Charles II François Frédéric De Montmorency-Luxembourg
Charles II François Frédéric de Montmorency (December 31, 1702 - May 18, 1764), was the eighth Duke of Piney-Luxembourg and the second Duke of Montmorency (Beaufort), prince of Aigremont and of Tingry, count of Bouteville, of Lassé 1, of Dangu and of Luxe, peer of France, marshal of France in 1757 and the governor of Normandy in 1762. He was the son of Charles I Francois Frederic de Montmorency-Luxembourg and grandson of Marshal François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg. His mother was Marie-Gilonne Gillier de Clérembault, daughter of René. He gave refuge to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the famous French philosopher, at the " Small Castle" at Montmorency during 1759–1762 (an area which was owned by Charles Le Brun and Pierre Crozat; was distinguished from another stay of Rousseau in Montmorency: Mont-Louis, previously offered by Mr. Mathas, tax attorney for the Prince of Condé) when he was quarreling with Madame d'Epinay, his protectress. Notes References * * Jea ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economis ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational thought. His '' Discourse on Inequality'' and ''The Social Contract'' are cornerstones in modern political and social thought. Rousseau's sentimental novel '' Julie, or the New Heloise'' (1761) was important to the development of preromanticism and romanticism in fiction. His ''Emile, or On Education'' (1762) is an educational treatise on the place of the individual in society. Rousseau's autobiographical writings—the posthumously published '' Confessions'' (composed in 1769), which initiated the modern autobiography, and the unfinished ''Reveries of the Solitary Walker'' (composed 1776–1778)—exemplified the late 18th-century " Age of Sensibility", and featured ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Marshals Of France
Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France). A Marshal of France displays seven stars on each shoulder strap. A marshal also receives a baton: a blue cylinder with stars, formerly fleurs-de-lis during the monarchy and eagles during the First French Empire. The baton bears the Latin inscription of ', which means "terror in war, ornament in peace". Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal Gene ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Nicolas Viton De Saint-Allais
Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais (1773 – 1842) was a French genealogist and littérateur. Biography Early life Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais was born on 6 April 1773 in Langres, France. Career During the French Revolution, he served as an Assistant to Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, 1st Count Brune (1763–1815). In 1808, he became a genealogist. His genealogical practice was called, "Bureau général de la Noblesse de France" (General Bureau of French Nobility).Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, ''Dictionnaire universelle de la noblesse de France'', vol. 1, 1820, p. 2 By 1820, his sold his practice to Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles (1759-1834). Death and legacy He died in 1842 in Paris. His son went on to serve in the French Foreign Legion.''Les Cahiers haut-marnais'', issues 168-175, 1987, p. 134. Bibliography * ( 6 volumes 4to Quarto (abbreviated Qto, 4to or 4º) is the format of a book or pamphlet produced from full sheets printed with eight pages ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (; HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, reference works, and fiction and non-fiction for both young readers and adults. The company is based in the Financial District, Boston, Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt (publisher), Harcourt Publishing. Prior to March 2010, it was a subsidiary of EMPG, Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. History Ticknor and Allen, 1832 In 1832, William Ticknor and John Allen purchased a bookselling business in Boston and began to involve themselves in publishing; James T. Fields joined as a partner in 1843. Fields and Ticknor gradually gathered an impressive list of writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau. The d ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Montmorency, Val-d'Oise
Montmorency () is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Montmorency was the fief of the Montmorency family, one of the oldest and most distinguished families of the French nobility. It is now a wealthy suburb of Paris. Name The name Montmorency was recorded for the first time in Medieval Latin as ''Mons Maurentiacus'' (attested in 993). ''Mons Maurentiacus'', literally "Mount Maurentiacus", was the name given to the promontory over which a castle was built in the Early Middle Ages. ''Maurentiacus'', the name of the area surrounding the promontory, meant "estate of Maurentius", probably a Gallo-Roman landowner. In 1689 Montmorency was officially renamed ''Enghien'', but the village on the slopes of the promontory was still referred to as "Montmorency" by most people. During the French Revolution, at the creation of French communes in 1790, the newly born commune was named Montmorency. Three years later in 1793, at the peak o ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Château De Montmorency (Val-d'Oise)
The Château de Montmorency was an 18th-century mansion in Montmorency, Val-d'Oise of which today only a few vestiges remain. History In 1670, Charles Le Brun, the first painter to King Louis XIV, acquired some land on which he built his country house, later called the "petit château" (small house). Following Le Brun's death in 1690, the property was bought in 1702 by the financier and art collector Pierre Crozat who had his own magnificent "grand château" (large house) built within the park to a design by the architect Jean-Sylvain Cartaud. He turned his country seat into the centre of social gatherings which inspired Crozat's protégé Antoine Watteau for some of his paintings. Crozat had an Orangery built by Gilles-Marie Oppenordt which survives today as the town's music conservatory. Description Crozat's grand château contained a chapel decorated in 1715-16 by Pierre Le Gros the Younger and paintings by Charles de La Fosse.Germaid Ruck, ''Lafosse, Charles de'' ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Duke Of Beaufort (France)
Duke of Beaufort (French: ''duc de Beaufort'') was a title in the French nobility. History The dukedom was first created in 1597 as a peerage for Gabrielle d'Estrées, Marchioness of Monceaux, the mistress of King Henry IV, with a remainder to their illegitimate son César, who later also became Duke of Vendôme. The duchy (i.e. the lands associated with the dukedom) was sold by the 5th Duke of Beaufort in 1688 to Charles François Frédéric de Montmorency-Luxembourg, who was created Duke of Beaufort without a peerage that same year. The dukedom of Beaufort was renamed dukedom of Montmorency in 1689. He later succeeded as Duke of Piney-Luxembourg. Dukes of Beaufort – first creation (1597) * 1597–1599 : Gabrielle, 1st Duchess of Beaufort (1571–1599) * 1599–1665 : César, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (1594–1665) * 1665–1669 : François, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (1616–1669) * 1669–1675 : Louis, 4th Duke of Beaufort (1612–1669) * 1675–1688 : Loui ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Duke Of Piney-Luxembourg
Duke of Piney (french: Duc de Piney) was a title in the Peerage of France. The holders were also sometimes called duc de Luxembourg, after the House of Luxembourg, from whom they were descended. History The duchy-peerage was created in 1581 for François de Luxembourg, third son of Antoine de Luxembourg, Count of Ligny and Brienne. He died in 1613 and was succeeded by his son: Henri de Luxembourg (1583–1616), second duke, was father of Marguerite-Charlotte de Luxembourg (1607–1680), heiress to the title. She married firstly, Léon d'Albert de Luynes (1582–1630), who became third duc de Piney ''jure uxoris''; he was the younger brother of Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes. Their son, Henri-Léon d'Albert de Luxembourg (1630–1697), fourth duke, resigned the peerage in 1661. His mother simultaneously resigned it to her daughter by her second marriage (the fourth duke's half-sister), Madeleine-Charlotte de Clermont de Luxembourg (1635–1701). She was the daughter of Charles ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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François-Henri De Montmorency, Duc De Luxembourg
François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg (8 January 1628 – 4 January 1695), and nicknamed "The Upholsterer of Notre-Dame" (''Le Tapissier de Notre-Dame''), was a French general and Marshal of France. A comrade and successor of the Great Condé, he was one of the most accomplished military commanders of the early modern period and is particularly noted for his exploits in the Franco-Dutch War and War of the Grand Alliance. Not imposing physically, as he was a slight man and hunchbacked, Luxembourg was nonetheless one of France's greatest generals. He never lost a battle in which he held command. Early years François Henri de Montmorency was born in Paris. His father, the François de Montmorency-Bouteville, had been executed six months before his birth for participating in a duel against the Marquis de Beuvron. His aunt, Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, Princess of Condé, took charge of him and educated him with ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |