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Battles And Operations Of The 1948 Arab–Israeli War
Following is a list of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war. Operations in the 1947–1948 inter-communal war in Palestine Arms acquisitions Following is a list of operations undertaken by the Yishuv and later Israel to acquire munitions abroad. First stage Following is a list of operations between May 15, 1948—the Arab invasion of Palestine—and June 11, 1948—the first truce of the war. Battles of the Ten Days and second truce Following is a list of battles and operations between the first and second truces of the war—July 8, 1948—July 18, 1948. This period was named "Battles of the Ten Days" in Israel. Also listed are Israeli operations during the second truce. Final stage Following is a list of battles and operations from the second truce of the war up to the 1949 Armistice Agreements. See also * 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine * 1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Palestine War
The 1948 Palestine war was fought in the territory of what had been, at the start of the war, British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. During the war, the British withdrew from Palestine, Zionist forces conquered territory and established the State of Israel, and over 700,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled. By the end of the war, the State of Israel had captured about 78% of former territory of the mandate, the Kingdom of Jordan had captured and later annexed the area that became the West Bank, and Egypt had captured the Gaza Strip. The war formally ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which established the Green Line demarcating these territories. It was the first war of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the broader Arab–Israeli conflict. The war had two main phases, the first being the 1947–1948 civil war, which began on 30 November 1947, a day after the United Nations voted to adopt the Partition Plan for Palestine, which planned for the division of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and is considered Holy city, holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital city; Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there, while Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Neither claim is widely Status of Jerusalem, recognized internationally. Throughout History of Jerusalem, its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, Siege of Jerusalem (other), besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times. According to Eric H. Cline's tally in Jerusalem Besieged. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David (historic), City of David shows first signs of settlement in the 4th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jebusite
The Jebusites (; ) were, according to the Book of Joshua and Books of Samuel from the Hebrew Bible, a Canaanite tribe that inhabited Jerusalem, called Jebus () before the conquest initiated by Joshua (, ) and completed by David (). According to some biblical chronologies, it was conquered in 1003 BC. A majority of scholars agree that the Book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel and reflects a much later period. 1 Chronicles 11:4 states that Jerusalem was known as Jebus before this event. Scholars sometimes dispute the identification of Jebus with Jerusalem. Identification of Jebus The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem has been disputed, principally by Niels Peter Lemche. Supporting his case, every non-biblical mention of Jerusalem found in the ancient Near East refers to the city as "Jerusalem". An example of these records are the Amarna letters, several of which were written by the chieftain of Jerusalem Abdi-Heba and call Jerusalem either () or ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Yevusi
Operation Yevusi (; Eng. "Jebusite"), also known as the Second Battle of Nebi Samwil, was a Palmach military operation carried out during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War to assert Jewish control over Jerusalem. The operation, commanded by Yitzhak Sadeh, lasted two weeks, from 22 April 1948 to 3 May 1948. Not all objectives were achieved before the British enforced a ceasefire. History Operation Yevusi was mounted in the wake of the Battle for Jerusalem (1948), Battle for Jerusalem. The operation had four objectives: Control of Nabi Samwil, Nabi Samuel, an Arab village northwest of Jerusalem and the highest point in the area; Sheikh Jarrah, an Arab residential quarter north of the city wall controlling the road to Mount Scopus; Katamon, a middle class, mainly Palestinian Christians, Arab Christian suburb of southwest Jerusalem; and Augusta Victoria Hospital, Augusta Victoria east of the Old City (Jerusalem), Old City. Nabi Samuel and Sheikh Jarrah The Harel Brigade arrived in Jerusal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hametz
''Chametz'' (also ''chometz'', ', ''ḥameṣ'', ''ḥameç'' and other spellings transliterated from ; ) are foods with leavening agents that are forbidden to Jews on the holiday of Passover. ''Chametz'' is a product that is both made from one of the five species of grain and has been combined with water and left to stand raw for longer than eighteen minutes (according to most opinions) and becomes leavened. This law appears several times in the Torah; according to ''halakha'' (Jewish law), Jews may not own, eat or benefit from ''chametz'' during Passover. The penalty for eating ''chametz'' on Passover is the divine punishment of ''kareth'' (cutting off). Etymology The adjective ''chametz'' is derived from the common Semitic root ''Ḥ''-'' M''-''Ṣ'', relating to bread, leavening, and baking. The related noun ''chimutz'' is the process of leavening or fermenting. It is cognate to the Aramaic , "to ferment, leaven" and the Arabic ''ḥamḍ'', "acid", ''ḥamuḍa'' "to be s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazur
Yazur (, ) was a Palestinian Arab town located east of Jaffa. Mentioned in 7th century BCE Assyrian texts, the village was a site of contestation between Muslims and Crusaders in the 12th-13th centuries. During the Fatimid period in Palestine, a number of important people were born in Yazur. In the modern era, the town was the birthplace of Ahmed Jibril, the founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC). Yazur was ethnically cleansed and during the Nakba. It was later demolished and the Israeli town of Azor, reflecting the site's ancient name, was constructed on the site. Etymology The earliest occurrence of the name is Babylonian A-zu-ru (in a Neo-Assyrian text from 701 B.C.E.) which is compatible with the Septuagint form Άζωρ. According to scholars, the name my derive from Semitic root ’-Z-R “to gird, encompass, equip”, originally in Hebrew but with cognates in Jewish Aramaic and Arabic. According to Marom and Zadok, " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salama, Jaffa
Salamah () was a Palestinian Arab village, located five kilometers east of Jaffa, that was depopulated in the lead-up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The town contains the supposed grave of Salama Abu Hashim, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His tomb, two village schools, and ten houses from among the over 800 houses that had made up the village, are all that remain of the structures of the former village today.Khalidi, 1992, pp. 254-5 Etymology According to modern toponymic analysis, Salamah /Salami/ originally consists of a formation of the semitic root Š-L-M“to yield, pay”, with the Aramaic suffix -ā. Local tradition ascribes the village name to Salama Abu Hashim. The historic road from Jaffa to the village is now a street on the border of Tel Aviv and Jaffa, still commonly called "Salameh road". History Ottoman era In 1596, under Ottoman rule, Salamah was a village in the ''nahiya'' of Ramla ('' liwa'' of Gaza), with a population of 17 Muslim househo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kafr 'Ana
Kafr 'Ana (, also: Kofr Ana) was a Palestinian town located east of Jaffa, built on the ancient site of Ono. In 1945, the town had an estimated population of 2,800 Arabs and 220 Jews. The village was captured by the Haganah in April during the 1948 Palestine war. A number of Palestinian villagers were killed and the rest fled or were expelled, whereafter the village was destroyed. Today, the old village site lies within the modern Israeli city of Or Yehuda. History Remains from the Chalcolithic Period and forward have been found here.Volynsky and Arbel, 2015,Or Yehuda/ref> The Canaanites and Israelites referred to the town as '' Ono'' (), which name continued all throughout the First and Second Temple periods. In Aramaic, the name means “The village of the sheep”. Byzantine period Jewish classical writings mention the city as being formerly enclosed by a wall. Kafr 'Ana was known as ''Onous'' in the Byzantine era,Khalidi, 1992, p. 247 and ceramics from that era have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-'Abbasiyya
Al-'Abbasiyya (), also known as al-Yahudiya (), was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict. It was attacked under Operation Hametz during the 1948 Palestine War, and finally depopulated under Operation Dani. It was located 13 km east of Jaffa. Some of the remains of the village can be found today in the centre of the modern Israeli city of Yehud. History In 1596, ''Yahudiya'' appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the ''Nahiya'' of Ramla of the '' Liwa'' of Gaza. It had a population of 126 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops or fruit trees, sesame, and goats or beehives. In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village called ''el-Yehudiyeh'' in the Lydda administrative region.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p.121/ref> The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called ''Yehoudieh'', in 1863, and found it to have a population of more than 1,000 people. The houses were made of adobe bricks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Hametz
Operation Hametz (, ''Mivtza Hametz''; 25–30 April 1948) was an operation to conquer towns around Jaffa conducted by Zionist forces as part of Plan Dalet shortly before the termination of the British Mandate for Palestine, in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war. The operation, which led to the first direct battle between the British and the Irgun, was seen as a great victory for the latter, and enabled the Irgun to take credit for the complete conquest of Jaffa that happened on May 13.Bell, Bowyer J.: ''Terror out of Zion'' (1976) The battle was the first and only time that the British became heavily involved in fighting between the Jews and the Arabs during the 1948 Palestine war. Background Hours after the UN resolution to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, sniper fire was exchanged by both Jewish and Arab fighters between Jaffa and Tel Aviv. During the same time, 30,000 people left Jaffa, leaving a population of between 50,000 and 60,000. The o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaffa
Jaffa (, ; , ), also called Japho, Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine Sea, Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part. The city sits atop a naturally elevated outcrop on the Mediterranean coastline. Excavations at Jaffa indicate that the city was settled as early as the Bronze Age, Early Bronze Age. The city is referenced in several ancient Ancient Egypt, Egyptian and Neo-Assyrian Empire, Assyrian documents. Biblically, Jaffa is noted as one of the boundaries of the tribe of Dan and as a port through which Cedrus libani, Lebanese cedars were imported for the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. Under Achaemenid Empire, Persian rule, Jaffa was given to the Phoenicians. The city features in the biblical story of Jonah and the Greek legend of Andromeda (mythology), Andromeda. Later, the city served as the major port of Hasmonean Judea. However, its importance declined during the Roman Empire, Roman perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irgun
The Irgun (), officially the National Military Organization in the Land of Israel, often abbreviated as Etzel or IZL (), was a Zionist paramilitary organization that operated in Mandatory Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the older and larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. The Irgun policy was based on what was then called Revisionist Zionism founded by Ze'ev Jabotinsky. Two of the most infamous operations for which the Irgun were known; the bombing of the British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946 and the Deir Yassin massacre that killed at least 107 Palestinian Arab villagers, including women and children, carried out with Lehi on 9 April 1948. The organization committed acts of terrorism against Palestinian Arabs, as well as against the British authorities, who were regarded as illegal occupiers. In particular the Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, British, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
