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Apoidea
The superfamily Apoidea is a major group (of over 30 000 species) within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from within the traditional " Crabronidae", so that grouping is paraphyletic, and this has led to a reclassification to produce monophyletic families.Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8 Diagnostic features Apoid wasps and bees have several traits in common:O'Neill, K.M. (2008). Apoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Spheciformes). In: Capinera, J.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10300 * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philanthidae
Philanthidae is one of the largest families of wasp in the superfamily Apoidea, with 1167 species in 8 genera. Most of the species (more than 870) are in the genus '' Cerceris''. Taxonomy and phylogeny Historically, this group has frequently been accorded family status. Later interpretations include status as a subfamily of a broadly-defined Sphecidae or Crabronidae. Subsequent revision of the superfamily Apoidea has elevated the group back to family status. Behavior The family consists of solitary, predatory wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground for nesting. As with all other apoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lays their eggs, mass provisioning Mass provisioning is a form of parental investment in which an adult insect, most commonly a hymenopteran such as a bee or wasp, stocks all the food for each of her offspring in a small chamber (a "cell") befor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temnogynidae
Temnogynidae is an extinct family of apoid wasps, found only in Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. Th .... The family was erected in 2024 with two genera. One of the genera was initially given the same name as a genus of spiders, '' Rhabdogyna''. This name was later replaced by '' Rhapidogyna''. References Apoidea Hymenoptera families {{Apoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spheciformes
The Spheciformes is a paraphyletic assemblage of insect families which collectively comprise the "sphecoid wasps", and includes about 10,000 species and several hundred genera. The largest genus is '' Cerceris'' (Philanthidae), with almost 900 species. Larvae are carnivorous, consuming prey captured by adult females and typically paralyzed with venom, provisioned in underground nests. Spheciformes includes all the members of the superfamily Apoidea The superfamily Apoidea is a major group (of over 30 000 species) within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees. Molecular phylogeny demonstrates that the bees arose from ... which are not bees and which in older classifications were called the "Sphecoidea". The group includes familiar types of wasps such as mud daubers, digger wasps, sand wasps, cicada killers, and cockroach wasps. The group is paraphyletic because bees are believed to have arisen fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenotritidae
The Stenotritidae is the smallest of all formally recognised bee families, with only 21 species in two genera, all of them restricted to Australia. Historically, they were generally considered to belong in the family Colletidae, but the stenotritids are presently considered their sister taxon, and deserving of family status. Of prime importance is that the stenotritids have unmodified mouthparts, whereas colletids are separated from all other bees by having bilobed Tongue, glossae. The American entomologist Ronald J. McGinley proposed their position as an independent family based on the morphology of the glossae in 1980. This view quickly became established. They are large, densely hairy, fast-flying bees, which make simple burrows in the ground and firm, ovoid provision masses in cells lined with a waterproof secretion. The nests of some species can reach a depth of more than three metres. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astatidae
Astatidae is a cosmopolitan family of solitary wasps, peculiar for their males having very large compound eyes that broadly meet at the top of the head. The largest genus in this family is ''Astata'', with about half of more than 160 species in the family. Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea published in 2018 suggested that Astatinae, along with several other subfamilies a tribe and a subtribe, should be promoted to family rank: Ammoplanina to Ammoplanidae, Astatinae to Astatidae, Bembicinae to Bembicidae, Mellininae to Mellinidae, Pemphredoninae (minus Psenini and Ammoplanina) to Pemphredonidae, Philanthinae to Philanthidae Philanthidae is one of the largest families of wasp in the superfamily Apoidea, with 1167 species in 8 genera. Most of the species (more than 870) are in the genus '' Cerceris''. Taxonomy and phylogeny Historically, this group has frequently ..., and Psenini to Psenidae. References Apoidea Apocrita families Biological pest control wasps [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crabronidae
The Crabronidae is a large family of wasps within the superfamily Apoidea. Taxonomy and phylogeny This family has historically been treated as a subfamily in the now-defunct Spheciformes group under the family Sphecidae. The Spheciformes included well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species. Revision of these taxa resulted resulted in the restriction of the Sphecidae to what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. As a result, the former Crabroninae was elevated to family status as Crabronidae. Subsequent revision has further restricted the Crabronidae. Several of the subfamilies of the Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies. Of these lineages of Apoidea, only three were not included within Crabronidae in the past: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, and Anthophila. The following phylogenetic tree is based on Sann ''et al.'', 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees ( Anthophila) and the Sphe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melittidae
Melittidae is a small bee family, with over 200 described species in three subfamilies. The family has a limited distribution, with all described species restricted to Africa and the northern temperate zone. Fossil melittids have been found occasionally in Eocene amber deposits, including those of Oise, France and the Baltic amber. Evolution Early molecular work suggested that the family Melittidae was sister taxon, sister to all other bees, and also that it was paraphyletic. Because of this finding, it was suggested that the three subfamilies of Melittidae should be elevated to family status. Neither study included many melittids, due to their rarity. Later studies suggested that the family could still be monophyletic and a 2013 investigation including a greater number of melittid bees further supports this. Recent research has shown that Melittids have a lower extinction rate compared to other hymenopterans, yet this family is considered species-poor. This is attributed to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halictidae
Halictidae is the second-largest family of bees (clade Anthophila) with nearly 4,500 species. They are commonly called sweat bees (especially the smaller species), as they are often attracted to perspiration. Halictid species are an extremely diverse group that can vary greatly in appearance. These bees occur all over the world and are found on every continent except Antarctica. Usually dark-colored (frequently brown or black) and often metallic, halictids are found in various sizes, colors and patterns. Several species are all or partly green and a few are red, purple, or blue. A number of them have yellow markings, especially the males, which commonly have yellow faces, a pattern widespread among the various families of bees. The family is one of many with short tongues and is best distinguished by the arcuate (strongly curved) basal vein found on the wing. Females in this family tend to be larger than the males. They are the group for which the term 'eusocial' was first coined b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angarosphecidae
Angarosphecidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic and early Cenozoic wasps in the superfamily Apoidea. Taxonomy * '' Angarosphex'' (synonyms ''Calobaissodes'' , ''Mataeosphex'' , ''Palaeapis'' , ''Shandongodes'' **''An. alethes'' - Cenomanian Burmese amber, Myanmar **''An. baektoensus'' - Barremian/Aptian, Sinuiju Formation, North Korea **''An. beiboziensis'' - Aptian Laiyang Formation, China **''An. bleachi'' - Hauterivian, Clockhouse Brickworks, Weald Clay, United Kingdom **''An. consensus'' - Hauterivian, Clockhouse Brickworks, Weald Clay, United Kingdom **''An. goldringi'' - Hauterivian, Auclaye Brickworks, Weald Clay, United Kingdom **''An. lithodes'' - Aptian Laiyang Formation, Yixian Formation, China **''An. lithographicus'' - Hauterivian/Barremian La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Spain **''An. magnus'' - Barremian Crato Formation, Brazil **''An. myrmicopterus'' - Aptian Baissa, Zaza Formation, Russia **''An. niger'' - Aptian, Turga Formation, Russia **' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psenidae
Psenidae is a family of aphid wasps in the superfamily Apoidea formerly treated as the tribe Psenini. There are 12 genera and at least 485 described species of Psenidae. Taxonomy and phylogeny As Psenini, this taxon was previously treated as one of 4 tribes under the subfamily Pemphredoninae within Crabronidae. Following phylogenetic analyses Crabronidae was found to be paraphyletic due to the exclusion of Anthophila. As part of this revision, Pemphredoninae was also found to be polyphyletic and was split into 4 families. Psenini and Odontosphecini were combined and elevated to Psenidae. Ammoplanina (a subtribe of Pemphredonini) was elevated to Ammoplanidae, the remaining Pemphredonini to Pemphredonidae, and Entomosericini to Entomosericidae. Psenidae is the sister lineage to Ammoplanidae, while Pemphredonidae is sister to Philanthidae. Genera These 12 genera belong to the family Psenidae: * '' Ammopsen'' Krombein, 1959 * '' Deinomimesa'' Perkins, 1899 * ''Lithium'' Finnamore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemphredonidae
Pemphredonidae is a family of aphid wasps formerly treated as the subfamily Pemphredoninae. There are 19 genera and 556 described species in the family. Description and identification The primary morphological distinction between the Pemphredondae and the Psenidae is that Pemphredondae never have more than two submarginal cells in their forewing while Psenidae have three submarginal cells. Biology The subfamily consists of solitary wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground, or plant material, for nesting. As with all other apoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lay their eggs, mass provisioning the nest cells with paralyzed, living prey that the larvae feed upon after hatching from the egg. Taxonomy and phylogeny As Pemphredoninae, this taxon was previously divided into four tribes: Entomosericini, Odontosphecini, Psenini, and Pemphredonini. The Pemphredonini were con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrenidae
The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diversity is located in temperate or arid areas (warm temperate xeric). It includes some enormous genera (e.g., ''Andrena'' with over 1300 species, and ''Perdita (bee), Perdita'' with over 700). One of the subfamilies, Oxaeinae, is so different in appearance that they were typically accorded family status, but careful phylogenetic analysis reveals them to be an offshoot within the Andrenidae, very close to the Andreninae.C. D. Michener (2007) ''The Bees of the World'', 2nd Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press. Description The Andrenidae are typically small to moderate-sized bees, which often have scopa (biology), scopae on the basal segments of the leg in addition to the arthropod leg, tibia, and are commonly oligolectic (especially within the subfamily Panurginae). They can be separated from other bee familie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
