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Catholic Church Doctrine On The Ordination Of Women
In the liturgical traditions of the Catholic Church, the term ''ordination'' refers to the means by which a person is included in one of the holy orders of bishops, priests, or deacons. The teaching of the Catholic Church on ordination, as expressed in the 1983 ''Code of Canon Law'', the ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'', and '' Ordinatio sacerdotalis'' (an apostolic letter), is that only a Catholic male validly receives ordination ('' ex opere operato''), and "that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful." In other words, the male priesthood is not considered by the church a matter of policy but an unalterable requirement of God. As with priests and bishops, the church ordains only men as deacons. The ''Catholic News Service'' reports that the church does not ordain anyone who has undergone sex reassignment surgery and gives a "recommendation of psychiatri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epistle To The Romans
The Epistle to the Romans is the sixth book in the New Testament, and the longest of the thirteen Pauline epistles. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by Paul the Apostle to explain that Salvation (Christianity), salvation is offered through the gospel of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Romans was likely written while Paul was staying in the house of Gaius (biblical figure), Gaius in Ancient Corinth, Corinth. The epistle was probably transcribed by Paul's amanuensis Tertius of Iconium, Tertius and is dated AD late 55 to early 57. Ultimately consisting of 16 chapters, versions of the epistle with only the first 14 or 15 chapters circulated early. Some of these recensions lacked all reference to the original audience of Christians in Rome, making it very general in nature. Other textual variants include subscripts explicitly mentioning Corinth as the place of composition and name Phoebe (biblical figure), Phoebe, a deacon of the church in Kechries, Cenchreae, as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is List of Christian denominations by number of members, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity, with approximately 230 million baptised members. It operates as a Communion (Christian), communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its Bishop (Orthodox Church), bishops via local Holy Synod, synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the pope of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by them as ''primus inter pares'' (), a title held by the patriarch of Rome prior to 1054. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played an especially prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Since 2018, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presbytera
''Presbytera'' (, pronunciation: /prezviˈtera/) is a term used in Christian traditions, primarily within Eastern Orthodoxy, to denote the wife of a priest. Historically, the term, derived from the Greek ''presbyteros'' ("elder" or "priest"), held multiple meanings in early Christianity, including a female church officer, a cloister matron, an abbess, or a priest’s wife. Over time, its usage evolved, particularly from the medieval period onward, to primarily signify the spousal role in both Greek and Latin Christian contexts. In contemporary Orthodox churches, the presbytera is recognized as a respected figure within the parish, often contributing to her husband’s ministry through social, spiritual, and sometimes professional roles, though she holds no ordained office. Etymology The term ''presbytera'' (πρεσβυτέρα) or ''presbyterissa'' (πρεσβύτις) appears in early Christian writings with multiple meanings: it could denote: * a priest’s wife * a female ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Paschal I
Pope Paschal I (; died 824) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824. Paschal was a member of an aristocratic Roman family. Before his election to the papacy, he was abbot of St. Stephen's monastery, which served pilgrims. In Rome in 823 he crowned Lothair I as Holy Roman Emperor. He rebuilt a number of churches in Rome, including three basilicas. Early life According to the ''Liber Pontificalis'', Paschal was a native of Lazio Rome born Pascale Massimi and son of Bonosus and Episcopa Theodora. The '' Liber Censuum'' says that Paschal was from the Massimi branch of the Massimo family, as was his predecessor, Stephen IV.Goodson, 2010, p. 9 & n.13. Pope Leo III placed Paschal in charge of the monastery of St Stephen of the Abyssinians, where his responsibilities included the care of pilgrims visiting Rome. According to early modern accounts, Leo III may have elevated Paschal as the cardinal priest of Santa Prassede.Goodson, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Episcopa Theodora
Theodora, mother of Pope Paschal I and wife of Bonusus, lived in the early 9th century CE and is depicted in a mosaic in the Church of Santa Prassede, Rome (c. 900 CE), with the title " Episcopa." Scholars debate whether this indicates she was a female bishop or if it was an honorific title bestowed by her son. Pope Paschal I’s esteem for her is evident in the Chapel of Bishop Zeno, which he built in her honor within the church. Mosaic & inscription Theodora Episcopa During his papacy from 817 to 824 CE, Pope Paschal I relocated the relics of 2,300 martyrs from the catacombs to the San Zeno chapel in Santa Prassede, a space he constructed for his mother, Theodora Episcopa. A ninth-century (c. 900 CE) mosaic within the chapel features four women: the Virgin Mary, Saints Praxedis, and Prudentiana, each adorned with round golden halos symbolizing sainthood, and Theodora Episcopa, distinguished by a square white halo, indicating she was a living holy person at the time of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virgin Mary
Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Saint Joseph, Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is an important figure of Christianity, venerated under titles of Mary, mother of Jesus, various titles such as Perpetual virginity of Mary, virgin or Queen of Heaven, queen, many of them mentioned in the Litany of Loreto. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican, Methodist, Reformed Christianity, Reformed, Baptist, and Lutheran churches believe that Mary, as mother of Jesus, is the Theotokos, Mother of God. The Church of the East historically regarded her as Christotokos, a term still used in Assyrian Church of the East liturgy. Other Protestant views on Mary vary, with some holding her to have lesser status. She has the Mary in Islam, highest position in Islam among all women and is mentioned numerous times in the Quran, including in a chapter Maryam (surah), named after her.Jestice, Phyllis G. ''Holy people of the world: a cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Prassede
The Basilica of Saint Praxedes (, ), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval titulus (Roman Catholic), titular church and minor basilica located near the papal basilica of Saint Mary Major, on Via di Santa Prassede, Monti (rione of Rome), rione Monti in Rome, Italy. The current Cardinal Priest of ''Titulus Sancta Praxedis'' is Paul Poupard. The church is dedicated to the second-century Praxedes, Saint Praxedes, who with her sister Saint Pudentiana, Pudentiana, was said to have provided comfort and care to Christians persecuted in the Roman Empire. Since 1198 it has been served by Benedictine monks of the Vallombrosians, Vallombrosian order. History The church incorporates mosaic decoration that mark it among the oldest churches in Rome. The ''Titulus S. Praxedis'' was established by Pope Evaristus, Pope St. Evaristus in c. 112 and church near this site was present since at least the fifth century. The church in its current place and general layout was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucharist
The Eucharist ( ; from , ), also called Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament or the Lord's Supper, is a Christianity, Christian Rite (Christianity), rite, considered a sacrament in most churches and an Ordinance (Christianity), ordinance in others. Christians believe that the rite was instituted by Jesus at the Last Supper, the night before Crucifixion of Jesus, his crucifixion, giving his Disciple (Christianity), disciples bread and wine. Passages in the New Testament state that he commanded them to "do this in memory of me" while referring to the bread as "my body" and the cup of wine as "the blood of my covenant, which is poured out for many". According to the synoptic Gospels, this was at a Passover meal. The elements of the Eucharist, sacramental bread, either Leavening agent, leavened or Unleavened bread, unleavened, and sacramental wine (non-alcoholic grape juice in some Protestantism, Protestant traditions, such as Methodism), are consecrated on an altar or a communio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Gelasius I
Pope Gelasius I was the bishop of Rome from 1 March 492 to his death on 21 November 496. Gelasius was a prolific author whose style placed him on the cusp between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.The title of his biography by Walter Ullmann expresses this:''Gelasius I. (492–496): Das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter'' (Stuttgart) 1981. Some scholars have argued that his predecessor Felix III may have employed him to draft papal documents, although this is not certain. During his pontificate he called for strict Catholic orthodoxy, more assertively demanded obedience to papal authority, and, consequently, increased the tension between the Western and Eastern Churches. Surprisingly, he also had cordial relations with the Ostrogothic Kingdom, Ostrogoths, who were Arianism, Arians (i.e. Nontrinitarianism, Non-trinitarian Christians), and therefore perceived as Heresy in Christianity, heretics from the perspective of Nicene Christianity, Nicene Christians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostles In The New Testament
In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary Disciple (Christianity), disciples of Jesus according to the New Testament. During the Life of Jesus in the New Testament, life and ministry of Jesus in the Christianity in the 1st century, 1st century AD, the apostles were his closest followers and became the primary teachers of the gospel message of Jesus. There is also an Eastern Christianity, Eastern Christian tradition derived from the Gospel of Luke that there were Seventy disciples, seventy apostles during the time of Jesus' ministry. The commissioning of the Twelve Apostles during the ministry of Jesus is described in the Synoptic Gospels. After his Resurrection of Jesus, resurrection, Jesus sent eleven of them (as Judas Iscariot by then had Judas Iscariot#Death, died) by the Great Commission to spread his teachings to all nations. In the Pauline epistles, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junia (New Testament Person)
Junia or Junias (/, /) was a Christian in the first century known from Paul the Apostle's letter to the Romans. There has been dispute surrounding both Junia's gender and apostolic status, although she has been viewed as female through most of Christian history as well as by the majority of scholars. The precise nature of her apostolic status, however, has been more debated. With the exception of the reference to a masculine "Junias" in the ''Index Discipulorum'', purportedly from Epiphanius of Salamis (fourth century), the first texts regarding Junia as a male named Junias come from 12th century manuscripts and the first named author to describe Junia as a male was Giles of Rome in the 13th century. Romans 16:7 is the only place in the New Testament where Junia is named, although some have also identified her with a woman from the Gospels named Joanna, the wife of Chuza, who appears in Luke 8:1–3 and the narrative where the women visit the tomb of Jesus towards the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
