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Cartoixa D'Escaladei
Cartoixa d'Escaladei, or Chapterhouse of Scala Dei, was a monastery of the Carthusian order in the southern Catalonia. It was founded in the 12th century, was an important centre for art in the 17th century and started the planting of vines in the region that became later known as Priorat due to the vineyards of the monks. History Foundation and early history The monastery was established by king Alfonso II of Aragon as the first Carthusian monastery in the Iberian peninsula in 1194. The reason was the recent reconquest of the territory of ''Catalunya Nova'' from the Moors and for which the Aragonese kings needed to repopulate the territory. The location proved fitting for the community which was seeking silence, solitude and nature. According to legend, when the Carthusian monks came into the region they met shepherd who told them that he had seen in a vision angels ascending a stairway into heaven into the clouds of the summit of nearby Montsant. By 1218 the monks were well e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carthusian
The Carthusians, also known as the Order of Carthusians ( la, Ordo Cartusiensis), are a Latin enclosed religious order of the Catholic Church. The order was founded by Bruno of Cologne in 1084 and includes both monks and nuns. The order has its own rule, called the ''Statutes'', and their life combines both eremitical and cenobitic monasticism. The motto of the Carthusians is , Latin for "The Cross is steady while the world turns." The Carthusians retain a unique form of liturgy known as the Carthusian Rite. The name ''Carthusian'' is derived from the Chartreuse Mountains in the French Prealps: Bruno built his first hermitage in a valley of these mountains. These names were adapted to the English '' charterhouse'', meaning a Carthusian monastery.; french: Chartreuse; german: Kartause; it, Certosa; pl, Kartuzja; es, Cartuja Today, there are 23 charterhouses, 18 for monks and 5 for nuns. The alcoholic cordial Chartreuse has been produced by the monks of Grande Chart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Bruno Of Cologne
Saint Bruno or Saint-Bruno may refer to: Roman Catholic saints *Bruno of Cologne (c. 1030–1101), German founder of the Carthusian Order *Bruno the Great (925–965), German Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia *Bruno of Querfurt (c. 974–1009), German missionary bishop and martyr * Bruno (Bishop of Segni) (c. 1047–1123), Italian Bishop of Segni and Abbot of Montecassino *Bruno, Duke of Saxony (c. 880) one of the Martyrs of Ebsdorf *Bruno (Bishop of Würzburg) (c. 1005–1045), Imperial Chancellor of Italy and later Prince-Bishop of Würzburg Places: *Saint-Bruno, Quebec, Canada, a municipality *Mont Saint-Bruno, Quebec, a mountain *Saint-Bruno (AMT), a railway station in Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec See also *Carthusian Order or Order of Saint Bruno, a Roman Catholic religious order *Saint-Bruno-de-Guigues, Quebec, a municipality *Saint-Bruno-de-Kamouraska, Quebec, a municipality *Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal *San Bruno (disambiguati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistercians
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contributions of the highly-influential Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, known as the Latin Rule. They are also known as Bernardines, after Saint Bernard himself, or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuculla" or cowl (choir robe) worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cowl worn by Benedictines. The term ''Cistercian'' derives from ''Cistercium,'' the Latin name for the locale of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was here that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-clerical Riots Of 1835
The anti-clerical riots of 1835 were revolts against the religious orders in Spain, fundamentally for their support of the Carlists in the civil war that began after the death of King Ferdinand VII at the end of 1833, and which took place during the summer of 1835 in Aragon and, above all, in Catalonia, within the context of the uprisings of the Spanish Liberal Revolution that sought to put an end to the regime of the Royal Statute, implemented in 1834 by the regent María Cristina de Borbón-Dos Sicilias, and to give way to a constitutional monarchy with the reestablishment of the Constitution of 1812. The most important anticlerical riots took place in Zaragoza and in Reus, Barcelona and other Catalan towns (where the popular riots between 1835 and 1843 are known by the name of ), during which numerous convents and monasteries were assaulted and seventy members of the regular clergy and eight priests were killed, reminiscent of what had happened a year earlier in the 1834 mass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecclesiastical Confiscations Of Mendizábal
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Fresco
Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. The word ''fresco'' ( it, affresco) is derived from the Italian adjective ''fresco'' meaning "fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques, which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. The word ''fresco'' is commonly and inaccurately used in English to refer to any wall painting regardless of the plaster technology or binding medium. This, in part, contributes to a misconception that the most geographically and temporally common wall painting technology was the painting into wet lime plaster. Even in app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquim Juncosa
Joaquim Juncosa (Cornudella, Tarragona, 1631 – Rome, 1708) was a Spanish Baroque painter and monk of the Carthusian order. Born into a family of painters, he soon began to receive commissions, both from monasteries of the order he belonged to and from private residences. Out of these, four large mythological canvasses stand out, commissioned by the marquis of la Guardia, governor of Sardinia. Highly skilled at drawing, his works reflect a restrained Baroque style, and some experts have identified in it the influence of his stays in Rome and his contact with Roman painting trends. Some of his documented works were destroyed in 1936 in the riots that occurred in the first few months of the Spanish Civil War, during which many religious buildings were damaged. In spite of that, some of his pieces are still preserved at the Sant Jordi Fine Arts Academy, in Barcelona, and in the Museo del Prado, in Madrid, among other collections, together with the fifteen canvasses that make up the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoclassical Architecture
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing styles of architecture in most of Europe for the previous two centuries, Renaissance architecture and Baroque architecture, already represented partial revivals of the Classical architecture of ancient Rome and (much less) ancient Greek architecture, but the Neoclassical movement aimed to strip away the excesses of Late Baroque and return to a purer and more authentic classical style, adapted to modern purposes. The development of archaeology and published accurate records of surviving classical buildings was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture. In many countries, there was an initial wave essentially drawing on Roman architecture, followed, from about the start of the 19th century, by a second wave of Greek Revival archi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including the Iberian Peninsula it continued, together with new styles, until the first decade of the 19th century. It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded the Rococo (in the past often referred to as "late Baroque") and Neoclassical styles. It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music, though Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well. The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep colour, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. The style began at the start of the 17th century in Rome, then spread rapidly to France, northern Italy, Spain, and Portugal, then to Austria, southern Germany, and Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John II Of Castile
John II of Castile ( es, link=no, Juan; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. He succeeded his older sister, Maria of Castile, Queen of Aragon, as Prince of Asturias in 1405. Regency John was the son of King Henry III and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster. His mother was the granddaughter of King Peter, who was ousted by Henry III's grandfather, King Henry II. John succeeded his father on 25 December 1406, and united in his person the claims of both Peter and Henry II. His mother and his uncle, King Ferdinand I of Aragon, were co-regents during his minority. When Ferdinand I died in 1416, his mother governed alone until her death in 1418. Personal rule John II's reign, lasting 48 years, was one of the longest in Castilian history, but John himself was not a particularly capable monarch. He spent his time verse-making, hunting, and holding tournaments. His favourite, Álvaro de Luna, heavily influenced him until his second wife, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alonso Tostado
Alonso Tostado (also ''Al(f)onso Fernández de Madrigal'', variously known as ''Alphonsus Tostatus'', ''Tostatus Abulensis'', and in Spanish as ''El Tostado'' or ''El Abulense''; ca. 1410His year of birth is unknown; it is often estimated as c. 1410, or in some publications as c. 1400–1410; Retratos de Españoles ilustres', Madrid (1791) gives 1415. – 3 September 1455) was a Spanish theologian, councillor of John II of Castile and briefly bishop of Ávila. His epitaph stated "Wonder of earth, all men ''can'' know he scanned." A leading scholar of his generation, he is particularly known as an early theorist on witchcraft; in his ''De maleficis mulieribus, quae vulgariter dicuntur bruxas'' (1440) he defended the possibility of flying witches based on biblical exegesis. Life Alonso's father, also called Alonso Tostado, was a ploughman. The nickname '' Tostado'' refers to a ploughman's tanned or sunburnt complexion. After a course of grammar under the Franciscans he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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