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Charles, Prince Of Asturias
Don Carlos, Prince of Asturias (8 July 154524 July 1568), was the eldest son and heir apparent of King Philip II of Spain. His mother was Maria Manuela of Portugal, daughter of John III of Portugal. Carlos was known to be mentally unstable and was imprisoned by his father in early 1568, dying after half a year of solitary confinement. His imprisonment and death were utilized in Spain's Black Legend. His life inspired the play ''Don Carlos'' by Friedrich Schiller and the opera ''Don Carlos'' by Giuseppe Verdi. Life Carlos was born in Valladolid, Spain, on 8 July 1545 to double first cousins Philip of Spain and María Manuela of Portugal. His paternal grandfather, Emperor Charles V, was the reigning king of Spain. Carlos's mother, Maria, died four days after the birth of her son from a hemorrhage she had following the birth. Carlos was born with unequal leg length and lordosis, resulting in asymmetrical shoulders and stance. His physical abnormalities and behavioral issues a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Of Asturias
Prince or Princess of Asturias () is the main substantive title used by the heir apparent, or heir presumptive to the monarchy of Spain, Spanish Crown. According to the Spanish Constitution of 1978: The title originated in 1388, when King John I of Castile granted the dignitywhich included jurisdiction over the territory of AsturiasSuárez González 2000, p. 395. – to his first-born son Henry III of Castile, Henry. In an attempt to end the dynastic struggle between the heirs of Kings Peter of Castile, Peter I and Henry II of Castile, the principality was chosen as the highest jurisdictional lordship the King could grant that had not yet been granted to anyone.Suárez González 2000, p. 394. The custom of granting unique titles to royal heirs had already been in use in the Crown of Aragon (Prince of Girona) and the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England (Prince of Wales), and Kingdom of France, France (Dauphin of France, Dauphin of Viennois).Coronas González 2001, p. 53. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( ; ; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian composer best known for List of compositions by Giuseppe Verdi, his operas. He was born near Busseto, a small town in the province of Parma, to a family of moderate means, receiving a musical education with the help of a local patron, Antonio Barezzi. Verdi came to dominate the Italian opera scene after the era of Gioachino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, and Gaetano Donizetti, whose works significantly influenced him. In his early operas, Verdi demonstrated sympathy with the Risorgimento movement which sought the unification of Italy. He also served briefly as an elected politician. The chorus "Va, pensiero" from his early opera ''Nabucco'' (1842), and similar choruses in later operas, were much in the spirit of the unification movement, and the composer himself became esteemed as a representative of these ideals. An intensely private person, Verdi did not seek to ingratiate hims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
García Álvarez De Toledo Y Osorio
García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquess of Villafranca del Bierzo (29 August 1514 – 31 May 1577), was a Spanish general and politician. Biography He was born at Villafranca del Bierzo, the son of Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Maquesss of Villafranca, Viceroy of Naples between 1532 and 1553. His mother was Juana Pimentel, Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo. The Duke of Alba, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, was his first cousin. Among his many siblings was Eleonora of Toledo, wife of Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany. He started his military career under the command of Andrea Doria in the galleys of Naples, as commander of two ships. In 1535, already the commander of six galleys, he distinguished himself in the battles of La Goletta, Tunis, Algiers, Sfax, Calibria y Mebredia. After this he was named Capitain General of the Galleys of Naples. He was Capitain General of the expedition to Greece, and ''Capitán General del Mar'', a title he received in 1544 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Martínez Silíceo
Juan Martínez Silíceo (1486–1557) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop, cardinal and mathematician. Biography Juan Martínez Silíceo was born in Villagarcía de la Torre in 1486, the son of Juan Martínez Guijeno, a poor laborer, and Juana Muñoz. His last name is also given as Guijarro. Martínez studied grammar in Llerena, a small town near Villagarcía de la Torre, and then studied philosophy in Seville. To support himself, he served as a sacristan in the parish church in his home town. He then became the tutor of two sons of a gentleman in Valencia. He then moved on to the University of Paris to complete his studies. Afterwards, he became professor of moral philosophy at the ''Colegio de San Bartolomé'', University of Salamanca. After he was ordained as a priest, he became a professor of Christian theology. He then became the canon theologian of the cathedral chapter of the Cathedral of Coria. In July 1534, he was named tutor to Philip, Prince of Asturias, late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joanna Of Austria, Princess Of Portugal
Joanna of Austria (in Castilian, ''Doña Juana de Austria''; in Portuguese, ''Dona Joana de Áustria'', 24 June 1535 – 7 September 1573) was Princess of Portugal by marriage to João Manuel, Prince of Portugal. She served as regent of Spain for her brother Philip II during his trips to England to marry Mary I from 1554 to 1556, and 1556 to 1559. She was the mother of King Sebastian of Portugal. Married at 16 to her even younger husband, Joanna was widowed after two years, giving birth in the same month to her only child. Later that year Joanna returned to Spain at her father's request, leaving her young son in the care of her mother-in-law, who was also her aunt. She never saw Sebastian again, but corresponded and had portraits sent. In later life Joanna was active in religious affairs. Life Early years Born in Madrid, Joanna was the daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who was the first king of united Spain, officially King of Aragon and King of Castile a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Of Austria, Holy Roman Empress
Maria of Austria or Maria of Spain (21 June 1528 – 26 February 1603), also known as Isabel, was the empress consort and queen consort of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary. She served as regent of Spain in the absence of her father Emperor Charles V from 1548 until 1551 and was one of the most powerful empresses of the Holy Roman Empire. Early life Maria was born in Madrid, Spain to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, and Isabella of Portugal. She grew up mostly in Toledo and Valladolid with her siblings, Philip and Joanna. They built a strong family bond despite their father's regular absences. Maria and her brother, Philip, shared similar strong personal views and policies which they retained during the rest of their lives. As Regent of Spain On 15 September 1548, aged twenty, Maria married her first cousin Archduke Maximilian. Despite Maria's commitment to Habsburg Spain and her strong Catholic manners, the marriage was a hap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Don Carlos Spanien
Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (other), several other rivers with the name * Don, Benin, a town in Benin * Don, Dang, a village and hill station in Dang district, Gujarat, India * Don, Nord, a ''commune'' of the Nord ''département'' in northern France *Don, Tasmania, a small village on the Don River, located just outside Devonport, Tasmania *Don, Trentino, a commune in Trentino, Italy *Don, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Don Republic, a temporary state in 1918–1920 *Don Jail, a jail in Toronto, Canada *DON, Chapman code for County Donegal, Ireland People and characters Role or title *Don (honorific), a Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian title, given as a mark of respect * Don (academia), a fellow or tutor of a college or university in the U.K. and elsewhere *Don, a crime boss, especially in the Mafia People with the name *Don (given name), a short form of the masculine given name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coefficient Of Relationship
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921. The measure is most commonly used in genetics and genealogy. A coefficient of inbreeding can be calculated for an individual, and is typically one-half the coefficient of relationship between the parents. In general, the higher the level of inbreeding the closer the coefficient of relationship between the parents approaches a value of 1, expressed as a percentage, and approaches a value of 0 for individuals with arbitrarily remote common ancestors. Coefficient of relationship The coefficient of relationship r between two people B and C is obtained by a summation of coefficients calculated for every line by which they are connected to their identical ancestors point, common ancestors. Each such line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Aviz
The House of Aviz (Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Casa de Avis'' ), also known as the Joanine Dynasty (''Dinastia Joanina''), was a dynasty of Portuguese people, Portuguese origin which flourished during the Portuguese Renaissance, Renaissance and the period of the Portuguese discoveries, when History of Portugal (1415–1578), Portugal expanded its power globally. The house was founded by King John I of Portugal, Grand-Master of the Order of Aviz and illegitimate son of King Peter I of Portugal, Pedro I (of the Portuguese House of Burgundy), who ascended to the throne after successfully pressing his claim during the 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum. Aviz monarchs would rule Portugal through the Age of Discovery, establishing Portugal as a global power following the creation of the Portuguese Empire. In 1494, Pope Alexander VI divided the world under the dominion of Portugal and Spain with the Treaty of Tordesillas. The House of Aviz has produced numerous prominent figures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inbreeding
Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely genetic distance, related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from expression of wikt:deleterious, deleterious dominance (genetics), recessive traits resulting from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity. Animals avoid inbreeding only rarely. Inbreeding results in homozygous, homozygosity which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive phenotypic trait, traits. In extreme cases, this usually leads to at least temporarily decreased Fitness (biology), biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is colloquially referred to as ''inbred''. The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive allel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lordosis
Lordosis is historically defined as an ''abnormal'' inward curvature of the lumbar spine. However, the terms ''lordosis'' and ''lordotic'' are also used to refer to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical vertebrae, cervical regions of the human vertebral column, spine. Similarly, kyphosis historically refers to ''abnormal'' convex curvature of the spine. The normal outward (convex) curvature in the thoracic and sacrum, sacral regions is also termed ''kyphosis'' or ''kyphotic''. The term comes . Lordosis in the human vertebral column, human spine makes it easier for humans to bring the bulk of their mass over the pelvis. This allows for a much more efficient walking Gait (human), gait than that of other primates, whose inflexible spines cause them to resort to an inefficient forward-leaning "bent-knee, bent-waist" gait. As such, lordosis in the human spine is considered one of the primary physiological adaptations of the human skeleton that allows for human gait ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unequal Leg Length
Unequal leg length (also termed leg length inequality, LLI or leg length discrepancy, LLD) is often a disabling condition where the legs are either different lengths (structurally), or appear to be different lengths, because of misalignment (functionally). Unequal leg length with a very small degree of difference can be common; small inequalities in leg length may affect 40%-50% of the human population. It has been estimated that at least 0.1% of the population have a difference greater than . , that is approximately 8.1 million people total in the human population. Classification There are two main types of leg length discrepancy: * ''Structural'' differences are caused by the leg bones themselves being measurably different in length. Usually due to differences in the length of the femur in the thigh or the tibia and fibula bones in the lower leg. This may be a birth defect or it may occur after a broken leg, serious infection, or local damage to one of the growth plates in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
