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Chibchan Languages
The Chibchan languages (also Chibchan, Chibchano) make up a language family indigenous to the Isthmo-Colombian Area, which extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia and includes populations of these countries as well as Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. The name is derived from the name of an extinct language called ''Chibcha'' or ''Muysccubun'', once spoken by the people who lived on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense of which the city of Bogotá was the southern capital at the time of the Spanish Conquista. However, genetic and linguistic data now indicate that the original heart of Chibchan languages and Chibchan-speaking peoples might not have been in Colombia, but in the area of the Costa Rica-Panama border, where the greatest variety of Chibchan languages has been identified. External relations A larger family called ''Macro-Chibchan'', which would contain the Misumalpan languages, Xinca, and Lenca, was found convincing by Kaufman (1990). Pache (2018) suggests a dista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macro-Chibchan
Macro-Chibchan is a proposed grouping of the languages of the Lencan, Misumalpan, and Chibchan families into a single large phylum (macrofamily). History The Lencan and Misumalpan languages were once included in the Chibchan family proper, but were excluded pending further evidence as that family became well established. Kaufman (1990) finds the Chibchan–Misumalpan connection convincing, if as yet unsubstantiated, though Campbell (1997) finds it doubtful. The Xincan family was once included in Macro-Chibchan, but this is now doubtful. Constenla (2005) calls this proposed phylum ''Lenmichí'' (Lencan–Misumalpan–Chibchan) and provides 85 cognate sets which exhibit regular sound correspondences among the three families. He suggests that Chocoan may be related as well. Greenberg proposed a broader conception of Macro-Chibchan, one dismissed by linguists working on the families in question. It included Yanomam, Purépecha, and Cuitlatec in addition to Chibchan–Misumalpan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andaki Language
Andaqui (or Andaki) is an extinct language from the southern highlands of Colombia. It has been linked to the Paezan or Barbacoan languages, but no connections have been demonstrated. It was spoken by the Andaqui people of Colombia. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Paez, Chibcha (also proposed by Rivet 1924Rivet, Paul. 1924. La langue Andakí. ''Journal de la Société des Américanistes'', 16:99-110.), and Tinigua-Pamigua due to contact. Varieties Other unattested varieties possibly related to Andaqui that are listed by Loukotka (1968): *Timaná - once spoken on the Magdalena River and Guarapas River around the city of Timaná. *Yalcon / Cambi - once spoken between the Magdalena River and La Plata River. Vocabulary Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. : See also *Macro-Paesan languages Macro-Paesan (also spelled Macro-Paezan) is a proposal linking several small families and language isolates of no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabécar Language
The Cabécar language is an indigenous American language of the Chibchan language family spoken by the Cabécar people in the inland Turrialba Region, Cartago Province, Costa Rica. As of 2007, 2,000 speakers were monolingual. It is the only indigenous language in Costa Rica with monolingual adults. The language is also known by its dialect names Chirripó, Estrella, Telire, and Ujarrás. History Cabécar is considered to be one of a few "Chibcha-speaking tribes", categorized by similarities in the languages that they speak. Other Chibcha speaking tribes include the Bribri and the Boruca, also of Costa Rica. It is believed that the languages of the Chibcha speaking tribes shared a common ancestor around 8,000 years ago. However, differences in the languages are thought to have come about from the influence of outside people, including influences from Mesoamerica. Geographic distribution Cabécar is an endangered language spoken in Costa Rica. It is spoken by the Cabécar peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bribri Language
Bribri, also known as Bri-bri, Bribriwak, and Bribri-wak, is a Chibchan language, from a language family indigenous to the Isthmo-Colombian Area, which extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia and includes populations of those countries as well as Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. As of 2002, there were about 11,000 speakers left. An estimate by the National Census of Costa Rica in 2011 found that Bribri is currently spoken by 54.7% of the 12,785 Bribri people, about 7,000 individuals. It is a tonal language whose word order is subject–object–verb. There are three traditional dialects of Bribri: Coroma (in the western region of the Talamanca mountain range), Amubre (in the eastern region of the Talamanca mountain range) and Salitre (in the South Pacific area). ''Bribri'' is a tribal name, deriving from a word for "mountainous" in their own language. The Bribri language is also referred to as ''Su Uhtuk'', which means "our language." Bribri is reportedly most sim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huetar Language
Huetar (Güetar) is an extinct Chibchan language of Costa Rica that was spoken by the Huetar people. It served as the '' lingua franca'' for precolonial peoples in central Costa Rica, and went extinct in the 17th century. Only a few words in the language are currently known, preserved mainly in the names of various Costa Rican places, such as Aserrí, Barva, Curridabat, Turrialba, Tucurrique, and Ujarrás Ujarrás is a village and historical site in the Orosí Valley of Cartago Province in central Costa Rica, southeast of the provincial capital of Cartago. It lies near the northeastern bank of the man-made Lake Cachí, created by the damming o .... The main source of studies regarding the language is the Costa Rican linguist Miguel Ángel Quesada Pacheco. Bibliography * Chibchan languages Extinct languages of North America {{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talamanca Languages
The Talamanca languages are a well-defined branch of Chibchan languages spoken in central–southern Costa Rica and northern Panama. They are: : Huetar (Güetar), Bribri The Bribri are an Indigenous people in eastern Costa Rica and northern Panama. Today, most Bribri people speak the Bribri language or Spanish. There are varying estimates from government officials of the group's population. Estimates of the t ... (Talamanca), Cabécar (Talamanca), Chánguena, Teribe (Quequexque, Naso), and maybe Movere (Move). References {{authority control Chibchan languages Indigenous languages of Central America Languages of Costa Rica Languages of Panama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boruca Language
The Boruca language (in Boruca: Brúnkajk, also known as Bronka, Bronca, Brunca) is the native language of the Boruca people of Costa Rica. Boruca belongs to the Isthmian branch of the Chibchan languages. Though exact speaker numbers are uncertain, UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger has listed Boruca as "critically endangered". It was spoken fluently by only five women in 1986, while 30 to 35 others spoke it non-fluently. The rest of the tribe's 1,000 members speak Spanish. Boruca is taught as a second language at the local primary school Escuela Doris Z. Stone. One can hear Bronka words and phrases mixed into Spanish conversations but it is extremely rare to hear prolonged exchanges in Bronka. Grammar The personal pronouns in Boruca (the ᵛ represents a glottal stop.) The numbers (the "n̈", "n" with the diaeresis "¨" on top may be unavailable in some fonts, it represents a slightly different sound from the normal n or ñ.) Greetings ¿Ishójcre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buglere Language .
Buglere, also known as Bugle, Murire and Muoy, is a Chibchan language of Panama closely related to Guaymi. There are two dialects, Sabanero and Bokotá (Bogota), spoken by the Bokota people The Bokota, also called Bogotá or Bugleres, are an indigenous people of Panama. They live in Bocas del Toro and north of Veraguas. References Chibchan languages {{na-lang-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guaymí Language
Guaymí, or Ngäbere, also known as Movere, Chiriquí, and Valiente, is spoken by the indigenous Ngäbe people in Panama and Costa Rica. The people refer to themselves as ''Ngäbe'' (pronounced ) and to their language as ''Ngäbere'' . The Ngäbes are the most populous of Panama's several indigenous peoples. The language is centered in Panama within the semi-autonomous indigenous reservation known as the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé. Beginning in the 1950s, Costa Rica began to receive Ngäbe immigrants, where they are found in several indigenous reservations: Abrojos Montezuma, Conteburica, Coto Brus, Guaymí de Alto Laguna de Osa, and Altos de San Antonio.Murillo Miranda, J. M. (2009). The nominal phrase ngäbére. Forma y Función, 22(2), 43-69. Language family Ngäbere is part of the Chibchan language family, which is indigenous to an area that extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia. Ngäbere is one of two languages classified under a group called Guaymí. The other i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taruma Language
Taruma (''Taruamá'') is a divergent language of northeastern South America. It has been reported to be extinct several times since as far back as 1770, but Eithne Carlin discovered the last three speakers living in Maruranau among the Wapishana, and is documenting the language. The people and language are known as ''Saluma'' in Suriname. Classification Taruma is unclassified. It has been proposed to be distantly related to Katembri (Kaufman 1990), but this relationship has not been repeated in recent surveys of South American languages (Campbell 2012). History Taruma was spoken around the mouth of the Rio Negro during the late 1600s, but the speakers later moved to southern Guyana. In the 1940s, the Taruma tribe were reported to no longer exist as a distinct group.Campbell, Lyle. 2018. ''Language Isolates''. New York: Routledge. However, their presence has recently been confirmed in the Wapishana village of Marunarau, where they are recognized as a distinct tribe. Languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sape Language
Sape, SAPE, Sapë, or Sapé may refer to: People * Janet Sape (died 2017), businesswoman from Papua New Guinea * Lauvale Sape, (born 1980), American football player Places * Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë, Albania * Sapé, Paraíba, a municipality in Brazil * Sape, a municipality in Albania officially known as Vau i Dejës * Sape Strait, Indonesia Education and organizations * La Sape (''Société des Ambianceurs et des Personnes Élégantes''), a social movement centered in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo * , an ecological organization * Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, an international scientific society dedicated to the study of the evolution of birds; see ''Sapeornis'' Other uses * French destroyer ''Sape'' * Sapé language, a nearly extinct language spoken in Venezuela * Sape, a synonym for the Sarangesa genus of butterfly * Sape' or sapeh, a traditional lute in Borneo * SAPE, the stock symbol for Sapient Corporation Publicis Sapient is an American digi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
