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Amorphea Subphyla
Amorphea is a taxonomic supergroup that includes the basal Amoebozoa and Obazoa. That latter contains the Opisthokonta, which includes the fungi, animals and the choanoflagellates. The taxonomic affinities of the members of this clade were originally described and proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002. The International Society of Protistologists, the recognised body for taxonomy of protozoa, recommended in 2012 that the term Unikont be changed to Amorphea because the name "Unikont" is based on a hypothesized synapomorphy that the ISOP authors and other scientists later rejected. It includes amoebozoa, opisthokonts, and apusomonads. Taxonomic revisions within this group Thomas Cavalier-Smith proposed two new phyla: Sulcozoa, which consists of the subphyla Apusozoa ( Apusomonadida and Breviatea), and Varisulca, which includes the subphyla Diphyllatea, Discocelida, Mantamonadidae, Planomonadida and Rigifilida. Further work by Cavalier-Smith showed that Sulcoz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichthyosporea
The Ichthyosporea (or DRIP clade, or Mesomycetozoea) are a small group of Opisthokonta in Eukaryota (formerly protists), mostly parasites of fish and other animals. Significance They are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling-group of the clade Filozoa, which includes the animals. Huldtgren et al., following x-ray tomography of microfossils of the Ediacaran The Ediacaran ( ) is a geological period of the Neoproterozoic geologic era, Era that spans 96 million years from the end of the Cryogenian Period at 635 Million years ago, Mya to the beginning of the Cambrian Period at 538.8 Mya. It is the las ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choanoflagellate
Choanoflagellates are a group of free-living unicellular and colonial flagellate eukaryotes considered to be the closest living relatives of animals. The name refers to the characteristic funnel-shaped "collar" of interconnected microvilli and the presence of a flagellum. Choanoflagellates are found globally in aquatic environments, and they are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists studying the origins of multicellularity in animals. The flagellum of choanoflagellates is surrounded by microvilli at its base. Movement of the flagellum creates water currents that can propel free-swimming choanoflagellates through the water column and trap bacteria and detritus against the microvilli, where these foodstuffs are engulfed. This feeding plays an ecological role in the carbon cycle by linking different trophic levels. Choanoflagellates bear morphological similarities to the choanocyte, a type of cell in sponges. As the proposed sister group to Animalia, choanoflagellate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantamonadidae
Mantamonads are a group of free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces (rather than swimming). They are classified as one genus ''Mantamonas'' in the monotypic family Mantamonadidae, order Mantamonadida, class Glissodiscea and phylum Mantamonadea.Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2025. ''AlgaeBase''. World-wide electronic publication, University of Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; searched on 12 June 2025. Previously, they were classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusomonadida on the basis of rRNA analyses. However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the Diphylleida and Rigifilida. Morphology ''Mantamonas'' are heterotrophic unicellular protists. Their cells are flattened, relatively plastic and asymmetric. They have one thin anterior flagellum and one conspicuous posterior flagellum, on which they glide. The cells have a right hump, likely caused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collodictyonidae
Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr .... Recent molecular analyses place collodictyonids (e.g. '' Collodictyon'') in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea. Phylogeny Taxonomy * Class Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 nisomonadea ; Diphyllatia Cavalier-Smith 2003** Order Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 ollodictyonida *** Family Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 **** Genus '' Sulcomonas'' Brugerolle 2006 ***** Species '' S. lacustris'' Brugerolle 2006 *** Family Collodictyon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varisulca
Varisulca was a proposed basal Podiate taxon. It encompassed several lineages of heterotrophic protists, most notably the ancyromonads (planomonads), collodictyonids (diphylleids), rigifilids (''Rigifila'', ''Micronuclearia'') and mantamonads. Recent evidence suggests that the latter three are closely related to each other, forming a clade called CRuMs, but that this is unlikely to be specifically related to ancyromonads. Cavalier-Smith had proposed the new subphylum Varisulca which consists of the classes Hilomonadea, Diphyllatea and Glissodiscea. The validity of this proposed taxonomy has yet to ruled upon by the Society of Protistologists. It is unlikely to be widely accepted, since Varisulca appears to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic (ancyromonads are not inferred to be the sister group to CRuMs). Glissodiscea and Multirhiza (a taxon encompassing Diphyllatea and Glissodiscea) also appear paraphyletic or polyphyletic, since ''Mantamonas'' belongs to CRuMs but ancyromon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
