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Carlo De' Medici (1430–1492)
Carlo di Cosimo de' Medici (1428 or 1430 – 29 May 1492) was an Italian priest. A member of the powerful Medici family, he became a senior clergyman and collector. Early life Born in Florence, he was the Legitimacy (family law), illegitimate son of Cosimo de' Medici (the Elder) and a Slavery, slave-woman named Maddalena, who was said to have been purchased in Venice. Maddalena is noted to have been a Circassian slave bought in Venice as a "certified virgin" in 1427, the Venetian slave traders being important participators in the Black Sea slave trade at the time. It is widely accepted that Maddalena was a Adyghe people, Circassian, and Carlo's "intense blue eyes" and other "marked Circassian features" has been seen as a trait inherited by his Circassian mother. However, it has been once suggested that his mother might have been a black African, because of the apparently dusky skin depicted in Andrea Mantegna, Mantegna's portrait of Carlo, which however it is more likely d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portrait Of Carlo De' Medici
The ''Portrait of Carlo de' Medici'' is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Andrea Mantegna, executed in 1466. It is now housed in the Uffizi Gallery of Florence. History Little is known about the painting's origins, and currently the most credited hypothesis is that it would portray Carlo de' Medici (1430-1492), Carlo de' Medici, an illegitimate son of Cosimo de' Medici the Elder and a Adyghe people, Circassian concubine, as hinted by the subject's intense blue eyes. In 1912 a copy of the portrait was included in a genealogy of the House of Medici. This is however in contrast with the identification of Carlo as a character in Filippino Lippi's ''Stories of St. Stephen and St. John the Baptist'' in the Cathedral of Prato. Also the attribution to Mantegna was not immediate, as for a long time the painting was thought to be by Domenico Veneziano. The work has been dated from 1459–1460, when Mantegna arrived in Mantua and was commissioned numerous official portraits (th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sea Slave Trade
The Black Sea slave trade trafficked people across the Black Sea from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus to slavery in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. The Black Sea slave trade was a center of the slave trade between Europe and the rest of the world from antiquity until the 19th century. One of the major and most significant slave trades of the Black Sea region was the trade of the Crimean Khanate, known as the Crimean slave trade. The Black Sea is situated in a region historically dominated by the margins of empires, conquests and major trade routes between Europe, the Mediterranean and Central Asia, notably the Ancient Silk Road, Silk road, which made the Black Sea ideal for a slave trade of war captives sold along the trade routes. In the Early Middle Ages, the Byzantine Empire imported slaves from the Vikings, who transported European captives via the route from the Varangians to the Greeks to the Byzantine ports at the Black Sea. In the late Middle Ages, trading colonie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fra Filippo Lippi - The Funeral Of St Stephen (detail) - WGA13274
Fra is a title of a friar. Fra or FRA may also refer to: Codes * fra, the ISO 639-2 code for the French language * FRA, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code for France * FRA, the IOC country code for France at the Olympics * Framingham station, Amtrak station code * Frankfurt Airport, Germany, IATA code Education * Flint River Academy, Woodbury, Georgia, US * Franklin Road Academy, Nashville, Tennessee, US Molecular biology * Fra1, aka Fos-related antigen 1 * Fra2, aka Fos-related antigen 2 Agencies, organizations, companies * Alfarista Radical Front (Spanish: '), an Ecuadorian political party * Federal Railroad Administration, USA * Fleet Reserve Association * Fundamental Rights Agency of the European Union * Forces Royales Air, the official French name for the Royal Moroccan Air Force * National Defence Radio Establishment (Swedish: '), in Sweden ** FRA law (Swedish: '), in Sweden Other uses * Fra McCann (born 1953), Irish politician * Fixed-radio access or wireless local lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuncio
An apostolic nuncio (; also known as a papal nuncio or simply as a nuncio) is an ecclesiastical diplomat, serving as an envoy or a permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See to a state or to an international organization. A nuncio is appointed by and represents the Holy See, and is the head of the diplomatic mission, called an apostolic nunciature, which is the equivalent of an embassy. The Holy See is legally distinct from the Vatican City or the Catholic Church. In modern times, a nuncio is usually an Archbishop. An apostolic nuncio is generally equivalent in rank to that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary, although in Catholic countries the nuncio often ranks above ambassadors in diplomatic protocol. A nuncio performs the same functions as an ambassador and has the same diplomatic privileges. Under the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, to which the Holy See is a party, a nuncio is an ambassador like those from any other country. The Vienn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Income Tax
Papal income tax was first levied in 1199 by Pope Innocent III, originally requiring all Catholic clergy to pay one-fortieth of their ecclesiastical income annually in support of the Crusades.Lunt, 1950, pp. 71-72. The second income tax was not levied until the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, and constituted only a triennial twentieth. This precedent was frequently continued by the successors of Innocent III, enforced by ecclesiastical censure, by sequestration, and frequently by the use of force.Lunt, 1950, p. 72. The first time the tax was imposed, contributors were promised that a quarter of the penances would be rebated if payments were made willingly and honestly; the second time, non-compliance was simply threatened with excommunication.Lunt, 1950, p. 73. On a few occasions popes convoked a general council before imposing an income tax, but more often imposed the tax solely on their own authority. The power was later used for Crusades outside of the Holy Land. For example, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prato
Prato ( ; ) is a city and municipality (''comune'') in Tuscany, Italy, and is the capital of the province of Prato. The city lies in the northeast of Tuscany, at an elevation of , at the foot of Monte Retaia (the last peak in the Calvana chain). With 198,326 inhabitants as of 2025, Prato is Tuscany's second largest city after Florence, and the third largest in Central Italy. Historically, Prato's economy has been based on the textile industry and its district is the largest in Europe. The textile district of Prato is made up of about 7000 fashion companies, amounting to around 2 billion euros of city's export. The renowned Datini archives are a significant collection of late medieval documents concerning economic and trade history, produced between 1363 and 1410. The city boasts important historical and artistic attractions, with a cultural span that started with the Etruscans and then expanded in the Middle Ages and reached its peak with the Renaissance, when artists such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaiano
Vaiano is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Prato in the region of Tuscany in Italy. It is located about northwest of Florence and about north of Prato. It has 9,912 inhabitants. Geography The municipality of Vaiano contains the ''frazione, frazioni'' (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Fabio, Faltugnano, Gamberame, La Briglia, La Cartaia, La Foresta, La Tignamica, Le Fornaci, Meretto, Parmigno, Popigliano, Savignano (Vaiano), Savignano, San Leonardo in Collina, Schignano (Vaiano), Schignano and Sofignano. Vaiano borders the following municipalities: Barberino di Mugello, Calenzano, Cantagallo, Tuscany, Cantagallo, Montemurlo, Prato. Demographics Architecture Churches *San Salvatore Abbey, Vaiano in Vaiano *Chapel at the old cemetery in Vaiano *San Leonardo in Gamberame *San Leonardo in San leonardo in Collina *Chapel at the Fattoria delle Mura in Sofignano *Chapel at Villa Buonamici in San Gaudenzio *Saint Anthon oratory at Villa Vai Il Mulinacci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbot
Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions. The name is derived from ''abba'', the Aramaic form of the Hebrew ''ab'', and means "father". The female equivalent is abbess. Origins The title had its origin in the monasteries of Egypt and Syria, spread through the eastern Mediterranean, and soon became accepted generally in all languages as the designation of the head of a monastery. The word is derived from the Aramaic ' meaning "father" or ', meaning "my father" (it still has this meaning in contemporary Arabic: أب, Hebrew: אבא and Aramaic: ܐܒܐ) In the Septuagint, it was written as "abbas". At first it was employed as a respectful title for any monk, but it was soon restricted by canon law to certain priestly superiors. At times it was applied to various priests, e.g. at the court of the Frankish monarchy the ' ("of the palace"') and ' ("of the camp") were chaplains to the Merovingian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mugello Region
The Mugello () is a historic region and valley in northern Tuscany, Italy, corresponding to the course of the River Sieve. It is located to the north of the city of Florence and includes the northernmost portion of the Metropolitan City of Florence. The Futa Pass connects the Mugello valley to the separate Santerno river valley. History The Mugello valley was settled by a Ligurian tribe known as the Magelli, hence the name. Then the region was occupied by the Etruscans who left many archaeological traces and who built the first road network of the Mugello. The subsequent Ancient Roman conquest and colonization of the Mugello region dates back to the 4th century BCE. It is not only testified by several finds such as tombs, coins, and walls, but also, through toponymy, e.g. names of places ending with the praedial suffix ''-ano'' (Latin '' -anus'') or ''-ana'': Cerliano, Figliano, Marcoiano, Galliano, Lucignano, etc. In the Middle Ages the Mugello was home to numerous cast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieve Di Santa Maria (Cèllole)
In Italy in the Middle Ages, a ''pieve'' (, ; ; : ''pievi'') was a rural church with a baptistery, upon which other churches without baptisteries depended. ''Pieve'' is also an Italian and Corsican term signifying the medieval ecclesiastical/administrative territory of its the mother church. It has thus become a common component of both place names and of the names of churches. The Italian word is descended from Latin ''plebs'' which, after the expansion of Christianity in Italy, was applied to the community of baptized people. Many ''pievi'' began to appear in the 5th century, as Christianity expanded in the rural areas outside the main cities. In the 9th-10th centuries, they were often designed with bell towers. Churches in Italy Churches in Italy described as a pieve include: * Pieve di Sant'Andrea in Buggiano, Province of Pistioa, Tuscany * Pieve di Sant'Andrea (Pistoia), in Pistoia, Province of Pistioa, Tuscany Places in Italy Places in Italy called Pieve include: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
