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Bundists
Bundism () is a Jewish socialist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to promote working class politics, secularism, and foster Jewish political and cultural autonomy. As a part of that autonomism, it also sought to advocate Yiddishism—the promotion and vitalisation of the Yiddish language and Yiddish culture—and ''Doikayt''—a Yiddish term meaning 'hereness' referring to the concept that Jews have a right to live and organise where they already reside. The first organizational manifestation was the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland, and Russia, founded in the Russian Empire in 1897. Even with the dissolution of the first Bund in the 1920s, other Bundist organisations had already been established and continued to exist. Largest among them was the General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland in interwar Poland, which became a major political force within Polish-Jewish communities. Whilst it had enjoyed much popularity among Jews in east ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Jewish Labour Bund In Lithuania, Poland, And Russia
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (), generally called The Bund (, cognate to , ) or the Jewish Labour Bund (), was a Jewish secularism, secular Jewish Socialism, socialist party initially formed in the Russian Empire and active between 1897 and 1920. A member of the Bund was called a ''Bundism, Bundist''. Between 1898 and 1903, the Bund was an autonomous part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, but left after the Second Congress of the RSDLP, Second Congress. In 1917, the Bund organizations in Poland seceded from the Russian Bund and created a new Polish Bund, Polish General Jewish Labour Bund which continued to operate in Poland in the years between the two world wars. The majority faction of the Russian Bund was dissolved in 1921 and incorporated into the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Other remnants of the Bund endured in various countries. Founding During the mid-to-late 19th century eastern History of Europe#Fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Jewish Labour Bund In Lithuania, Poland And Russia
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (), generally called The Bund (, cognate to , ) or the Jewish Labour Bund (), was a secular Jewish socialist party initially formed in the Russian Empire and active between 1897 and 1920. A member of the Bund was called a '' Bundist''. Between 1898 and 1903, the Bund was an autonomous part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, but left after the Second Congress. In 1917, the Bund organizations in Poland seceded from the Russian Bund and created a new Polish General Jewish Labour Bund which continued to operate in Poland in the years between the two world wars. The majority faction of the Russian Bund was dissolved in 1921 and incorporated into the Communist Party. Other remnants of the Bund endured in various countries. Founding During the mid-to-late 19th century eastern Europe, Jewish politics was shifting away from the oligarchic politics of the ''kehilla'', and religious conflict towards secular mass p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Labour Bund (Australia)
The Jewish Labour Bund (), more commonly known as the Jewish Labour Bund Melbourne (), the Australian Bund, or simply the Bund, is the Australian wing of the Bundist movement. It was a member of the International Jewish Labor Bund, and is the largest and most active Bundist organisation left in the world. The Australian founding of the organisation in 1928 by Jewish Polish immigrants, expanded rapidly after the Second World War with the mass arrival of Holocaust survivors to Australia. The Bund is currently registered in the state of Victoria, where it is legally known as the Jewish Labour Bund, Inc., and is based primarily in the city of Melbourne. History Foundation and Interwar Years The Bund was founded in Melbourne in 1928 by the newly arrived Polish Jew Sender Burstin together with 12 other Melbourne Bundistn. The first public function by the then-named Bundist Group in Melbourne (Yiddish: די בונדישע גרופּע אין מעלבורן, romanized: ''Di B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Jewish Labour Bund In Poland
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland (, ) was a History of the Jews in Poland, Jewish socialist party in Poland which promoted the political, cultural and social autonomy of Jewish workers, sought to combat antisemitism and was generally opposed to Zionism. Creation of the Polish Bund The Polish Bund emerged from the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia of the erstwhile Russian empire. The Bund had party structures established amongst the Jewish communities in the Polish areas of the Russian empire. When Poland fell under German occupation in 1914, contact between the Bundists in Poland and the party centre in St. Petersburg became difficult. In November 1914 the Bund Central Committee appointed a separate Committee of Bund Organizations in Poland to run the party in Poland. Theoretically the Bundists in Poland and Russia were members of the same party, but in practice the Polish Bundists operated as a party of their own. In December 1917 the split was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Jewish Labor Bund
The International Jewish Labor Bund (ILJB) was a New York-based international Jewish socialist organization, based on the legacy of the General Jewish Labour Bund founded in the Russian empire in 1897 and the Polish Bund that was active in the interwar years. The IJLB is composed by local Bundist groups around the world and was originally created to defend Jewish national-cultural rights in Eastern Europe. It was an "associated organization" of the Socialist International, similar in status to the World Labour Zionist Movement or the International League of Religious Socialists. Bundist ideology differed significantly from Zionist beliefs regarding the Yiddish language and the immigration of Jews. In the mid-2000s, The World Coordinating Committee of the Jewish Labor Bund was dissolved in New York, although local Bundist groups or groups inspired by the Jewish Labor Bund still exist in Mexico and Australia. History Before World War Two, the Bund contributed heavily to the mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Medem
Vladimir Davidovich Medem, né ''Grinberg'' (, ; 30 July 1879 – 9 January 1923), was a Russian Jewish politician and ideologue of the Jewish Labour Bund. The Medem Library in Paris, the largest European Yiddish institution, bears his name. Life Son of a Russian medical officer who had converted from Judaism to Lutheranism, Vladimir Medem was educated in a Minsk gymnasium. He studied later at the Kiev University and developed an interest in the Yiddish-speaking proletariat and their harsh living conditions. He was preoccupied by the fact that the Russian Jews had no nation and no right to strike. In spite of his interest in Jewish affairs, Medem did not re-convert to Judaism. However, when arrested in 1901 for activities as a Bund member, he identified himself to the police as a Jew. Medem only learned Yiddish at the age of 22; the language was taboo in his family environment. Because of a student strike in 1899, he had to leave the university, and at that time, inspir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arkadi Kremer
Arkadi Kremer (; ; born Aron Iosifovich Kremer, also known as Aleksandr Kremer, Solomon Kremer, and most frequently referred to as Arkady, his nickname; 1865–1935) was a Russian socialist leader known as the 'Father of the Bund' (the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia). This organisation was instrumental in the development of Russian Marxism, the Jewish labour movement and Jewish nationalism. Life and career Early life Arkadi Kremer was born in Švenčionys in Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day Lithuania), into a religious maskilic family. At age 12 he moved to Vilna, where he attended ''Realschule'' (Secondary School). Kremer subsequently studied at the St. Petersburg Technological Institute and the Riga Polytechnic. In the course of his studies, Kremer became involved in radical student politics and became involved in the Polish Marxist organization 'Proletariat'. He was first arrested in 1889. After some time in prison he was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbeter-ring In Yisroel – Brith Haavoda
The Arbeter-ring in Yisroel – Brith Haavoda ( - lit., Worker's Circle in Israel – Labor Alliance) was the Israeli branch of the International Jewish Labor Bund, launched in 1951 and disbanded in 2019.Shani Littman,An anti-Zionist Movement That Promoted Judaism as a Secular Culture Shuts Its Doors, ''Haaretz'', 19 September 2019 History The Bund in Israel was founded by Holocaust survivors, Holocaust refugees that settled in Israel as a result of the situation-post and having family in Israel rather than political conviction; many of them had come from states with active Bundist movements like Poland and Lithuania and had opposed Zionism in diaspora. During the 1950s and 60s the organisation had c.2,000 members. Upon its dissolution the organisation transferred most of its assets to the Beit Shalom Aleichem; a Yiddishist movement, Yiddishist-Zionist organisation. Electoral participation The Israeli Bund chapter presented a list at the 1959 Israeli legislative election, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Martov
Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum (24 November 1873 – 4 April 1923), better known as Julius Martov, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and a leader of the Mensheviks, a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). A close associate of Vladimir Lenin prior to 1903, Martov broke with him following the RSDLP's ideological schism, after which Lenin led the opposing faction, the Bolsheviks. Martov opposed Lenin's plan for a party restricted to professional revolutionaries, and called for a mass party modelled after Western European social democratic parties. Martov was born to a middle-class and politically active Jewish family in Constantinople. He was raised in Odessa and embraced Marxism after the Russian famine of 1891–1892. Martov briefly enrolled at Saint Petersburg Imperial University, but was later expelled and exiled to Vilna, where he developed influential ideas on worker agitation. Returning to Saint Petersburg in 1895, Martov collaborated with Vla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kehilla (modern)
The Kehilla (: ''Kehillot'') is the local Jewish communal structure that was reinstated in the early twentieth century as a modern, secular, and religious sequel of the '' qahal'' in Central and Eastern Europe, more particularly in Poland's Second Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Kingdom of Romania, Lithuania, Ukrainian People's Republic, during the interwar period (1918–1940), in application of the national personal autonomy. Unlike the ancient Qahal/Kehilla, abolished in the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas I in 1844, the modern Kehilla council was elected like a municipal council, with lists of candidates presented by the various Jewish parties: Agudat Yisrael, the religious and non religious Zionists, but also the marxist Bundists and Poalists, the liberal-minded secularist Folkists, et cetera. The initial project, as submitted by the Jewish delegations to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, was to constitute a National Jewish Council for each state, out of representatives fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin, his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the founder and leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin led the October Revolution which established the world's first socialist state. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism. Born into a middle-class family in Simbirsk in the Russian Empire, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after Aleksandr Ulyanov, his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Alexander III of Russia, the tsar. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
