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Blechnaceae
Blechnaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Its status as a family and the number of genera included have both varied considerably. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family has 24 genera, and excludes genera placed in the separate family Onocleaceae. The family is divided into three subfamilies, including Blechnoideae s.s. Alternatively, the entire family may be treated as the subfamily Blechnoideae s.l. of a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae, and include genera others place in Onocleaceae. Description Most are ground dwelling, some are climbers, such as '' Stenochlaena''. A characteristic feature of many species is that the young opening fronds are usually tinged with red. Taxonomy The family was created by Newman in 1844. In 2014, Christenhusz and Chase submerged it as subfamily Blechnoideae within the family Aspleniaceae and included Onocleaceae in it. The PPG I classif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiales
The Order (biology), order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including Tropics, tropical, semitropical and Temperate climate, temperate areas. Description Polypodiales are unique in bearing sporangia with a vertical Annulus (botany), annulus interrupted by the stalk and stomium. These sporangial characters were used by Johann Jakob Bernhardi to define a group of ferns he called the "Cathetogyratae"; the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group has suggested reviving this name as the informal term cathetogyrates, to replace the ambiguously circumscribed term "polypods" when referring to the Polypodiales. The sporangia are born on stalks 1–3 cells thick and are often long-stalked. (In contrast, the Hymenophyllales have a stalk composed of four rows of cells.) The sporangia do not reach maturity simultaneously. Many groups in the order lack Sorus, indusia, but when presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthiopteris Spicant
''Struthiopteris spicant'', syn. ''Blechnum spicant'', is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae, known by the common names hard-fern or deer fern. It is native to Europe, western Asia, northern Africa, and western North America. Like some other species in the family Blechnaceae, it has two types of leaves. The sterile leaves have flat, wavy-margined leaflets 5 to 8 millimeters wide, while the fertile leaves have much narrower leaflets, each with two thick rows of sori on the underside. The Latin specific epithet ''spicant'' is of uncertain origin, possibly referring to a tufted or spiky habit. ''S. spicant'' is hardy down to and evergreen, growing to . It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The species was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus as ''Osmunda spicant''. It has been placed in a wide range of genera, including ''Blechnum'' (as ''Blechnum spicant''). In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnum
''Blechnum'', known as hard fern, is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Two very different circumscriptions of the genus are used by different authors. In the PPG I system, based on Gasper et al. (2016), ''Blechnum'' is one of 18 genera in the subfamily Blechnoideae, and has about 30 species. Other sources use a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'' s.l., including accepting only two other genera in the subfamily. The genus then has about 250 species. In the PPG I circumscription, the genus is mostly neotropical, with a few southern African species. Description Plants in the genus ''Blechnum'' (as circumscribed in the PPG I classification) are mainly terrestrial or grow on rocks; few are epiphytes. Their rhizomes may be upright or creeping and have scales with entire margins or at most a few very small teeth. They generally form stolon In biology, a stolon ( from La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blechnidium
''Blechnidium'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species ''Blechnidium melanopus'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discove ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. References Blechnaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchistea
''Anchistea'' is a genus of Leptosporangiate fern, leptosporangiate ferns in the family Blechnaceae. It has only one species, ''Anchistea virginica'' (Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Woodwardia virginica'') the Virginia chain fern, which has long creeping, scaly, underground stems or rhizomes giving rise to tall (up to about 4 feet, 120 centimetres) widely separated, deciduous, single leaves. In contrast, the leaves of ''Osmundastrum cinnamomeum'', which can be mistaken for ''A. virginica'', grow in a group from a crown. Also in contrast to ''O. cinnamomeum'' the leaves are Monomorphism (biology), monomorphic without distinct fertile fronds. The lower Petiole (botany), petiole or Stipe (botany), stipe is dark purple to black, shiny and swollen, the upper rachis is dull green. The leaf blade is green and lanceolate, composed of 12 to 23 paired, alternate leaves, alternate pinnatifid pinnate, pinnae. The pinnae are subdivided into 15 to 20 paired segments that are ovate to ob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brainea
''Brainea'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, with a single species ''Brainea insignis'', according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discove ... classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined ''Blechnum'', equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily. References Blechnaceae Monotypic fern genera {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenochlaena
''Stenochlaena'' is a genus of ferns of the plant family Blechnaceae. Six species were formally accepted in an April 2013 scientific review of the genus, first written some years earlier and submitted in 2009. One additional species ''S. hainanensis'' awaits confirmation of its difference from ''S. palustris'' by means of differences in fertile material and/or its formal publication. One additional likely species grows naturally in Cameroon, Africa, recognised with the descriptive name ''Stenochlaena'' sp. 'Cameroon' but it awaits formal description. Some species of Stenochlaena are common climbing ferns in South-East Asian rainforests. Species The following list includes all species in this genus that are accepted by Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadleria
''Sadleria'' is a genus of six species of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, all endemic to Hawaii.Fern pages''Sadleria''/ref> Taxonomy Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss distinguished the genus in 1824 based on samples of ''S. cyatheoides'' acquired by Adelbert von Chamisso in 1821. Chamisso had been serving as the naturalist for a Russian scientific expedition led by Otto von Kotzebue aboard the vessel ''Rurick''. Kaulfuss named the genus after Joseph Sadler (1791–1849), a Hungarian naturalist who studied European ferns. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *'' Sadleria cyatheoides'' Kaulf. (amaumau fern or rasp fern) *'' Sadleria pallida'' Hook. & Arn. *'' Sadleria souleyetiana'' (Gaudich.) Moore *'' Sadleria squarrosa'' (Gaudich.) T.Moore *'' Sadleria unisora'' (Baker) Rob. *'' Sadleria wagneriana'' D.D.Palmer & Flynn The Halemaumau crater on Kīlauea Kīlauea ( , ) is an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthiopteris
''Struthiopteris'' is a genus of ferns belonging to the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae. Species In the circumscription used in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genus contains five species. The ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' places three of these species in the genus ''Spicantopsis''. *'' Struthiopteris amabilis'' (Makino) Ching (syn. ''Blechnum amabile'' Makino) = ''Spicantopsis amabilis'' (Makino) Nakai *'' Struthiopteris castanea'' (Makino & Nemoto) Nakai (syns ''Lomaria castanea'' Makino, ''Blechnum castaneum'' Makino & Nemoto) *'' Struthiopteris fallax'' (Lange) S.Molino, Gabriel y Galán & Wasowicz *'' Struthiopteris hancockii'' (Hance) Tagawa (syn. ''Blechnum hancockii'' Hance) = ''Spicantopsis hancockii'' (Hance) Masam. *'' Struthiopteris niponica'' (Kunze) Nakai (syns ''Lomaria niponica'' Kunze, ''Blechnum niponicum'' Makino) = ''Spicantopsis niponica'' (Kunze) Nakai *''Struthiopteris spicant ''Struthio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salpichlaena
''Salpichlaena'' is a genus containing two species of fern in the family Blechnaceae. Species of the genus are native to Central and South America. These ferns have climbing leaves with a rachis that twines around tree branches and other supports. Description Terrestrial climbers with creeping, scaly rhizomes. Leaves are monomorphic to dimorphic and glabrous. The blade is 2-pinnate, with alternate, imparipinnate pinnae. Pinnules are entire or serrated at the apex and pedunculated. The rachis can grow up to 15 meters, is highly climbing, and voluble. Veins are simple or 1-forked near the base, connected by a submarginal branch. Sori are deciduous, leaving an apparently sterile pinnule. The indusium is tubular, dark brown, splitting irregularly, and breaking into fragments. It has a chromosome number of x=40. ''Salpichlaena'' is characterized by its climbing rachis, entire pinnules, and sori elongated by the ribs. The only other genus in Mesoamerica with a climbing rachis is ''Lyg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onocleaceae
Onocleaceae is a small family of terrestrial ferns in the order Polypodiales. It is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family, along with Blechnaceae, may be placed in a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae as the subfamily Blechnoideae. The family may contain from one to four genera, consisting of five species largely in north temperate climes. The four genera, '' Matteuccia'', '' Onoclea'', '' Onocleopsis'' and '' Pentarhizidium'', may be included under the single genus ''Onoclea''. Description Members of the family have the following characteristics, being distinguished by having strongly dimorphic fronds, with the fertile fronds different from the sterile fronds. The rhizomes are long- to short-creeping to ascending, and sometimes stoloniferous (''Matteuccia'' and ''Onocleopsis''). The leaves are strongly dimorphic and the petioles have two vascular bundles uniting distally into a gut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telmatoblechnum
''Telmatoblechnum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Stenochlaenoideae. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' and ''Plants of the World Online'' accepted two species: *'' Telmatoblechnum indicum'' (Burm.f.) Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey *''Telmatoblechnum serrulatum ''Telmatoblechnum serrulatum'', the toothed midsorus fern, is a species of fern in the family Blechnaceae, native to Florida, southeastern Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, northern and western South America, Brazil, Paraguay, and northeaste ...'' (Rich.) Perrie, D.J.Ohlsen & Brownsey References Blechnaceae {{Polypodiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
