|
2021–2022 Iranian Protests
The 2021–2022 Iranian protests erupted on 15 July 2021 to protest the water shortages and crisis, but were quickly met with police violence and brutality. " Bloody Aban", November 2021 saw further protests due to water shortages but various other protests and strikes also took place due to the worsening economic situation. In August 2021, Amnesty International noted that brutal forces have been used by the Security Forces to oppress the protesters. Late 2020 and early 2021 A nonviolent three-day strike campaign was launched by toll workers in Ghazvin against employment statuses, meaning high unemployment. On 14 February 2021, nationwide protests erupted in protest against an insufficient pension for retirees, fueled by inflation rates reaching 45%, demanding justice over the deaths of 1500 during the 2019–2020 Iranian protests and an end to poverty. Iran's Stock Market Exchange bubble finally burst on 24 January. As a result, many people lost investments, so there were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahsa Amini Protests
Civil unrest and protests against the Government of Iran, government of the Islamic Republic of Iran associated with the Death in custody, death in police custody of Death of Mahsa Amini#Victim, Mahsa Amini () began on 16 September 2022 and carried on into 2023, but were said to have "dwindled" or "died down" by spring of 2023. As of September 2023, the "ruling elite" of Iran was said to remain "deeply entrenched" in power. The protests were described as "unlike any the country had seen before", the "biggest challenge" to the government, and "most widespread revolt", since the Iranian Revolution, Islamic Revolution in 1979. Mahsa Amini was arrested by the Guidance Patrol on 13 September 2022 for allegedly violating Iran's Hijab by country#Iran, mandatory hijab law by wearing her hijab "improperly" while visiting Tehran from Saqqez. According to eyewitnesses, she was severely beaten by Guidance Patrol officers (this was denied by Iranian authorities). She subsequently collapsed, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basij
The Basij (, lit. ''The Mobilization'') or Sâzmân-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (, lit. ''Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed''), is a paramilitary volunteer militia within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and one of its five branches. The force is named ''Basij''; an individual member is called ''basiji'' in the Persian language. , Gholamreza Soleimani is the commander of the Basij. A paramilitary volunteer militia established in Iran in 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution, the organization originally consisted of civilian volunteers, often from poor, tribal, rural backgrounds effected from Post-Revolution economical and geopolitical issues, who were urged by Khomeini to fight in the Iran–Iraq War. Khomeini would occasionally refer to Basij as "The Twenty Million Army", claiming that about 75% of the time's population are Basijis. He would elaborate saying, that a country with 20 million of its people as their army, will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazvin
Qazvin (; ; ) is a city in the Central District (Qazvin County), Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Qazvin province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the largest city in the province. Qazvin was a capital of the Safavid Iran, Safavid Empire for over forty years (1555–1598) and nowadays is known as the calligraphy capital of Iran. It is famous for its traditional confectioneries (like Baklava, Baghlava), carpet patterns, poets, political newspaper and Middle Persian, Pahlavi influence on its accent. Located in northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about above sea level. Due to its position at the south of the rugged Alborz range called KTS Atabakiyam, its climate is cold but dry. History Qazvin has sometimes been of central importance at major moments of History of Iran, Iranian history. It was captured by invading Arabs (644 AD) and destroyed by Hulagu Khan (13th century). In 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says that it has more than ten million members and supporters around the world. The stated mission of the organization is to campaign for "a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments". The organization has played a notable role on human rights issues due to its frequent citation in media and by world leaders. AI was founded in London in 1961 by the lawyer Peter Benenson. In what he called "The Forgotten Prisoners" and "An Appeal for Amnesty", which appeared on the front page of the British newspaper ''The Observer'', Benenson wrote about two students who toasted to freedom in Portugal and four other people who had been jailed in other nations because of their beliefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019–2020 Iranian Protests
The 2019–2020 Iranian protests, sometimes known as Bloody November or (using the Iranian calendar) Bloody Aban (), were a series of nationwide civil protests in Iran that took place in 2019 and 2020. Initially caused by a 50–200% increase in fuel prices, they occurred as part of the wider Iranian Democracy Movement, leading to calls for the overthrow of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, government in Iran and Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The protests commenced as peaceful gatherings on the evening of 15 November but spread to 21 cities within hours, as videos of the protest circulated online, eventually becoming the most violent and severe anti-government unrest since the Iranian Revolution in 1979. To block the sharing of information regarding the protests and the deaths of hundreds of protesters on social media platforms, the government shut down the Internet nationwide, resulting in a near-total internet blackout of around six days ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crisis
A crisis (: crises; : critical) is any event or period that will lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, or all of society. Crises are negative changes in the human or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, a crisis is a testing time for an emergency. Etymology The English word ''crisis'' was borrowed from the Latin, which in turn was borrowed from the Greek ''krisis'' 'discrimination, decision, crisis'.''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1893''s.v.'' 'crisis'/ref> The noun is derived from the verb ''krinō'', which means 'distinguish, choose, decide'. In English, ''crisis'' was first used in a medical context, for the time in the development of a disease when a change indicates either recovery or death, that is, a turning-point. It was also used for a major change in the development of a disease. By the mid- seventeenth century, it took on the figurative meaning of a "vitally i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Iranian Water Protests
The 2021 Iranian water protests were a series of protests by Iranians against water shortages in Khuzestan province during the summer. Protests broke out on 15 July 2021 due to the ongoing water crisis in Iran but spread across the country to other provinces and cities where people organised rallies in solidarity with Khuzestan, including Tehran, Kermanshah, Isfahan, Bushehr, Lorestan, Kurdistan, East Azerbaijan, North Khorasan and Alborz. Protests were soon dubbed 'The Uprising of the Thirsty" and turned violent as police forces attempted to suppress them due to demands for the end of the current regime. Casualties were recorded both amongst police forces and civilian demonstrators. Protests in Khuzestan lasted for around 10 days and were predominantly urban. The last large-scale demonstration in solidarity with Khuzestan took place on 31 July in Tehran. The violent nature of the protests received a lot media-attention and various government officials made statements promising ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein Ashtari
Hossein Ashtari () is an Iranian military officer who served as Iran's Chief of police, the chief commander of Law Enforcement Command, from 2015 until early 2023. Prior to the appointment, he was second-in-command of the forces replacing Ahmad-Reza Radan, having previously served as the commander of Intelligence and Security Police until 2014. Ashtari is a former general of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Sanctions Hossein Ashtari is among the 13 military and country officials who are responsible for suppressing the protesters of 2019–2020 Iranian protests. On May 20, 2020, the US Treasury Department put Hossein Ashtari on its sanctions list, along with Interior Minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli and several other senior officials of the security forces. According to the statement of the Treasury Department of the United States, Hossein Ashtari, as the commander of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, was involved in the killing of "hundreds of protesters" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli
Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli (; born 1959) is an Iranian conservative politician who serves as ambassador of Iran to China in Government of Masoud Pezeshkian since 21 May 2025. He was also Minister of Interior in Hassan Rouhani's government and the president of Supreme Audit Court from 2008 to 2013. Early life and education Fazli was born in Shirvan in 1959. He is a graduate of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. He also received a PhD in geography from Tarbiat Modarres University. Career Fazli served in different positions, including as the head of the planning department, member of parliament, deputy chairman of Iranian National TV and Radio, deputy head of economic and international affairs at the ministry of interior. He was appointed secretary and deputy head of the Supreme National Security Council in October 2005. He was the deputy of Ali Larijani in charge of the cultural, social and media affairs during the first presidential term of Mahmoud Ahmedinejad. Fazli resigned fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Vahidi
Ahmad Shahcheraghi (, born 27 June 1958), better known as Ahmad Vahidi (), is an Iranian military commander of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and former Iranian Minister of Interior from 2021 to 2024. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council. Interpol has issued a red notice for the his arrest in connection with the 1994 AMIA bombing. In 1988, he was appointed commander of the extraterritorial special forces of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the Quds Force, which specializes in unconventional warfare and military intelligence operations. He was the minister of defense under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 3 September 2009 until 15 August 2013. Vahidi was president of the Supreme National Defense University from August 2016 to 2021. Early life and education Ahmad Shah Cheraghi was born on 27 June 1958 in Shiraz. He holds a bachelor's degree in electronics and a master's degree in industrial engineering. He acquired a doctorate in strate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Rouhani
Hassan Rouhani (; born Hassan Fereydoun, 12 November 1948) is an Iranian peoples, Iranian politician who served as the seventh president of Iran from 2013 to 2021. He is also a sharia lawyer ("Wakil"), academic, former diplomat and Islamic cleric. He served as a member of Iran's Assembly of Experts from 1999 to 2024. He was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council, Expediency Council from 1991 to 2013, and also was a member of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2021. Rouhani was deputy speaker of the fourth and fifth terms of the Parliament of Iran (Islamic Consultative Assembly, Majlis) and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005. In the latter capacity, he was the country's top negotiator with the EU three, UK, France, and Germany, on nuclear program of Iran, nuclear technology in Iran, and has also served as a Shia clergy, Shia Ijtihad#Shia, mujtahid (a senior cleric), and economic trade negotiator. On 7 May 2013, Rouhani r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince Of Iran
Reza Pahlavi (; born 31 October 1960) is the eldest son of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran of the roughly 53-year old Pahlavi dynasty, and his third wife Farah Diba. He was officially named Pahlavi dynasty, Crown Prince of Pahlavi Iran, Iran in 1967 at the time of his father's coronation. Pahlavi is the founder and leader of the National Council of Iran, an exiled opposition group, participates in the Iranian democracy movement, and is a prominent critic of Iran's Government of Islamic Republic of Iran, Islamic Republic government. Early life and education Reza Pahlavi was born in Tehran as the eldest son of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran and Farah Pahlavi, the Shahbanu of Iran. Pahlavi's siblings include his sister Farahnaz Pahlavi, Princess Farahnaz Pahlavi (born 1963), brother Ali Reza Pahlavi (born 1966), Prince Ali Reza Pahlavi (1966–2011), and sister Leila Pahlavi, Princess Leila Pahlavi (1970–2001), as well as a half-sister, Shahnaz Pahlavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
