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Chinese Orthodox Church
The Chinese Orthodox Church ( zh, t=中華東正教會, s=中华东正教会, p=Zhōnghuá Dōngzhèngjiàohuì, ) is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox Christian church in China. An organized Orthodox presence was maintained in the region as early as the 17th century as a child of the Russian Orthodox Church The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), p ..., which granted the Chinese Church autonomy in 1957 amidst its ongoing suppression in the Soviet Union. Earlier forms of Eastern Christianity Christianity is said to have entered China by the apostle Thomas around the year 68 AD, as part of his mission to India. There is also speculative evidence to suggest the missionary of a few Church of the East Assyrian people, Assyrian Christians during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220AD). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of The Intercession, Harbin
The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God in Harbin; ; is an Eastern Orthodox church in Harbin, China. This church is located in the "church street", north east of "Hongbo Square" (where St. Nicolas' Central Church used to be), on East Dazhi Avenue, where there are also Harbin Nangang Christian Church (Protestant) and Sacred Heart Cathedral of Harbin (Catholic). The Church of the Intercession, formerly also called the Ukrainian Church in Harbin, is currently the only Orthodox Church in Harbin, and indeed in all of mainland China, open to Chinese nationals for regular worship. Its summarized history is as follows: Radio Free Asia, May 1, 2016 (In Chinese) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Nerchinsk
The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 was the first treaty between the Tsardom of Russia and the Qing dynasty of China after the defeat of Russia by Qing China at the Siege of Albazin in 1686. The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River as far as the Stanovoy Range and kept the area between the Argun River and Lake Baikal. This border along the Argun River and Stanovoy Range lasted until the Amur Annexation via the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860. It opened markets for Russian goods in China, and gave Russians access to Chinese supplies and luxuries. The agreement was signed in Nerchinsk on 27 August 1689. The signatories were Songgotu on behalf of the Kangxi Emperor and Fyodor Golovin on behalf of the Russian tsars Peter I and Ivan V. The authoritative version was in Latin, with translations into Russian and Manchu, but these versions differed considerably. There was no official Chinese text for another two centuries, but the border m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon (Vinogradov)
Archbishop Simon (Vinogradov) of Shanghai and Beijing (Russian: Симон (Виноградов)) (1876 - February 24, 1933) was a clergyman of the Russian Orthodox Church and a hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia. He served as the head of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission from 1928 to 1933. Early life His secular name was Sergei Andreevich Vinogradov. He studied at seminary in Vladimir and later joined the Kazan Theological Academy where he met Anthony (Khrapovitsky), who was the rector of the seminary and the future Metropolitan of ROCOR. While at the academy he was tonsured a monk and took the name Simon and became a hierodeacon and later a hieromonk. After having graduated with a degree in theology in 1902 he was assigned to the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China. He was elevated to archimandrite in 1907. Episcopacy In the summer of 1922 Simon was ordained by Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) as the bishop of Shanghai, vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyacinth (Bichurin)
Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin (; – ), better known under his archimandrite monastic name Hyacinth, sometimes known as Joacinth or Iakinf, was one of the founding fathers of Russian Sinology. He translated many works from Chinese into Russian, which were then translated into other European languages. Biography Bichurin was born in Akulevo to a Russian half- Chuvash priest named Iakov and Russian mother Akulina Stepanova. He studied at a church choir school in Sviiazhsk and later at the Kazan Theological Seminary. He also studied Latin, Greek and French and his abilities were noticed by Archbishop Amvrosij Podobedov of the Russian Orthodox Church. He taught in Kazan Theological Seminary from 1799 and was anointed a monk in 1800 with the name of ''Iakinf'' or ''Hyacinth'' and tonsured, sent to promote Christianity in Beijing, where he spent the next 14 years. The genuine objects of his interest were Chinese history and language. He was forthwith accused of lacking religious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orphanage
An orphanage is a residential institution, total institution or group home, devoted to the care of orphans and children who, for various reasons, cannot be cared by their biological families. The parents may be deceased, absent, or abusive. There may be substance abuse or mental illness in the biological home, or the parent may simply be unwilling to care for the child. The legal responsibility for the support of abandoned children differs from country to country, and within countries. Government-run orphanages have been phased out in most developed countries during the latter half of the 20th century but continue to operate in many other regions internationally. It is now generally accepted that orphanages are detrimental to the emotional wellbeing of children, and government support goes instead towards supporting the family unit. A few large international charities continue to fund orphanages, but most are still commonly founded by smaller charities and religious group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Martyrs
Chinese Martyrs ( zh, t=中華殉道聖人, s=中华殉道圣人, first=t, w=Chung1-hua2 hsun4-tao4 shêng4-jên2, p=Zhōnghuá xùndào shèngrén) is the name given to a number of members of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church who were killed in China during the 19th and early 20th centuries. They are venerated as martyrs. Most were Chinese laity, laypersons, but others were clergy from various other countries; many of them died during the Boxer Rebellion. Eastern Orthodox The Eastern Orthodox Church recognizes 222 Orthodox Christians who died during the Boxer Rebellion as Holy Martyrs of China. On the evening of 11 June 1900 leaflets were posted in the streets, calling for the massacre of the Christians and threatening anyone who would dare to shelter them with death. They were mostly members of the Chinese Orthodox Church, which had been under the guidance of the Russian Orthodox Church since the 17th century and maintained close relations with them, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metrophanes, Chi Sung
Metrophanes, Chi Sung (Cháng Yángjí,常楊吉, his Chinese name is also sometimes translated as Tsi Chung) or Mitrophan (December 10, 1855 – June 10, 1900) was the first Chinese Eastern Orthodox priest to be martyred. He was killed with his family members and church followers in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion. He is the best known of some 222 Holy Chinese Martyrs glorified in August 2000 by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Metrophanes was stabbed in the chest by a crowd of rebels. Also considered martyrs are his wife Tatiana, whose Chinese name was Li, his sons, 23-year-old Isaiah and eight-year-old John, and Isaiah's nineteen-year-old fiancee Maria, who were all killed with him. Metrophanes was raised by his mother, Marina, and grandmother, Ekaterina, after his father died when he was a child. He was a shy, unassuming man who was educated for the priesthood at a Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in China. Church authorities urged him to become a priest, but they persuaded him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the "Boxers" in English due to many of its members having practised Chinese martial arts, which at the time were referred to as "Chinese boxing". It was defeated by the Eight-Nation Alliance of foreign powers. Following the First Sino-Japanese War, villagers in North China feared the expansion of foreign Spheres of influence#China, spheres of influence and resented the extension of privileges to Christian missionaries, who used them to shield their followers. In 1898, North China experienced several natural disasters, including the Yellow River flooding and droughts, which Boxers blamed on foreign and Christian influence. Beginning in 1899, the movement spread across Shandong and the North China Plain, destroying foreign pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladius (Kafarov)
Pyotr Ivanovich Kafarov (, pre-reform ), also known by his monastic name Palladius (Pre-reform Russian: Палла́дій; Modern Russian: Палла́дий; 29 September 1817, Chistopol – 18 December 1878, Marseille), was an early Russian sinologist. Biography Kafarov was born into the family of an Orthodox priest. He studied in Kazan seminary and Saint-Petersbourg Academy, from which he was sent to the Russian Orthodox Mission in China. Like his teacher Hyacinth (Bichurin), Palladius was a Russian Orthodox monk. During his stay in China, he discovered and published many invaluable manuscripts, including ''The Secret History of the Mongols''. During his scholarly career, Kafarov's works focused on Chinese linguistics, history, geography, and religion. Kafarov notably translated many Buddhist scriptures from Chinese, Mongolian, and Tibetan. Kafarov also studied the history of Christianity in imperial China and helped pioneer the study of Chinese Islam. For more tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Studies
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, History of China, history, Chinese culture, culture, Chinese literature, literature, Chinese philosophy, philosophy, Chinese art, art, Music of China, music, Cinema of China, cinema, and Science and technology in China, science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization." The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other Chinese literature, literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and Ancient Chinese literature, palaeography, among other su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sava Vladislavich
Count Sava Lukich Vladislavich-Raguzinsky (; , ''Sava Vladislavić Raguzinski''; 16 January 1669 – 17 June 1738) was a Russian and Serbian diplomat, merchant, adventurer. He was in the employ of Peter the Great. Vladislavich conducted important diplomatic negotiations in Constantinople, Rome and Beijing. His most lasting achievement was the Treaty of Kiakhta, which regulated relations between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire until the mid-19th century. He penned a number of pamphlets, monographs, treaties and letters concerned with liberating the lands of the Slavs, then occupied by the Ottoman Empire and the forces of Leopold I. Background Vladislavich was born in 1669, in the village of Jasenik near Gacko, Bosnia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire. His father, Luka Vladislavić, was a Serb landlord. The family was driven out from Gacko by the local Turks and settled in the Republic of Ragusa. His father's involvement in trade allowed Sava to be sent to the Republic of Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Kyakhta (1727)
The Treaty of Kyakhta (or Kiakhta), along with the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), regulated the relations between Imperial Russia and the Qing Empire of China until the mid-19th century. It was signed by Tulišen and Count Sava Lukich Raguzinskii-Vladislavich at the border city of Kyakhta on 23 August 1727. Results *Diplomatic and trade relations were established that lasted until the mid-19th century. *It established the northern border of Mongolia (what was then part of the Qing-Russian border). *The caravan trade from Kyakhta opened up (Russian furs for Chinese tea). Qing subjects are referred to as those from "Dulimbai gurun" in Manchu in the Treaty. Background By the 1640s Russian adventurers had taken control of the forested area north of Mongolia and Manchuria. From 1644, the rule of the Qing dynasty established its capital in Beijing and took control of the Central Plains region. In 1689 the Treaty of Nerchinsk established the northern border of Manchuria north of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
