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Clinocottus
''Clinocottus'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are nearshore benthic fishes native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. They are mentioned as sharpnose sculpins. Taxonomy ''Clinocottus'' was first proposed as a in 1861 by the American |
Lavender Sculpin
The lavender sculpin (''Leiocottus hirundo'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The lavender sculpin was first formally Species description, described by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard in 1556 with its Type locality (biology), type locality given as San Miguel Island near San Diego in California. ''Leiocottus hirundo'' is the only member of its genus. However, phylogenetically it falls within the diversity of the genus ''Clinocottus''. It is a sister taxon to ''Clinocottus analis''. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies the genus ''Leiocottus'' within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae, however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Psychrolutinae of the family Psychrolutidae. Etymology The lavender sculpin's genus name, ''Leiocottus'', is a combination of ''leios'' meaning "smooth" with '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychrolutidae
The fish family Psychrolutidae (commonly known as blobfishes, flathead sculpins, or tadpole sculpins) contains over 35 recognized species in 8 genera. This family consists of bottom-dwelling marine sculpins shaped like tadpoles, with large heads and bodies that taper back into small, flat tails. The skin is loosely attached and movable, and the layer underneath it is gelatinous. The eyes are placed high on the head, focused forward closer to the tip of the snout. Members of the family generally have large, leaf-like pectoral fins and lack scales, although some species are covered with soft spines. This is important to the species as the depths in which they live are highly pressurized and they are ambush/opportunistic/foraging predators that do not expend energy unless they are forced to. The blobfish has a short, broad tongue and conical teeth that are slightly recurved and are arranged in bands in irregular rows along the premaxillaries; canines are completely absent. Teeth are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottinae
Cottinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. The subfamily has species throughout the northern hemisphere in both marine and freshwater habitats. Genera The following genera are included within the subfamily Cottinae: References Cottidae Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte Ray-finned fish subfamilies {{Cottidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottidae
The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera.Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012)Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin. ''Zoology'' (Jena) 115(4), 223–32. They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families. Cottids are distributed worldwide, especially in boreal and colder temperate climates. The center of diversity is the northern Pacific Ocean. Species occupy many types of aquatic habitats, including marine and fresh waters, and deep and shallow zones. A large number occur in near-shore marine habitat types, such as kelp forests and shallow reefs. They can be found in estuaries and in bodies of fresh water. Most cottids are small fish, under in length. The earliest fossil remains of cottids are otoliths potentially assignable to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Gill
Theodore Nicholas Gill (March 21, 1837 – September 25, 1914) was an American ichthyologist, mammalogist, malacologist, and librarian. Career Born and educated in New York City under private tutors, Gill early showed interest in natural history. He was associated with J. Carson Brevoort in the arrangement of the latter's entomological and ichthyological collections before going to Washington, DC, in 1863 to work at the Smithsonian Institution. He catalogued mammals, fishes, and mollusks most particularly, although he maintained proficiency in other orders of animals. He was librarian at the Smithsonian and also senior assistant to the Library of Congress. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1867. Gill was professor of zoology at George Washington University. He was also a member of the Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. Fellow members frequently mocked him for his vanity. He was president of the American Asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. [Source for pronunciation.] It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthetic plants, and Xenarthra#Evolutionary relationships, edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottus (fish)
''Cottus'' is a genus of the mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are often referred to as the "freshwater sculpins", as they are the principal genus of sculpins to be found in fresh water. They are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic. They are small fish, mostly less than in length, although a few species can reach twice that size. Taxonomy ''Cottus'' was first proposed as a genus by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the ''Systema Naturae'' when he described the European bullhead (''Cottus gobio'') and in 1850 this species was designated as the type species of the genus by the French ichthyologist Charles Frédéric Girard. The 5th edition of the ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae. Other authorities have found that the Cottidae, as delimited in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World, is paraphyletic and that the monophyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blennies
Blennies (from the Greek and , mucus, slime) are a diverse clade of ray-finned fish in the suborder Blennioidei of the percomorph order Blenniiformes. They inhabit marine, brackish, and occasionally freshwater habitats, and generally share similar morphology and behaviour. About 151 genera and nearly 900 species have been described within the order. Taxonomy The order was formerly classified as a suborder of the Perciformes. However, the 5th Edition of ''Fishes of the World'' divided the Perciformes into a number of new orders and the Blenniiformes were placed in the percomorph clade Ovalentaria alongside the such taxa as Cichliformes, Mugiliformes and Gobiesociformes. ''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes'' added many more taxa, including the damselfishes and clingfishes, into the Blenniiformes, so the "true blennies" were redefined as the suborder Blennioidei. The six "true blenny" families are: * Blenniidae Rafinesque, 1810 - combtooth blennies, including the sabre-to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinus
''Clinus'' is a genus of clinids found in the southeastern Atlantic and western Indian Ocean. Species There are currently 19 recognized species in this genus on FishBase and 22 on WoRMS:Bailly, N. (2015). Clinus Cuvier, 1816. In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2015) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204318 on 2016-05-15 * '' Clinus acuminatus'' (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Sad klipfish) * '' Clinus agilis'' J. L. B. Smith, 1931 (Agile klipfish) * '' Clinus arborescens'' Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1908 * '' Clinus berrisfordi'' M. L. Penrith, 1967 (Onrust klipfish) * '' Clinus brevicristatus'' Gilchrist & W. W. Thompson, 1908 (Cape klipfish) * '' Clinus cottoides'' Valenciennes, 1836 (Bluntnose klipfish) * '' Clinus exasperatus'' Holleman, von der Heyden & Zsilavecz, 2012 * '' Clinus helenae'' (J. L. B. Smith, 1946) (Helen's klipfish) * ''Clinus heterodon'' Valenciennes, 1836 (Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zoological subfamily names with "-inae". Detarioideae is an example of a botanical subfamily. Detarioideae is a subdivision of the family Fabaceae (legumes), containing 84 genera. Stevardiinae is an example of a zoological subfamily. Stevardiinae is a large subdivision of the family Characidae, a diverse clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ... of freshwater fish. See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fishes Of The World
''Fishes of the World'' is a standard reference for the systematics of fishes. It was first written in 1976 by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011). Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the 30,000-plus fish species known to science. The book begins with a general overview of ichthyology, although it is not self-contained. After a short section on Chordata and non-fish taxa, the work lists all known fish families in a systematic fashion. Each family is given at least one paragraph, and usually a body outline drawing; large families have subfamilies and tribes described as well. Notable genera and species are mentioned, though the book does generally not deal with the species-level diversity. The complexities of the higher taxa are described succinctly, with many references for difficult points. The book does not contain any color illustrations. The fourth edition was the first to inco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
