|
Benzothiophenes
The substituted benzothiophenes are a class of chemical compounds based on benzothiophene. They are closely related to the substituted benzofurans, substituted tryptamines, and to other chemical class, chemical groups such as the substituted benzodioxoles (or methylenedioxyphenyl group, phenyl compounds). Substituted benzothiophenes include the (2-aminopropyl)benzo[β]thiophenes (APBTs) 2-APBT, 3-APBT (SKF-6678), 4-APBT, 5-APBT, 5-MAPBT, 6-APBT, 6-MAPBT, and 7-APBT. These drugs have been found to act as serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (SNDRAs) and, in some cases, as potency (pharmacology), potent serotonin 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT2 receptor agonists, analogously to the entactogen MDMA. They do not produce hyperlocomotion in rodents, suggesting that they lack psychostimulant effects. However, those acting as serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists have been found to induce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic drug, psychedelic effects, in rodents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzothiophene Numbering
Benzothiophene is an aromatic organic compound with a molecular formula C8H6S and an odor similar to naphthalene (mothballs). It occurs naturally as a constituent of petroleum-related deposits such as lignite tar. Benzothiophene has no household use. In addition to benzo[b]thiophene, a second isomer is known: Benzo(c)thiophene, benzo[c]thiophene. Benzothiophene finds use in research as a starting material for the synthesis of larger, usually bioactive structures. It is found within the chemical structures of pharmaceutical drugs such as raloxifene, zileuton, and sertaconazole, and also BTCP. It is also used in the manufacturing of dyes such as thioindigo. Synthesis Most syntheses of benzothiophene create substituted benzothiophenes as a precursor to further reactions. An example is the reaction of an alkyne-substituted 2-bromobenzene with either sodium sulfide or potassium sulfide to form benzothiophene with an alkyl substitution at position 2. Thiourea can be used as a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2-APBT
2-APBT is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the benzothiophene family. It acts specifically as a fairly well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with values of 8.9nM for serotonin, 21.6nM for norepinephrine, and 38.6nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. 2-APBT was first described in the scientific literature Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical ... by 2020. See also * 3-APBT References External links 2-APBT - Isomer Design Amines Benzothiophenes Designer drugs Entactogens {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6-APBT
6-(2-Aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene (6-APBT) is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It is related to MDA and other MDA bioisosteres like the benzofurans. The drug acts as a potent and well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. 6-APBT does not increase locomotor activity in rodents and hence does not appear to have stimulant-like effects. However, it does produce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, and hence may have hallucinogenic effects. 6-APBT was first described in the scientific literature by 2020. See also * 5-APBT * 6-APB 6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran) is an empathogenic psychoactive drug of the substituted benzofuran and substituted phenethylamine classes. 6-APB and other compounds are sometimes informally called "Benzofury" in newspaper reports. It is ... * 6-APDB * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-MAPBT
5-MAPBT (5-methylaminopropylbenzothiophene) is an empathogenic drug of the benzothiophene group. It is closely related to 5-MAPB but with the oxygen atom replaced by sulfur, changing the core ring structure to benzothiophene rather than benzofuran. It has been patented by Tactogen as an entactogen for potential use as a medicine. See also * 5-MAPDI * BK-5-MAPB * IBF5MAP * MDMA * Methamnetamine Methamnetamine (also known as methylnaphetamine, MNA, MNT, MNAP, PAL-1046, and MY-10) is a triple monoamine releasing agent of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families. It is the ''N''-methyl analog of the non-neurotoxic experimental d ... * TDMA References {{Monoamine releasing agents Benzothiophenes Designer drugs Entactogens Secondary amines Substituted amphetamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-APBT
5-(2-Aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene (5-APBT) is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It is related to MDA and other MDA bioisosteres like the benzofurans. The drug acts as a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. It has approximately 4- and 9-fold preference for induction of serotonin release over norepinephrine and dopamine release, respectively, in rat brain synaptosomes. 5-APBT does not increase locomotor activity in rodents and hence does not appear to have stimulant-like effects. However, it does produce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, and hence may have hallucinogenic effects. 5-APBT was first described in the scientific literature by 2020. See also * 5-MAPBT * 6-APBT * 5-APB 5-APB (abbreviation of "5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran") is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the phen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-APBT
4-APBT, also known as 4-(2-aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene, is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It acts specifically as a fairly well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with values of 21.2nM for serotonin, 46.2nM for norepinephrine, and 66.6nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. 4-APBT was first described in the scientific literature by 2020. See also * 5-APBT * 6-APBT 6-(2-Aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene (6-APBT) is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It is related to MDA and other MDA bioisosteres like the benzofurans. The drug acts as a ... * 7-APBT References External links 4-APBT - Isomer Design Amines Benzothiophenes Designer drugs Entactogens Substituted amphetamines {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-APBT
3-APBT (former developmental code name SKF-6678), also known as 3-(2-aminopropyl)benzo �hiophene, is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the benzothiophene group. It is an analogue of α-methyltryptamine (AMT) in which the indole ring has been replaced with a benzothiophene ring. The drug acts as a potent and well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). It is also a full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. 3-APBT produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. It does not stimulate locomotor activity in rodents, suggesting that it does not possess stimulant-type effects. The drug has been reported be a weak monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), specifically of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) ( = 16,200nM). 3-APBT was developed by Smith, Kline & French (SKF) as a potential pharmaceutical drug in the late 1950s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7-APBT
7-APBT is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It acts specifically as a fairly well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with values of 36.9nM for serotonin, 28.5nM for norepinephrine, and 16.8nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. 7-APBT was first described in the scientific literature by 2020. See also * 4-APBT * 5-APBT * 6-APBT 6-(2-Aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene (6-APBT) is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It is related to MDA and other MDA bioisosteres like the benzofurans. The drug acts as a ... References External links 7-APBT - Isomer Design Amines Benzothiophenes Designer drugs Entactogens Substituted amphetamines {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenyl Group
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula , and is often represented by the symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen atom, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, the phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring. Nomenclature Usually, a "phenyl group" is synonymous with and is represented by the symbol Ph (archaically, Φ), or Ø. Benzene is sometimes denoted as PhH. Phenyl groups are generally attached to other atoms or groups. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an Receptor antagonist, antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. Etymology The word originates from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (''agōnistēs''), "contestant; champion; rival" < (''agōn''), "contest, combat; exertion, struggle" < (''agō''), "I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive." Types of agonists Receptor (biochemistry), Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as medication, drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonism an ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patent
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling disclosure of the invention."A patent is not the grant of a right to make or use or sell. It does not, directly or indirectly, imply any such right. It grants only the right to exclude others. The supposition that a right to make is created by the patent grant is obviously inconsistent with the established distinctions between generic and specific patents, and with the well-known fact that a very considerable portion of the patents granted are in a field covered by a former relatively generic or basic patent, are tributary to such earlier patent, and cannot be practiced unless by license thereunder." – ''Herman v. Youngstown Car Mfg. Co.'', 191 F. 579, 584–85, 112 CCA 185 (6th Cir. 1911) In most countries, patent rights fall under private la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
