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Cahto
The Cahto (also spelled Kato, especially in anthropological and linguistic contexts) are an Indigenous Californian group of Native Americans. Today most descendants are enrolled as the federally recognized tribe, the Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria, and a small group of Cahto are enrolled in the Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation. Name ''Cahto (Kato)'' means loosely "People of the Lake" or "Lake People," and may derive from the Northern Pomo word for "lake", which referred to an important Cahto village site, called Djilbi. Therefore the Cahto are sometimes referred to as the ''Kaipomo'' or Kato people. The Cahto (Kato) called themselves , or "Grass People." Today they use or Cahto Tribe as their tribal designation. Reservation The tribe controls the Laytonville Rancheria (), also known as the Cahto Rancheria, a federal Indian reservation of Cahto and Pomo people. The rancheria is large and located west of Laytonville in Mendocino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cahto Language
Cahto (also spelled Kato) is an extinct Athabaskan language that was formerly spoken by the Kato people of the Laytonville and Branscomb area at the head of the South Fork of the Eel River. It is one of the four languages belonging to the ''California Athabaskan'' cluster of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages. Most Kato speakers were bilingual in Northern Pomo and some also spoke Yuki. It went extinct in the 1960s. Phonology Consonants Cahto has 26 consonant phonemes and 30 phones. Vowels Cahto has 9 vowel phonemes (including the diphthong) and 12 phones. References * University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnography 5(3):65-238. * Goddard, Pliny Earle (1912). Elements of the Kato Language'' University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnography 11(1):1-176. * * Golla, Victor (2011). ''California Indian Languages.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. . External links Kato languageoverview at the Survey of Cali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pomo People
The Pomo are a Indigenous peoples of California, Native American people of California. Historical Pomo territory in Northern California was large, bordered by the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast to the west, extending inland to Clear Lake (California), Clear Lake, mainly between Cleone, California, Cleone and Duncans Point. One small group, the Tceefoka (Northeastern Pomo language, Northeastern Pomo), lived in the vicinity of present-day Stonyford, California, Stonyford, Colusa County, California, Colusa County, where they were separated from the majority of Pomo lands by Yuki people, Yuki and Wintuan languages, Wintuan speakers. The name ''Pomo'' derives from a conflation of the Pomo words and . It originally meant "those who live at red earth hole" and was once the name of a village in southern Potter Valley, California, Potter Valley, near the present-day community of Pomo, California, Pomo, Mendocino County, California, Mendocino County. The word may also ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Athabascan Language
Athabaskan ( ; also spelled ''Athabascan'', ''Athapaskan'' or ''Athapascan'', and also known as Dene) is a large branch of the Na-Dene language family of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean). Kari and Potter (2010:10) place the total territory of the 53 Athabaskan languages at . Chipewyan is spoken over the largest area of any North American native language, while Navajo is spoken by the largest number of people of any native language north of Mexico. The word ''Athabaskan'' is an anglicized version of a Cree language name for Lake Athabasca ( ' herethere are reeds one after another') in Canada. Cree is one of the Algonquian languages and therefore not itself an Athabaskan language. The name was assigned by Albert Gallatin in his 1836 (written 1826) classification of the languages of North America. He acknowledged that it was his choice to use this name for the language family and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eel River (California)
The Eel River (Wiyot: ''Wiya't''; Cahto: ''Taanchow''; Northern Pomo: ''ch'idiyu'') is a major river, about long, in northwestern California. The river and its tributaries form the third-largest watershed entirely in California, draining a rugged area of in five counties. The river flows generally northward through the Coast Ranges west of the Sacramento Valley, emptying into the Pacific Ocean about downstream from Fortuna and just south of Humboldt Bay. The river provides groundwater recharge, recreation, and industrial, agricultural and municipal water supply.William M. Brown and John R. RitterSediment transport and Turbidity in the Eel River Basin, 1971, prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources, 67 pages. The Eel River system is among the most dynamic in California because of the region's unstable geology and the influence of major Pacific storms. The discharge is highly variable; average flows in January and February are over 100 ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Indigenous Californian
Indigenous peoples of California, commonly known as Indigenous Californians or Native Californians, are a diverse group of nations and peoples that are indigenous to the geographic area within the current boundaries of California before and after European colonization. There are currently 109 federally recognized tribes in the state and over forty self-identified tribes or tribal bands that have applied for federal recognition. California has the second-largest Native American population in the United States. Most tribes practiced forest gardening or permaculture and controlled burning to ensure the availability of food and medicinal plants as well as ecosystem balance. Archeological sites indicate human occupation of California for thousands of years. European settlers began exploring their homelands in the late 18th century. This began with the arrival of Spanish soldiers and missionaries who established Franciscan missions that instituted an immense rate of death and cul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
California
California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an international border with the Mexico, Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With almost 40million residents across an area of , it is the List of states and territories of the United States by population, largest state by population and List of U.S. states and territories by area, third-largest by area. Prior to European colonization of the Americas, European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the Spanish Empire. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following Mexican War of Independence, its successful war for independence, but Mexican Cession, was ceded to the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mattole
The Mattole, including the Bear River Indians, are a group of Native Americans in California. Their traditional lands are along the Mattole and Bear Rivers near Cape Mendocino in Humboldt County, California. A notable difference between the Mattole and other indigenous peoples of California is that the men traditionally had facial tattoos (on the forehead), while other local groups traditionally restricted facial tattooing to women. Name The Bear River Indians called themselves and the Mattole Ni'ekeni'. The Wailaki name was ''Tul'bush'' ("foreigners"); the Cahto name was ''Diideeʾ-kiiyaahaangn'' ("The North Tribe"). Language The Mattole spoke the Mattole language, an Athabaskan language that may have been closely related to that of their Eel River neighbors to the east. According to linguist Victor Golla, the last surviving person who could speak the Mattole language died in the 1950s. Territory Historically, the Mattole lived along the Mattole River in the valley of Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Round Valley Indian Tribes Of The Round Valley Reservation
The Round Valley Indian Tribe, originally known as the Covelo Indian Community, is a federally recognized confederation of Native American tribes. These include the Yuki, Wailaki, Concow (or Konkow), Little Lake and other Pomo, Nomlaki, and Pit River peoples. The coalition was created as federal legislation forcibly removed other indigenous groups from their ancestral land to land originally occupied by the Yuki people in Round Valley. Part of this forced unification was the forced removal of Northern Californian Concow Maidu people from their land in the Sacramento Valley to the Round Valley Indian Reservation in Mendocino County. The 100 mile march became known as the Concow Trail of Tears or the Nome Cult Trail. The Round Valley Indian Reservation is a federally recognized Indian reservation lying primarily in northern Mendocino County, California, United States. A small part of it extends northward into southern Trinity County. The total land area, including off-reservation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mattole Language
The Mattole, including the Bear River Indians, are a group of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans in California. Their traditional lands are along the Mattole River, Mattole and Bear River (Humboldt County), Bear Rivers near Cape Mendocino in Humboldt County, California. A notable difference between the Mattole and other indigenous peoples of California is that the men traditionally had facial tattoos (on the forehead), while other local groups traditionally restricted facial tattooing to women. Name The Bear River Indians called themselves and the Mattole Ni'ekeni'. The Wailaki name was ''Tul'bush'' ("foreigners"); the Cahto name was ''Diideeʾ-kiiyaahaangn'' ("The North Tribe"). Language The Mattole spoke the Mattole language, an Athabaskan languages, Athabaskan language that may have been closely related to that of their Eel River Athabaskans, Eel River neighbors to the east. According to linguist Victor Golla, the last surviving person who could speak the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eel River Athapaskan Peoples
The Eel River Athapaskans include the Wailaki, Lassik, Nongatl, and Sinkyone (Sinkine) groups of Native Americans that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the Eel River and Van Duzen River of northwestern California. These groups speak dialects of the Wailaki language belonging to the Pacific Coast Athapaskan group of the Athapaskan language family which is prominently represented in Alaska, western Canada, and the southwestern U.S. Other related Athapaskan groups neighboring the Eel River Athapaskans included the Hupa- Whilkut- Chilula to the north, the Mattole on the coast to the west, and the Kato to the south. The Whilkut, Nongatl and Lassik were essentially annihilated during the Bald Hills War in the 1860s. Some Wailaki people are registered members of Round Valley Indian Tribes. Dialect Groups While the below groupings - Nongatl, Lassik, Wailaki, and Sinkyone - are often mentioned as political or tribal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Long Valley Caldera
Long Valley Caldera is a Depression (geology), depression in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain. The valley is one of the Earth's largest calderas, measuring about long (east-west), wide (north-south), and up to deep. Long Valley was formed 760,000 years ago when a Ultra-Plinian, very large eruption released hot ash that later cooled to form the Bishop tuff that is common to the area. The eruption emptied the magma chamber under the area to the point of collapse. The second phase of the eruption released pyroclastic flows that burned and buried thousands of square miles. Ash from this eruption blanketed much of the Western United States, western part of what is now the United States. Geography The caldera is a giant bowl-shaped depression, approximately long, surrounded by mountains except to the southeast. The elevation of the bottom of the bowl ranges from , being higher in the west. Near the center of the bowl, magmatic uplift has formed a resurgent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hupa Language
Hupa ( native name: , ) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken along the lower course of the Trinity River in Northwestern California by the Hoopa Valley Hupa () and Tsnungwe/South Fork Hupa () and, before European contact, by the Chilula and Whilkut peoples, to the west. Speakers The 2000 US Census estimated the language to be spoken by 64 persons between the ages of 5 and 17, including 4 monolingual speakers. As of 2012, there were fewer than 10 individuals whose Hupa could be called fluent, at least one of whom ( Verdena Parker) was a fully fluent bilingual. Perhaps another 50 individuals of all ages have restricted control of traditional Hupa phonology, grammar and lexicon. Beyond this, many tribal members share a small vocabulary of words and phrases of Hupa origin. Phonology The consonants of Hupa in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in slashes): Vowels may be lengthened. Golla 1996 presents a different vowel system: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
