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Carr's Disintegrator
Carr's disintegrator (also known as Stedman in the U.S.; Hubner, continental Europe) was a 19th-century "toothed crusher" or pulverizer invented by Thomas Carr (engineer), Thomas Carr of Montpelier, Bristol, England, and patented in Great Britain in 1859. It used to the best advantage the energy which was transmitted to it, which explained its extraordinarily high output compared with some of the other disintegrators. Carr's disintegrator was the best-known of its era. Several different models were built according to the desired outcome. The machine was mostly used for the pulverising of such substances as superphosphates and other materials that would form pasty masses when subjected to pressure, or would clog the grooves of an ordinary mill. It consisted of two or more circular discs studded with beaters revolving within a casing or box in opposite directions on the same line of shafting. The velocity of the peripheral row of beaters was about per second, at which velocit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carr's Disintegrator With Cover Removed (The Mechanical Engineering Of Collieries, 1905)
Carr's is a British biscuit and cracker (food), cracker manufacturer, currently owned by Pladis, Pladis Global through its subsidiary United Biscuits. The company was founded in 1831 by Jonathan Dodgson Carr and is marketed in the United States by Kellogg's. History In 1831, Carr formed a small bakery and biscuit factory in the England, English city of Carlisle in Cumberland; he received a Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom), royal warrant in 1841. Within 15 years of being founded, it had become Britain's largest baking business. Carr's business was both a mill and a bakery, an early example of vertical integration, and produced bread by night and biscuits by day. The biscuits were loosely based on dry biscuits used on long voyages by sailors. They could be kept crisp and fresh in tins, and despite their fragility could easily be transported to other parts of the country by canal and railway. Jonathan Carr protested against the Corn Laws, which placed steep tariffs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comminution
Comminution is the reduction of solid materials from one average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing, grinding, cutting, vibrating, or other processes. Comminution is related to pulverization and grinding. All use mechanical devices, and many types of mills have been invented. Concomitant with size reduction, comminution increases the surface area of the solid. For example, a pulverizer mill is used to pulverize coal for combustion in the steam-generating furnaces of coal power plants. A cement mill produces finely ground ingredients for portland cement. A hammer mill is used on farms for grinding grain and chaff for animal feed. A demolition pulverizer is an attachment for an excavator to break up large pieces of concrete. Comminution is important in mineral processing, where rocks are broken into small particles to help liberate the ore from gangue. Comminution or grinding is also important in ceramics, electronics, and battery research. Mech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Inventions
English inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, in England by a person from England. Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two. Nonetheless, science and technology in England continued to develop rapidly in absolute terms. Furthermore, according to a Japanese research firm, over 40% of the world's inventions and discoveries were made in the UK, followed by France with 24% of the world's inventions and discoveries made in France and followed by the US with 20%. The following is a list of inventions, innovations or discoveries known or generally recognised to be English. Agriculture * 1701: Seed drill improved by Jethro Tull (1674–1741). *18th century: of the horse-drawn hoe and scarifier by Jethro Tull * 1780s: Selective breeding and artificial selection pioneered by Robert Bakewell (1725–1795). * 1842: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grinding Mills
A mill is a device, often a structure, machine or kitchen appliance, that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting. Such comminution is an important unit operation in many processes. There are many different types of mills and many types of materials processed in them. Historically, mills were powered by hand or by animals (e.g., via a hand crank), working animal (e.g., horse mill), wind (windmill) or water (watermill). In the modern era, they are usually powered by electricity. The grinding of solid materials occurs through mechanical forces that break up the structure by overcoming the interior bonding forces. After the grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, the grain size disposition and the grain shape. Milling also refers to the process of breaking down, separating, sizing, or classifying aggregate material (e.g. mining ore). For instance rock crushing or grinding to produce uniform aggregate size for construction p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1859 Establishments In England
Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Under the rule of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia are united under the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire. It would be a principal step in forming the modern state of Romania. * January 28 – The city of Olympia is incorporated in the Washington Territory of the United States of America. * February 2 – Miguel Miramón (1832–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * February 4 – German scholar Constantin von Tischendorf rediscovers the '' Codex Sinaiticus'', a 4th-century uncial manuscript of the Greek Bible, in Saint Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Khedivate of Egypt and arranges for its presentation to his patron, Tsar Alexander II of Russia at Saint Petersburg. * February 14 – Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state. * February 12 – The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopædia Britannica
The is a general knowledge, general-knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It has been published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. since 1768, although the company has changed ownership seven times. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, which spans 32 volumes and 32,640 pages, was the last printed edition. Since 2016, it has been published exclusively as an online encyclopedia, online encyclopaedia. Printed for 244 years, the ''Britannica'' was the longest-running in-print encyclopaedia in the English language. It was first published between 1768 and 1771 in Edinburgh, Scotland, in three volumes. The encyclopaedia grew in size; the second edition was 10 volumes, and by its fourth edition (1801–1810), it had expanded to 20 volumes. Its rising stature as a scholarly work helped recruit eminent contributors, and the 9th (1875–1889) and Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, 11th editions (1911) are landmark encyclopaedias for scholarship and literary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carr's Disintegrator (Cassier's Magazine, 1911)
Carr's disintegrator (also known as Stedman in the U.S.; Hubner, continental Europe) was a 19th-century "toothed crusher" or pulverizer invented by Thomas Carr of Montpelier, Bristol, England, and patented in Great Britain in 1859. It used to the best advantage the energy which was transmitted to it, which explained its extraordinarily high output compared with some of the other disintegrators. Carr's disintegrator was the best-known of its era. Several different models were built according to the desired outcome. The machine was mostly used for the pulverising of such substances as superphosphates and other materials that would form pasty masses when subjected to pressure, or would clog the grooves of an ordinary mill. It consisted of two or more circular discs studded with beaters revolving within a casing or box in opposite directions on the same line of shafting. The velocity of the peripheral row of beaters was about per second, at which velocity at least 50 per cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
