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Andic Languages
The Andic languages are a branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. They are often grouped together with the Avar language Avar (, , "language of the mountains" or , , "Avar language"), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic languages, Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars (Caucasus), Av ... and (formerly) with the Tsezic (Didoic) languages to form an Avar–Andic (or Avar–Andic–Didoic) branch of that family. Internal branching Schulze (2009) gives the following family tree: * Andic languages ** Andi (Qwannab) ** Akhvakh–Tindi *** Akhvakh *** Karata–Tindi **** Karata (Kirdi) **** Botlikh–Tindi ***** Botlikh ***** Godoberi ***** Chamalal ***** Bagvalal–Tindi ****** Bagvalal ****** Tindi References Northeast Caucasian languages {{NortheastCaucasian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagestan
Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Federal District. The republic is the southernmost tip of Russia, sharing land borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia to the south and southwest, the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia to the west and north, and with Stavropol Krai to the northwest. Makhachkala is the republic's capital and largest city; other major cities are Derbent, Kizlyar, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, and Buynaksk. Dagestan covers an area of , with a population of over 3.1 million, consisting of over 30 ethnic groups and 81 nationalities. With 14 official languages, and 12 ethnic groups each constituting more than 1% of its total population, the republic is one of Russia's most linguistically and ethnically diverse, and one of the most heteroge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeast Caucasian Languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to ''Pontic languages'' for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a language family, family of languages spoken in the Republics of Russia, Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia (country), Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages. Name of the family Several names have been in use for this family. The most common term, ''Northeast Caucasian'', contrasts the three established families of the Caucasian languages: ''Northeast Caucasian'', ''Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian'' (Abkhaz–Adyghean) and ''South Caucasian'' (Kartvelian languages, Kartvelian). This may be shortened to ''East Caucasian''. The term ''Nakh(o)-Dagestanian'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar–Andic Languages
The Avar–Andic languages form one of the seven main branches of Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language family. It branches into the Andic languages and the Avar language. The latter, with 800,000 speakers, serves as a literary language for 60,000 speakers of the Andic branch as well as for speakers of the related Tsezic languages, Tsezic (Didoic) languages. The table below shows regional dialects encompassed in the Avar-Andic languages, as well as other language groups in the Northeast Caucasian language family. Included are the Andi language, Andic language, Akhvakh language, Bagvalal language, Botlikh language, Chamalal language, Godoberi language, Karata-Tukita language, Karata language, Tindi language, and Avar language. All Avar–Andic languages are under some degree of lexical influence from Avar, with over 400 separate Avar roots represented in various Andic languages dating from earlier borrowings more universally represented across Andic to modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar Language
Avar (, , "language of the mountains" or , , "Avar language"), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic languages, Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars (Caucasus), Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia. Geographic distribution It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zaqatala Rayon, Zaqatala regions of north-western Azerbaijan. Some Avars (Caucasus), Avars live in other regions of Russia. There are also small communities of speakers living in the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia; in Georgia (country), Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Jordan, and the Marmara Sea region of Turkey. It is spoken by about 1,200,000 people worldwide. UNESCO classifies Avar as vulnerable to extinction. Status It is one of six literary languages of Dagestan, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsezic Languages
The Tsezic languages (also called Didoic languages) form one of the seven main branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family. It branches into Tsez–Hinukh and Bezhta–Hunzib–Khwarshi, according to research published in 2009.The Languages of the Caucasus, by Wolfgang Schulze (2009) They were formerly classified geographically into East Tsezic ( Hinukh and Bezhta) and West Tsezic ( Tsez, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andi Language
Andi is a Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian language belonging to the Avar–Andic languages, Avar–Andic branch spoken by about 5,800 ethnic Andi (people), Andi (2010) in the Botlikh people, Botlikh region of Dagestan. The language is spoken in the villages Andi village, Andi (along the river Andi-Koisu), Gunkha, Gagatli, Gagatl, Ashali, Rikvani, Chanko (village), Chanko, Zilo, and Kvanxidatl. Dialects There are four main dialects, Munin, Rikvani, Kvanxidatl, and Gagatl, which appear quite divergent. However, the dialects can be said to vary between villages: the "upper-group" contains Andi, Gagatl, Rikvani, and Zilo (where Andi and Zilo are considered their own dialects), whereas the "lower-group" contains Munin and Kvanxidatl. The upper-group lacks the affricate sound . Phonology Andi has 43 consonants: There are five vowels: . Orthography Although Andi is usually unwritten, there are attempts to write the language using Russian Cyrillic script. Speakers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhvakh Language
The Akhvakh language (also spelled ''Axvax, Akhwakh'') is a Northeast Caucasian language from the Avar–Andic branch. ''Ethnologue'' lists 210 speakers based on the 2010 census, but Magomedova and Abulaeva (2007) list 20,000 speakers of the language, and the 2021 Russian census gave 7,521 speakers in Russia. There are also some 1,000-2,000 speakers in Akhvakh-Dere, a village in Zagatala District, Azerbaijan. It is the most divergent out of all of the Andic languages. Dialects Akhvakh has several dialects, though sources do not agree on the number. ''Ethnologue'' lists Kaxib, Northern Akhvakh and Southern Akhvakh (which can be further subdivided into the Tlyanub and Tsegob subdialects). Creissels (2010) lists Northern Akhvakh and three dialects of Southern Akhvakh (Cegob, Tljanub, and Ratlub). Glottolog considers the Northern and Southern dialects to be separate languages. Phonology Consonants As with Avar, there are competing analyses of the distinction transcribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karata Language
Karata () is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southern Dagestan, Russia by 9,549 Karata in 2020. There are ten towns in which the language is traditionally spoken: Karata, Anchix, Tukita, Rachabalda, Lower Inxelo, Mashtada, Archo, Chabakovo, Racitl, and formerly Siux. Speakers use Avar as their literary language. Dialects The language has two dialects, Karata and Tukita, which slightly differ in phonetics and morphology but are mutually intelligible. Tukita is sometimes considered a separate language, on the basis of lexicostatistics. There are also four subdialects; ''Anchikh, Archi, Ratsitl'' and ''Rachabalda'', named after their respective villages''.'' Phonology Consonants Karata has 45 consonants. *The glottal stop The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many Speech communication, spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botlikh Language
Botlikh (also spelled Botlix) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Botlikhs in the villages of Botlikh (Buikhe), Miarso and Ashino, as well as in Chontaul, Ankho and in , in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people, according to the 2020 census. Dialects Botlikh has two dialects, being Botlikh proper and Miarso. Differences in phonology and morphology are small, and the two are mutually intelligible. Phonology Vowels Botlikh has five basic vowels. Vowels can also be long or nasalized In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation in British English) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth. An archetypal nasal sound is . .... Consonants Orthography Botlikh is unwritten, and Botlikhs have mostly used Avar as their medium of written communication. When Botlikhs need to write their language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Godoberi Language
Godoberi (also rendered Ghodoberi; self-designation ''Ghibdilhi mittsi'') is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Godoberi in southwestern Dagestan, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders .... It is spoken by approximately 3000 people out of an ethnic population of 3,000. There are two dialects - Godoberi and Zibirhali, which differ mainly in pronunciation. History The history of the Godoberis is unknown. The Godoberi language is the main thing distinguishes the cultural group from other groups in the area. When compared to other Andic languages, Godoberi is most similar to Chamalal and Botlikh. Some words are borrowed from by Avar, Turkish, and Arabic. After being incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamalal Language
Chamalal (also called Camalal or Chamalin) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,100 ethnic Chamalals. It has three quite distinct dialects, Gadyri, Gakvari, and Gigatl. Classification Chamalal has three distinct dialects: Gadyri (Gachitl-Kvankhi), Gakvari (Agvali-Richaganik-Tsumada-Urukh), and Gigatl (Hihatl). There are also two more dialects: Kwenkhi, Tsumada. Derived languages Gigatl (Hihatl) and Chamalal proper (with Gadyri, Gakvari, Tsumada and Kwenkhi dialects) are considered to be sublanguages. Geographic distribution The approximately 500 ethnic speakers live in eight villages in the Tsumadinsky District on the left bank of the Andi-Koisu river in the Dagestan Republic and in the Chechnya Republic. The speakers are mostly Muslim, primarily following Sunni Islam since the 8th or 9th century. Official status There are no countries with Chamalal as an official language. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagvalal Language
The Bagvalal language (Bagulal) is an Avar–Andic language spoken by the Bagvalals in southwestern Dagestan, Russia, along the right bank of the river Andi-Koisu and the surrounding hills, near the Georgian border. It is fairly similar to Tindi, its closest relative. The 2020 Russian census recorded 2,297 Bagvalal speakers. Dialects Bagvalal has three dialects which are named after the names of the villages in which they are spoken in, being Kwanada, Khushtada, and Tlisi. Only the Tlisi dialect has been studied to a certain significance, because of its similarities to the Tindi language. Speakers Bagvalal has been suffering severe problems and is in serious danger of extinction. The schooling and cultural revolution have contributed to Bagvalal's serious decline. Bagvalal pupils are taught in Avar in primary school, and in secondary school they are taught in Russian. Between 1950 and 1970, Bagvalals migrated to different districts in the Astrakhan province of Russia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
