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Chapter 9, Title 11, United States Code
Chapter 9, Title 11, United States Code is a chapter of the United States Bankruptcy Code, available exclusively to municipalities and assisting them in the restructuring of their debt. On July 18, 2013, Detroit, Michigan became the largest city in the history of the United States to file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection. Jefferson County, Alabama, in 2011, and Orange County, California, in 1994, are also notable examples. The term 'municipality' denotes "a political subdivision or public agency or instrumentality of a State," but does not include a state itself. States are therefore unable to file for bankruptcy even though they have defaulted in their obligations. History The first municipal bankruptcy legislation was enacted in 1934 during the Great Depression. Although Congress attempted to draft the legislation so as not to interfere with the sovereign powers of the states guaranteed by the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Supreme Court held the 1934 Act u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bankruptcy In The United States
In the United States, bankruptcy is largely governed by federal law, commonly referred to as the "Bankruptcy Code" ("Code"). The United States Constitution (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 4) authorizes Congress to enact "uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States". Congress has exercised this authority several times since 1801, including through adoption of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, as amended, codified in Title 11 of the United States Code and the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA). Some laws relevant to bankruptcy are found in other parts of the United States Code. For example, bankruptcy crimes are found in Title 18 of the United States Code (Crimes). Tax implications of bankruptcy are found in Title 26 of the United States Code (Internal Revenue Code), and the creation and jurisdiction of bankruptcy courts are found in Title 28 of the United States Code (Judiciary and Judicial procedure). Bankruptc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington Public Power Supply System
Energy Northwest (formerly Washington Public Power Supply System) is a public power joint operating agency in the northwest United States, formed in 1957 by Washington state law to produce at-cost power for Northwest utilities. Headquartered in the Tri-Cities at Richland, Washington, the WPPSS became commonly (and derisively) known as "Whoops!", due to over-commitment to nuclear power in the 1970s which brought about financial collapse and the second largest municipal bond default in U.S. history. WPPSS was renamed Energy Northwest in November 1998, and agency membership includes 28 public power utilities, including 23 of the state's 29 public utility districts. Energy Northwest is governed by two boards: an executive board and a board of directors. The executive board has 11 members: five representatives from the board of directors, three gubernatorial appointees and three public representatives selected by the board of directors. The board of directors includes a representat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prichard, Alabama
Prichard is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 19,322 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, and was estimated to be 18,816 in 2023. Prichard borders the north side of Mobile, Alabama, Mobile, as well as the Mobile suburbs of Chickasaw, Alabama, Chickasaw, Saraland, Alabama, Saraland, and the unincorporated sections of Eight Mile, Alabama, Eight Mile. History Prichard began as a settlement in the 1830s, bordering Telegraph Road (known now as U.S. Highway 43). It was named for Cleveland Mason Prichard (1840-1899), who purchased a tract of land (1879) on the east side of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio [GM&O] Railroad track and developed it into a vegetable-shipping point for markets in the North and East. This business model was copied by entrepreneurs throughout Florida, Texas and other states. Newspapers of the time referred to Cleveland Prichard as "The Vegetable King." Cleveland's brother, Hardy, worked with him in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinloch, Missouri
Kinloch is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, St. Louis County, Missouri. The population was 263 as of the 2020 census. The oldest African-American community to be incorporated in Missouri, Kinloch was home to a vibrant and flourishing black community for much of the 19th and 20th century. It began to decline in the 1980s, when St. Louis began to buy up property due to an FAA noise-abatement program for nearby St. Louis Lambert International Airport. Between 1990 and 2000, Kinloch lost more than 80 percent of its population, and the city became an increasingly violent and dangerous place to live. In recent years, there have been efforts to rebuild the city. History The current city of Kinloch grew up around Kinloch Park, a commuter suburb first developed in the 1890s. A Mrs. "B" and her husband are thought to be the first black family to purchase a home in Kinloch Park. As soon as the neighbors discovered the new owners were black they sold their properties, and new sales to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloomberg L
Bloomberg may refer to: People * Daniel J. Bloomberg (1905–1984), audio engineer * Georgina Bloomberg (born 1983), professional equestrian * Michael Bloomberg (born 1942), American businessman and founder of Bloomberg L.P.; politician and mayor of New York City (2002–2013) * Ramon Bloomberg (born 1972), American artist and film director Other uses * Bloomberg L.P., financial news and media company founded by Michael Bloomberg ** Bloomberg News Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg T ..., a news agency ** '' Bloomberg Businessweek'', weekly business magazine and website ** '' Bloomberg Markets'', a monthly financial magazine ** Bloomberg Radio, a business radio network ** Bloomberg Television, a business news channel *** Bloomberg TV Canada *** Bloomberg TV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Citron
Robert Lafee Citron (April 14, 1925 – January 16, 2013) was the longtime Treasurer-Tax Collector of Orange County, California, when it declared Chapter 9 bankruptcy on December 6, 1994. The bankruptcy was brought on by Citron's investment strategies, which seemed to be an effort to earn high incomes for the county, without raising taxes, through risky, leveraged positions in bonds. The strategy paid out at first. In 1994, a cash crunch occurred when interest rates increased and financiers for the county required increased collateral from the county. It was later revealed that Citron relied upon a mail-order astrologer and a psychic for interest rate predictions as the county's finances began to falter. Early life Born in Los Angeles, Citron grew up in Burbank and Hemet. His father, Jesse, was the doctor who put an end to alcoholic W. C. Fields's love of scotch. He attended the University of Southern California but did not graduate. In 1960 he was hired by the Tax Collec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montgomery, Alabama
Montgomery is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama. Named for Continental Army major general Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River on the Gulf Coastal Plain. The population was 200,603 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is the List of municipalities in Alabama, third-most populous city in the state, after Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville and Birmingham, Alabama, Birmingham, and the List of United States cities by population, 133rd-most populous in the United States. The Montgomery metropolitan area's population in 2022 was 385,460; it is the fourth-largest in the state and 142nd among Metropolitan statistical area, U.S. metropolitan areas. Montgomery is the county seat, seat of Montgomery County, Alabama, Montgomery County. The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River. It replaced Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Tuscaloosa as the state capital in 1846, representing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit organization, not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to its members, major U.S. daily newspapers and radio and television broadcasters. Since the award was established in 1917, the AP has earned 59 Pulitzer Prizes, including 36 for photography. The AP is also known for its widely used ''AP Stylebook'', its AP polls tracking National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA sports, sponsoring the National Football League's annual awards, and its election polls and results during Elections in the United States, US elections. By 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters. The AP operates 235 news bureaus in 94 countries, and publishes in English, Spanish, and Arabic. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides twice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Courtland, Alabama
North Courtland is a town in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Decatur Metropolitan Area, as well as the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. It incorporated in 1981. At the 2010 census, the population of the town was 632, down from 799 in 2000. Along with Hillsboro, it is one of two majority black communities in Lawrence County out of its six populated communities as of 2010.2000 & 2010 U.S. Census figures on Lawrence County, Alabama Communities Geography North Courtland is located at . According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census 2000 census At the 2000 census, there were 799 people, 330 households and 206 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 366 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 2.38% White, 97.50% Black or African American and 0.13% Native American. 0.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Bonneville, Washington
North Bonneville is a city along the Columbia River in Skamania County, Washington, Skamania County, Washington (state), Washington, United States. The population was 1,397 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It lies within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area on the north side of Bonneville Dam complex. The city was originally developed to house the dam's construction workers in the 1930s and later relocated from its original site in the 1970s to accommodate new dam facilities. History The community of North Bonneville developed as a construction town next to the massive Bonneville Lock, Dam, and powerhouse project begun in late 1933. North Bonneville was officially incorporated on June 25, 1935. The Columbia's north shore where North Bonneville had grown was selected by federal agencies in 1971 as the site for the second Powerhouse. Faced with the prospect of being displaced and disbanded the townspeople determined to relocate as a community. Intense ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipscomb, Alabama
Lipscomb is a city in western Jefferson County, Alabama. It is part of the Birmingham, Alabama, metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,086. It does not have its own U.S. Post Office or ZIP code, instead sharing the Bessemer ZIP code (35020). Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,086 people, 737 households, and 391 families residing in the city. 2010 census At the 2010 census, there were 2,210 people, 812 households, and 554 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 950 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 61.0% Black or African American, 22.0% White, 1.1% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 15.0% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. 19.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 812 households 28.9% had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
