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Agaricus
''Agaricus'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom ('' A. bisporus'') and the field mushroom ('' A. campestris''), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West. Taxonomy Several origins of genus name ''Agaricus'' have been proposed. It possibly originates from ancient Sarmatia Europaea, where people Agari, promontory Agarum and a river Agarus were known (all located on the northern shore of Sea of Azov, probably, near modern Berdiansk in Ukraine). Note also Greek , agarikón, "a sort of tree fungus" (There has been an ''Agaricon'' Adans. genus, treated by Donk in ''Persoonia'' 1:180.) For many years, members of the genus ''Agaricus'' were given the generic name ''Psalliota'', and this can still be seen in older books on mushrooms. All proposals to conserve ''Agaricus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus (subgenus)
''Agaricus'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible mushroom, edible and mushroom poisoning, poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom (''Agaricus bisporus, A. bisporus'') and the field mushroom (''Agaricus campestris, A. campestris''), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West. Taxonomy Several origins of genus name ''Agaricus'' have been proposed. It possibly originates from ancient Sarmatia Europaea, where people Agari, promontory Agarum and a river Agarus were known (all located on the northern shore of Sea of Azov, probably, near modern Berdiansk in Ukraine). Note also Greek , agarikón, "a sort of tree fungus" (There has been an ''Agaricon'' Adans. genus, treated by Donk in ''Persoonia'' 1:180.) For many years, members of the genus ''Agaricus'' were given the generic name ''Psalliota'', and this can still be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus Campestris
''Agaricus campestris'' is a widely eaten gilled mushroom closely related to the cultivated '' A. bisporus'' (button mushroom). ''A. campestris'' is commonly known as the field mushroom or, in North America, meadow mushroom. It is edible but resembles some poisonous species. Taxonomy This species was originally noted and named in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus as ''Agaricus campestris''. It was placed in the genus '' Psalliota'' by Lucien Quelet in 1872. Some variants have been isolated over the years, a few of which now have species status, for example, '' Agaricus bernardii'' Quel. (1878), '' Agaricus bisporus'' (J.E. Lange) Imbach (1946), '' Agaricus bitorquis'' (Quel.) Sacc. (1887), '' Agaricus cappellianus'' Hlavacek (1987), and '' Agaricus silvicola'' (Vittad.) Peck (1872). Some were so similar they did not warrant even varietal status, while others have retained it. ''Agaricus campestris'' var. ''equestris'' (F.H.Moller) Pilat (1951) is still valid. ''A. ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus Cupreobrunneus
''Agaricus cupreobrunneus'', commonly known as the copper mushrooomhttps://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/field_mycology/english-names or brown field mushroom, is an edible mushroom of the genus ''Agaricus''. Description The brown cap is wide with flattened reddish-brown fibrils. The white stalk is tall and 1–2 cm wide. The spores are dark brown, elliptical, and smooth. Similar species ''A. cupreobrunneus'' is similar in general appearance to a number of other ''Agaricus'' species, especially to ''A. campestris''. It also bears strong similarities to '' A. argenteus'', '' A. augustus'', '' A. hondensis'', '' A. porphyrocephalus'', and '' A. rutilescens''. The only potential lookalikes of ''A. cupreobrunneus'' that are poisonous are yellow- or red-staining, or occur in much different habitats. Distribution and habitat ''Agaricus cupreobrunneus'' tends to fruit in disturbed areas and grassy places, such as lawns, pastures, and roadsides. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus Bisporus
''Agaricus bisporus'', commonly known as the cultivated mushroom, is a basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Eurasia and North America. It is cultivated in more than 70 countries and is one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world. It has two color states while immature – white and brown – both of which have various names, with additional names for the mature state, such as chestnut, portobello, portabellini, button and champignon de Paris. ''A. bisporus'' has some poisonous lookalikes in the wild, such as '' Entoloma sinuatum''. Description The pileus or cap of the original wild species is a pale grey-brown, with broad, flat scales on a paler background and fading toward the margins. It is first hemispherical before flattening out with maturity, typically measuring in diameter. The narrow, crowded gills are free and initially pink, then red-brown, and finally a dark brown with a whitish edge from the cheilocystidia. The cylindrical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (Stipe (mycology), stipe), a cap (Pileus (mycology), pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. Lamella (mycology), lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems; therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. The gills produce microscopic Spore#Fungi, spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard Morphology (biology), morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edible Mushroom
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy fruit bodies of numerous species of macrofungi (fungi that bear fruiting structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye). Edibility may be defined by criteria including the absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Mushrooms that have a particularly desirable taste are described as "''choice''". Edible mushrooms are consumed for their nutritional and culinary value. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are sources of umami flavor. To ensure safety, wild mushrooms must be correctly identified before their edibility can be assumed. Deadly poisonous mushrooms that are frequently confused with edible mushrooms include several species of the genus ''Amanita'', particularly '' A. phalloides'', the death cap. Some mushrooms that are edible for most people can cause allergic reactions in others; old or improperly stored specimens can go rancid and cause food poisoning. Additionally, mushrooms can absor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Poisoning
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxicity, toxic substances. Signs and symptoms, Symptoms can vary from slight Gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus. Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a Mycotoxin, toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general Morphology (biology), morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are Thermostability, thermostable and mushrooms containing such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultivated Mushroom
Fungiculture is the cultivation of fungi such as mushrooms. Cultivating fungi can yield foods (which include mostly mushrooms), medicine, construction materials and other products. A ''mushroom farm'' is involved in the business of growing fungi. The word is also commonly used to refer to the practice of cultivation of fungi by animals such as leafcutter ants, termites, ambrosia beetles, and marsh periwinkles. Overview As fungi, mushrooms require different conditions than plants for optimal growth. Plants develop through photosynthesis, a process that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, especially cellulose. While sunlight provides an energy source for plants, mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium, through biochemical decomposition processes. This does not mean that light is an irrelevant requirement, since some fungi use light as a signal for fruiting. However, all the materials for growth must already be p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Kummer
Paul Kummer (22 August 1834 – 6 December 1912) was a Minister (Christianity), minister, teacher, and scientist in Zerbst, Germany, known chiefly for his contribution to mycological botanical nomenclature, nomenclature. Earlier Taxonomy (biology), classification of agarics by pioneering fungal taxonomist Elias Magnus Fries designated only a very small number of genus, genera, with most species falling into ''Agaricus''. These few genera were divided into many ''tribus'' ("tribes"; not Tribe (biology), tribes in the modern sense). In his 1871 work, ''Der Führer in die Pilzkunde'', Kummer raised the majority of Fries ''"tribus"'' to the status of genus, thereby establishing many of the generic names for agarics that are in use to this day. In 1874 he issued the work ''Der Führer in die Flechtenkunde'' with numbered lichen specimens arranged in two plates like an exsiccata. From 1857 to 1863, he worked as a private lecturer, then served as a curate in Zerbst (1863–1877). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Section (taxonomy)
In biology a section () is a taxonomic rank that is applied differently in botany and zoology. In botany Within flora (plants), 'section' refers to a ''botanical'' rank below the genus, but above the species: * Domain > Kingdom > Division > Class > Order > Family > Tribe > Genus > Subgenus > Section > Subsection > Species In zoology Within fauna (animals), 'section' refers to an uncommonly used ''zoological'' rank below the order, but above the family: * Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Section > Family > Tribe > Genus > Species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... The rank of Superfamily is commonly adopted instead. In bacteriology The International Code of Nomenclature for Bacteria states that the Section rank is an informal one, between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
