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CIVETS
A civet () is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term ''civet'' applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae. Most of the species's diversity is found in southeast Asia. Civets do not form a monophyletic group, as they consist only of certain members of the Viverridae and Eupleridae. The African civet, ''Civettictis civetta'', has historically been the main species from which a musky scent used in perfumery, also referred to as "civet", was obtained. Naming The common name is used for a variety of carnivoran mammal species, mostly of the family Viverridae. It is also used to refer to the African palm civet and the Malagasy civet. The African palm civet (''Nandinia binotata'') is genetically distinct and belongs in its own monotypic family, Nandiniidae. The Malagasy civet (''Fossa fossana'') belongs to a separate family Eupleridae, with other carnivorans of Madag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Civet
The African civet (''Civettictis civetta'') is a large viverrid native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is considered common and widely distributed in woodlands and secondary forests. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008. In some countries, it is threatened by hunting, and wild-caught individuals are kept for producing civetone for the perfume industry. The African civet is primarily nocturnal and spends the day sleeping in dense vegetation, but wakes up at sunset. It is a wikt:solitary, solitary mammal with a unique coloration: the black and white blotches covering its coarse pelage and rings on the tail are an effective Crypsis, cryptic pattern. The black bands surrounding its eyes closely resemble those of the raccoon. Other distinguishing features are its disproportionately large hindquarters and its erectile dorsal crest. It is an omnivorous generalist, preying on small vertebrates, invertebrates, eggs, carrion, and vegetable matter. It is one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctictis
The binturong (''Arctictis binturong'') (, ), also known as the bearcat, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is uncommon in much of its range, and has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of a declining population. It is estimated to have declined at least 30% since the mid-1980s. The binturong is the only species in the genus ''Arctictis''. Etymology "Binturong" is its common name in Borneo, and is related to the Western Malayo-Polynesian root "ma-tuRun". In Riau, it is called "benturong" and "tenturun". The scientific name ''Arctictis'' means 'bear-weasel', from the Greek '' arkt-'' "bear" + '' iktis'' "weasel". Taxonomy ''Viverra binturong'' was the scientific name proposed by Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1822 for a specimen from Malacca. The generic name ''Arctictis'' was proposed by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1824. ''Arctictis'' is a monotypic taxon; its morphology is similar to that of members of the genera ''Paradoxurus'' and ''Paguma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnivora
Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivorans are found on every major landmass and in a variety of habitats, ranging from the cold polar regions of Earth to the hyper-arid region of the Sahara Desert and the open seas. Carnivorans exhibit a wide array of body plans, varying greatly in size and shape. Carnivora are divided into two suborders, the Feliformia, containing the true felids and several animals; and the Caniformia, containing the true canids and many animals. The feliforms include the Felidae, Viverridae, hyena, and mongoose families, the majority of which live only in the Old World; cats are the only exception, occurring in the Old World and the New World, entering the Americas via the Bering land bridge. The caniforms include the Caninae, Procyonidae, bears, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civet (perfumery)
Civet (''Zibeth''; ''Zibet''; ''Zibetum''), also known as civet musk and civet oil, is the glandular secretion produced by both sexes of Viverridae species. Production A number of viverrid species secrete civet oil in their perineal glands, including the African civet (''Civettictis civetta''), large Indian civet (''Viverra zibetha''), and small Indian civet (''Viverricula indica''). Most civet is produced in African farms, where African civets are kept in cages for this purpose. African civets typically produce three to four grams of civet per week. In 2000, civet sold for about five hundred dollars per kilogram. Civet is a soft, almost liquid material. It is pale yellow when fresh, darkening in the light and becoming salve-like in consistency. Its odor is strong, even putrid as a pure substance, but once diluted it is pleasantly and sweetly aromatic. It is prepared for use in perfumery by solvent extraction to yield either a tincture (10 or 20 percent), an absolute, or a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musk
Musk is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as base notes in perfumery. They include glandular secretions from animals such as the musk deer, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial substances with similar odors. ''Musk'' was a name originally given to a substance with a strong odor obtained from a gland of the musk deer. The substance has been used as a popular perfume fixative since ancient times and is one of the most expensive animal products in the world. The name originates from the Late Greek μόσχος 'moskhos', from Persian ''mushk'' and Sanskrit मुष्क muṣka () derived from Proto-Indo-European noun ''múh₂s'' meaning "mouse". The deer gland was thought to resemble a scrotum. The term is applied to various plants and animals of similar smell (e.g., muskox) and has come to encompass a wide variety of aromatic substances with similar odors, despite their often differing chemical structures and molecular shapes. Natural musk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A '' polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nocturnal
Nocturnality is a ethology, behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed senses of hearing (sense), hearing, olfaction, smell, and specially adapted eyesight. Some animals, such as ferrets, have eyes that can adapt to both low-level and bright day levels of illumination (see metaturnal). Others, such as bushbaby, bushbabies and (some) bats, can function only at night. Many nocturnal creatures including tarsier, tarsiers and some owl, owls have large eyes in comparison with their body size to compensate for the lower light levels at night. More specifically, they have been found to have a larger cornea relative to their eye size than diurnal creatures to increase their : in the low-light conditions. Nocturnality helps wasps, such as ''Apoica flavissima'', avoid hunting in intens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salanoia
''Salanoia'' is a genus of euplerid carnivoran with two currently described species found in Madagascar. They are mongoose-like, which is reflected in the older versions of their English names, for example brown-tailed mongoose which is now called brown-tailed vontsira. The name ''Salanoia'' is derived from ''salano'', one of the vernacular names for ''Salanoia concolor ''Salanoia'' is a genus of Eupleridae, euplerid carnivoran with two currently described species found in Madagascar. They are mongoose-like, which is reflected in the older versions of their English names, for example brown-tailed mongoose which i ...''. ''Vontsira'' is a Malagasy vernacular name that seems to apply to a few local species of local mongoose-like carnivores in the related genera ''Salanoia'', '' Galidia'', and '' Galidictis''. There have been new specimens found of Salanoia in Lac Alaotra, Madagascar. This new species have different physical characteristics from S. Concolor but have genetic simil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mungotictis
The narrow-striped mongoose (''Mungotictis decemlineata'') is a member of the family Eupleridae endemic to Madagascar. It inhabits the western Madagascar succulent woodlands and northern Madagascar spiny thickets in western and southwestern Madagascar, where it lives from sea level to about between the Tsiribihina and Mangoky rivers. In Malagasy it is called bokiboky (pronounced "Boo-ky Boo-ky"). It is the only species in genus ''Mungotictis''. Taxonomy ''Galidia decemlineata'' was the scientific name used by Alfred Grandidier in 1867 for a mongoose collected on the west coast of Madagascar. It was placed in the genus ''Mungotictis'' by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1915. Phylogeny The narrow-striped mongoose is part of the Malagasy carnivore family Eupleridae that forms a monophyletic clade. It shares a common ancestor with sister clades of the Feliformia. Behaviour and ecology The narrow-striped mongoose is diurnal and lives in matriarchal family groups that practice coop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galidictis
''Galidictis'' is a genus in the subfamily Galidiinae of the family Eupleridae: a group of carnivorans that are endemic to Madagascar. The name is from two ancient Greek words that both approximately mean ‘weasel’: ''galid-'' (see '' Galidia'') and '' iktis''.''Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary'' attributes it to "NL, fr. Gk ''galideus'' young weasel + ''iktis'' yellow-breasted marten European_weasel.html" ;"title="n ambiguous common name that might be the European weasel">weasel" However, Lewis and Short describes ''ictis'' () as simply "a kind of weasel '' Brill's New Pauly'' likewise also writes that "/ may be a wease Compare the word '' Galictis'' (grison, a closer relative of the weasel). It contains the following two species and two subspecies In Taxonomy (biology), biological classification, subspecies (: subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (Morp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galidia
The ring-tailed vontsira (''Galidia elegans''), locally still known as the ring-tailed mongoose, is a euplerid in the subfamily Galidiinae, a carnivoran native to Madagascar. It is the only species in the genus ''Galidia''. Classification and etymology There is much disagreement about the placement of Madagascar's carnivores, including the ring-tailed vontsira, within the phylogenetic tree. A 2003 study reported evidence that the Malagasy Carnivora evolved from a single herpestid ancestor. A monotypic genus, ''Galidia'' literally means "little weasel", being a diminutive form of (, "weasel" in ancient Greek). Its local common name is ''vontsira mena'', ‘red ''vontsira''’ in Malagasy. Description The ring-tailed vontsira is relatively small but is the largest member of the subfamily Galidiinae. It is usually long and weighs only . Its body is long and slender, and the rounded head has a pointed snout. The body is a dark red color and the feet are black. As the nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupleres
''Eupleres'' is a genus of two species of mongoose-like euplerid mammal native to Madagascar that are known as falanoucs. They are primarily terrestrial and consume mainly invertebrates. Species * Eastern falanouc, ''Eupleres goudotii'' - mesic forests of eastern Madagascar * Western falanouc, ''Eupleres major'' - xeric areas in northwestern Madagascar Conservation status The IUCN Red List lists ''E. goudotii'' as vulnerable, while ''E. major'' has been assessed as endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, inv .... References Carnivorans of Africa Euplerids Endemic fauna of Madagascar Taxa named by Louis Michel François Doyère {{carnivora-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
