates, if no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round. Latest elections 2023 Parliamentary election 2023 Presidential elections See also * Electoral calendar * Electoral system An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, nonprofit organizations and inf ... External linksAdam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Moldova
Moldova elects a legislature at national level. The Parliament (''Parlamentul'') has 101 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation with a 6% electoral threshold. The President used to be elected for a four-year term by a constitutional majority of 60% members of the Parliament, but a Constitutional Court's ruling on 4 March 2016, reverted the election method of the President to a two-round system direct election. Parliamentary elections * 1917 Sfatul Țării election * 1941 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1946 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1950 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1954 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1958 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1962 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1966 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1970 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1974 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1979 * Elections in the Moldavian SSR, 1984 * 1990 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election * 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Lithuania
Elections in Lithuania are held to select members of the Seimas, parliament, the President of Lithuania, president, members of the municipal councils and mayors, as well as delegates to the European Parliament. Lithuanian citizens can also vote in mandatory or consultative Referendums in Lithuania, referendums. Lithuania was one of the first countries in the world to grant Women's suffrage, women a right to vote in the elections. Lithuanian women were allowed to vote by the Constitution of Lithuania#Interwar constitutions, 1918 Constitution of Lithuania and used their newly granted right for the first time in 1919. By doing so, Lithuania allowed it earlier than such democratic countries as the United States (1920), France (1945), and Switzerland (1971). Seventy-one of the members in the 141-seat parliament, elected to a four-year term, are elected in single-seat electoral district, constituencies, in a majority vote. The remaining 70 members are elected in a nationwide election b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a tenure of single six-year term by the people (previously, the term length was four years and briefly five years). The Supreme Council (''Joghorku Keneš'') is composed of 120 members filled by proportional representation. Latest elections Presidential elections Parliamentary elections Parliamentary elections 2005 69 seats were won by the ruling party and 6 were won by the opposition. Observers said there "some technical improvements over the first round" but stressed that there remained "significant shortcomings." Following the Tulip Revolution the incomplete results were never complete and the interim president, Kurmanbek Bakiev initially postponed a new round of elections to later in the year, but subsequently put them off beyond 2005. 2000 * Assembly of People's Representatives – 20 February and 12 March 2000 * Legislative Assembly – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Kazakhstan
Elections in Kazakhstan are held on a national level to elect a President and the Parliament, which is divided into two bodies, the Majilis (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). Local elections for maslihats (local representative bodies) are held every five years.Kazakhstan Legislation Online Elections are administered by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan. There are 7 legal political parties in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan’s political opposition is the most developed in the region in terms of its organizational ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Israel
Elections in Israel are based on nationwide proportional representation. The electoral threshold is currently set at 3.25%, with the number of seats a party receives in the Knesset being proportional to the number of votes it receives. The Knesset is elected for a four-year term, although most governments have not served a full term and early elections are a frequent occurrence. Israel has a multi-party system based on coalition governments as no party has ever won a majority of seats in a national election, although the Alignment (political party), Alignment briefly held a majority following its formation by an alliance of several different parties prior to the 1969 Israeli legislative election, 1969 elections. Suffrage is universal to all Israeli citizens above the voting age, age of 18. Israeli citizens living abroad have to travel to Israel in order to vote. Voting booths are made available on Israeli ships. Elections are overseen by the Israeli Central Elections Committee, Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Hong Kong
Elections in Hong Kong take place when certain political offices in the government need to be filled. Hong Kong has a multi-party system, with numerous List of political parties in Hong Kong, parties in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong is Non-partisan democracy, nonpartisan but can work with several parties to form a coalition government. Every four years, ninety representatives are chosen to sit on the unicameralism, unicameral Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). Twenty seats representing the geographical constituencies are returned by popular vote, thirty seats representing the Functional constituency (Hong Kong), functional constituencies are elected through smaller closed elections within business sectors, and the remaining forty seats representing the Election Committee (constituency), Election Committee constituency are chosen by members of the Election Committee (Hong Kong), Election Committee. The Chief Exec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
