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Castlereagh–Canning Duel
The Castlereagh–Canning duel was a pistol duel between the British Empire, British Minister of War Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Viscount Castlereagh and Foreign Secretary George Canning, which took place on September 21, 1809, at Putney Heath. The reasons for the duel were the rivalry between the two politicians and numerous disagreements between them over the conduct of the war against First French Empire, Napoleonic France in 1808 and 1809. These differing opinions ultimately led to Canning's demand for a new appointment to the War Office in the spring of 1809, accompanied by a threat of his own resignation. The incumbent Prime Minister, the William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Duke of Portland, was reluctant to lose either Canning or Castlereagh and delayed a decision for an extended period. Instead, the matter was discussed with various members of the Cabinet (government), Cabinet and also King George III without the knowledge of Castlereagh, who only be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Canning And Castlereagh
Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (jars like Mason jars, and steel and tin cans). Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried lentils, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state. In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the ''Bertrand (steamboat), Bertrand'', a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat. History and development French origins Shortly before the Napoleonic Wars, the French government offered a hefty cash award of 12,000 francs to any inventor who could devise a cheap and effective method of preser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Heir Apparent
An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more eligible heir is known as an heir presumptive. Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles (e.g. titles of nobility) or offices, especially when only inheritable by a single person. Most monarchies refer to the heir apparent of their thrones with the descriptive term of ''crown prince'' or ''crown princess'', but they may also be accorded with a more specific substantive title: such as Prince of Orange in the Netherlands, Duke of Brabant in Belgium, Prince of Asturias in Spain (also granted to heirs presumptive), or the Prince of Wales in England and Wales; former titles include Dauphin in the Kingdom of France, and Tsesarevich in Imperial Russia. The term is also applied metaphorically to an expected succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bête Noire
''Bête noire'' ("black beast" in French, meaning something that is an object of aversion or the bane of one’s existence) may refer to: * ''Bête Noire'' (album), a 1987 album by Bryan Ferry * ''Bête Noire'' (comics), a 2005 comics anthology * "Bête Noire" (''NCIS''), a 2004 TV episode * "Bête Noire" (''Black Mirror''), an episode of the seventh series of ''Black Mirror'' See also * Black Beast (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
John Campbell (biographer)
John Campbell (born 1947) is a British political writer and biographer. He has 10 grandchildren and 2 biological children and 2 step children. He was educated at Charterhouse and the University of Edinburgh from where he gained a Ph.D. in politics in 1975. His works include biographies of Lloyd George, F. E. Smith, Aneurin Bevan, Roy Jenkins, Edward Heath, and Margaret Thatcher, the last consisting of two volumes, ''The Grocer's Daughter'' (2000) and ''The Iron Lady'' (2003). A one-volume abridgment prepared by David Freeman (a historian of Britain teaching at California State University, Fullerton), entitled ''The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher, From Grocer's Daughter to Prime Minister,'' was published in 2009 and reissued in paperback in 2011. He was awarded the NCR Book Award for his biography of Heath in 1994. He has also written, ''If Love Were All ... the story of Frances Stevenson & David Lloyd George'' (2006) and ''Pistols At Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Riva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville
William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville (25 October 175912 January 1834) was a British Pittite Tory politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1806 to 1807, but was a supporter of the Whigs (British political party), Whigs for the duration of the Napoleonic Wars. As prime minister, his most significant achievement was the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. However, his government failed to either make peace with First French Empire, France or to accomplish Catholic emancipation and it was dismissed in the same year. Background Grenville was the son of the Whig Prime Minister George Grenville. His mother, Elizabeth Grenville, Elizabeth, was the daughter of the Tory statesman Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet. He had two elder brothers: Thomas Grenville, Thomas and George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, George. He was thus uncle to the 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. He was also related to the Pitt family by marriage since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Secretary Of State For War And The Colonies
The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet-level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India). The Secretary was supported by an Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. History The Department was created in 1801. In 1854 it was split into the separate offices of Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for the Colonies The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom's government minister, minister in charge of managing certain parts of the British Empire. The colonial secretary never had responsibility for t .... List of secretaries of state (1801–1854) ;Notes: UK History of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office References {{DEFAULTSORT:Secretary Of State For War And The Colonies War and the Colonies 1801 establishments in the United Kingdom 1854 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Defunct ministerial offices in the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Leader Of The House Of Commons
The Leader of the House of Commons is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom whose main role is organising government business in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons. The Leader is always a member or attendee of the cabinet of the United Kingdom. The House of Commons devotes approximately three-quarters of its time to debating and explaining government business, such as Bill (law), bills introduced by the government and ministerial statements. The Leader of the House of Commons, with the parties' Chief Whip, chief whips ("the usual channels"), is responsible for organising government business and providing time for non-government (backbench) business to be put before the House of Commons. The position of leader of the House of Commons is currently held by Lucy Powell, who was appointed on 5 July 2024 by Keir Starmer. Responsibilities The current responsibilities of the Leader of the House of Commons are as follows: *Planning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Second Pitt Ministry
Former prime minister William Pitt the Younger reassumed the premiership of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1804, succeeding Henry Addington as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. This second ministry was cut short by Pitt's 1806 death. Cabinet Changes *January 1805 **Lord Mulgrave succeeds Lord Harrowby as Foreign Secretary. ** Lord Buckinghamshire (Lord Hobart before November 1804) succeeds Mulgrave at the Duchy of Lancaster. ** Lord Sidmouth succeeds the Duke of Portland as Lord President. Portland becomes a minister without portfolio A minister without portfolio is a government minister without specific responsibility as head of a government department. The sinecure is particularly common in countries ruled by coalition governments and a cabinet with decision-making authorit .... *April 1805 Lord Barham succeeds Lord Melville as First Lord of the Admiralty. *July 1805 **Lord Harrowby succeeds Lord Buckinghamshire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Henry Addington
Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (30 May 175715 February 1844) was a British Tories (British political party), Tory statesman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804 and as Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speaker of the House of Commons from 1789 to 1801. Addington is best known for obtaining the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, an unfavourable peace with First French Empire, Napoleonic France which marked the end of the War of the Second Coalition, Second Coalition during the French Revolutionary Wars. When that treaty broke down, Addington resumed the war without allies. He conducted relatively weak defensive hostilities, ahead of what would become the War of the Third Coalition. He was forced from office in favour of William Pitt the Younger, who had preceded Addington as prime minister. Addington is also known for his reactionary crackdown on advocates of democratic reforms during a ten-year spell as Home Secretary from 1812 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Addington Ministry
Henry Addington, a member of the Tories, was appointed by King George III to lead the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1804 and served as an interlude between the Pitt ministries. Addington's ministry is most notable for negotiating the Treaty of Amiens, which marked a brief cessation of the Napoleonic Wars. Cabinet : Changes * May 1801 George Legge, Lord Lewisham (from July Earl of Dartmouth) enters the Cabinet as President of the Board of Control. * July 1801The William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland succeeds John Pitt, Earl of Chatham as Lord President (Chatham remains Master of the Ordnance). Thomas Pelham, Lord Pelham of Stanmer succeeds Portland as Home Secretary. * July 1802 Robert Stewart, Lord Castlereagh succeeds Dartmouth at the Board of Control. * August 1803Charles Philip Yorke Charles Philip Yorke (12 March 1764 – 13 March 1834) was a British politician. He notably served as Home Secretary f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
William Pitt The Younger
William Pitt (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British statesman who served as the last prime minister of Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain from 1783 until the Acts of Union 1800, and then first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, prime minister of the United Kingdom from January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as prime minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer for all of his time as prime minister. He is known as "Pitt the Younger" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt the Elder, who had also previously served as prime minister. Pitt's prime ministerial tenure, which came during the reign of King George III, was dominated by major political events in Europe, including the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Pitt, although often referred to as a Tory (British political party), Tory, or "new Tory", called himself an "independent Whig (British political party), Whig" and was generally oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
