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Cannabis Strain
''Cannabis'' strains is a popular name to refer to plant varieties of the monospecific genus ''Cannabis sativa'' L.. They are either pure or hybrid varieties of the plant, which encompasses various sub-species '' C. sativa'', '' C. indica'', and '' C. ruderalis''. Varieties are developed to intensify specific characteristics of the plant, or to differentiate the strain for the purposes of marketing or to make it more effective as a drug. Variety names are typically chosen by their growers, and often reflect properties of the plant such as taste, color, smell, or the origin of the variety. The ''Cannabis'' strains referred to in this article are primarily those varieties with recreational and medicinal use. These varieties have been cultivated to contain a high percentage of cannabinoids. Several varieties of ''cannabis'', known as hemp, have a very low cannabinoid content, and are instead grown for their fiber and seed. Due to the legal status of the plant in many jurisdict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannabis
''Cannabis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae that is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from the continent of Asia. However, the number of species is disputed, with as many as three species being recognized: '' Cannabis sativa'', '' C. indica'', and '' C. ruderalis''. Alternatively, ''C. ruderalis'' may be included within ''C. sativa'', or all three may be treated as subspecies of ''C. sativa'', or ''C. sativa'' may be accepted as a single undivided species. The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is usually used to refer only to varieties cultivated for non-drug use. Hemp has long been used for fibre, seeds and their oils, leaves for use as vegetables, and juice. Industrial hemp textile products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fibre. ''Cannabis'' also has a long history of being used for medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug known by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid, one of 113 identified cannabinoids in ''Cannabis'', along with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and accounts for up to 40% of the plant's extract. Medically, it is an anticonvulsant used to treat multiple forms of epilepsy. It was discovered in 1940 and, as of 2024 clinical research on CBD included studies related to the treatment of anxiety, addiction, psychosis, movement disorders, and pain, but there is insufficient evidence-based medicine, high-quality evidence that CBD is effective for these conditions. CBD is sold as an herbal dietary supplement and promoted with yet unproven claims of particular therapeutic effects. Cannabidiol can be route of administration, taken internally in multiple ways, including by Route of administration#Inhalation, inhaling cannabis cannabis smoking, smoke or vaporizer (inhalation device), vapor, Oral administration, swallowing it by mouth, and through use of an aerosol spray into the buccal administration, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Widow
White Widow may refer to: * Samantha Lewthwaite (born 1983), terrorist suspect and widow of 7/7 suicide bomber Germaine Lindsay * Sally-Anne Jones, British-born U.N.-designated recruiter and propaganda for the Islamic State (ISIS) * White Widow (Cannabis), a strain of ''Cannabis'' * White widow spider (''Latrodectus pallidus''), a white-colored species of widow spiders * ''White Widow'', a novel by Jim Lehrer James Charles Lehrer ( ; May 19, 1934 – January 23, 2020) was an American journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and playwright. He was the executive editor and a news anchor for the ''PBS News Hour'' on PBS and was known for his role as a debate ... * White Widow, a fictional character in '' Mission: Impossible – Fallout'' * White Widow, a codename assumed by Marvel Comics character Yelena Belova * White Widow, a superhero character in comic books published by Absolute Comics * "White Widow", a song by the Italian band Afterhours See also * Widow White Creek, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Access And Benefit Sharing Agreement
An Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABSA) is an agreement that defines the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. ABSAs typically arise in relation to bioprospecting where indigenous knowledge is used to focus screening efforts for commercially valuable genetic and biochemical resources. ABSAs recognise that bioprospecting frequently relies on indigenous or traditional knowledge, and that people or communities who hold such knowledge are entitled to a share of benefits arising from its commercial utilization. History and development The concept of ABSAs stems from the Convention on Biological Diversity which, among other objectives, seeks to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. However, the highly controversial principle of Access and Benefit Sharing of the CDB stirred up a virulent debate which left most stakeholders unsatisfied with the framework provided. The Nagoya Protocol, a suppl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patent Office
A patent office is a governmental or intergovernmental organization which controls the issue of patents. In other words, "patent offices are government bodies that may grant a patent or reject the patent application based on whether the application fulfils the requirements for patentability."European Commission''Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry, Preliminary Report (DG Competition Staff Working Paper)'' 28 November 2008, page 89 (pdf, 1.95 MB). List of patent offices For a list of patent offices and their websites, see the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) maintained listhere ''The entries shown in italics are regional or international patent offices.'' *''African Regional Intellectual Property Organization'' (ARIPO) *Intellectual Property Agency of Armenia (AIPA) *IP Australia (IPA) *Corporate Affairs and Intellectual Property Office, Barbados Corporate Affairs and Intellectual Property Office (CAIPO) *Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) *Chinese National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WIPO Treaty On Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources And Associated Traditional Knowledge
The WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge or ''GRATK Treaty'' is an international legal instrument to combat biopiracy through disclosure requirements for patent applicants whose inventions are based on genetic resources and/or associated traditional knowledge. The treaty was concluded at the headquarters of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, Switzerland, on 24 May 2024, after more than two decades of previous developments by WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC). The treaty was deemed "historic in many regards" by some observers, qualified by the Indigenous Caucus as a "first step towards guaranteeing just and transparent access to these resources." Background and history 2001–2022: Work of the WIPO IGC The IGC was established in 2001 by the General Assembly of WIPO. Since 2010, the mandate of the IGC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention On Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Its objective is to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and it is often seen as the key document regarding sustainable development. The Convention was opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. The United States is the only UN member state which has not ratified the Convention. It has two supplementary agreements, the Cartagena Protocol and Nagoya Protocol. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty governing the movements of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagoya Protocol
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, also known as the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), is a 2010 supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Its aim is the implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. It sets out obligations for its contracting parties to take measures in relation to access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing and compliance. The protocol was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan, and entered into force on 12 October 2014. , it has been ratified by 137 parties, which includes 141 UN member states and the European Union. From a concrete perspective, it gives each country sovereignty righ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants. Peasants might hold title to land outright (fee simple), or by any of several forms of land tenure, among them socage, quit-rent, leasehold, and copyhold. In some contexts, "peasant" has a pejorative meaning, even when referring to farm laborers. As early as in 13th-century Germany, the concept of "peasant" could imply "rustic" as well as "robber", as the English term villain/villein. In 21st-century English, the word "peasant" can mean "an ignorant, rude, or unsophisticated person". The word rose to renewed popularity in the 1940s–1960s as a collective term, often referring to rural populations of developing countries in general, as the "semantic successor to 'native', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model. Estimates of the population of Indigenous peoples range from 250 million to 600 million. There are some 5,000 distinct Indigenous peoples spread across every inhabited climate zone and inhabited continent of the world. Most Indigenous peoples are in a minority in the state or traditional territory they inhabit and have experienced domination by other groups, especially non-Indigenous peoples. Although many Indigenous peoples have experienced colonization by settlers from European nations, Indigenous identity is not determined by Western colonization. The rights of Indigenous peoples are outlined in national legislation, treaties and international law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free, Prior And Informed Consent
Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) is aimed to establish bottom-up participation and consultation of an indigenous population prior to the beginning of development on ancestral land or using resources in an indigenous population's territory. Indigenous people have a special connection to their land and resources and inhabit one fifth of the Earth's surface. Such areas are environmentally rich in both renewable and non-renewable resources. The collective ownership style of most Indigenous Peoples conflicts with the modern global market and its continuous need for resources and land. To protect Indigenous Peoples' rights, international human rights law has created processes and standards to safeguard their way of life and to encourage participation in the decision-making process. One such method is the process of FPIC. There is criticism that many international conventions and treaties require consultation, not consent, which is a much higher threshold. Without the requirement for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants
The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants or UPOV () is a treaty body (non-United Nations intergovernmental organization) with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Its objective is to provide an effective system for plant variety protection. It does so by defining a blueprint regulation to be implemented by its members in national law. The expression UPOV Convention also refers to one of the three instruments that relate to the union, namely the ''1991 Act of the UPOV Convention'' (UPOV 91), ''1978 Act of the UPOV Convention'' (UPOV 78) and ''1961 Act of the UPOV Convention with Amendments of 1972'' (UPOV 61). History UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV 61). The convention was adopted in Paris in 1961 and revised in 1972, 1978 and 1991. The initiative for the foundation of UPOV came from European breeding companies, who 1956 called for a conference to define basic principles for pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
