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Barrow Point Language
The Barrow Point or Mutumui language, called ''Eibole'', is a recently extinct Australian Aboriginal language. According to Wurm and Hattori (1981), there was one speaker left at the time. Phonology Unusually among Australian languages, Barrow Point had at least two fricative phoneme In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language. For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-wes ...s, and . They usually developed from and , respectively, when preceded by a stressed long vowel, which then shortened. References * Further reading * John Haviland and Roger Hart'Old Man Fog and the Last Aborigines of Barrow Point , a novel about the efforts of Hart, a native of the Cape York peninsula, to record and preserve Barrow Point language and culture. Paman languages Extinct languages of Queensland Yalanjic languages {{ia-lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of Queensland , established_title2 = Separation from New South Wales , established_date2 = 6 June 1859 , established_title3 = Federation , established_date3 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Queen Victoria , demonym = , capital = Brisbane , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center_type = Administration , admin_center = 77 local government areas , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor , leader_name2 = Jeannette Young , leader_title3 = Premier , leader_name3 = Annastacia Palaszczuk ( ALP) , legislature = Parliament of Queensland , judiciary = Supreme Court of Queensland , national_representation = Parliament of Australia , national_representation_t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutumui
The Mutumui were an indigenous Australian people of northern Queensland. Language The name of the Mutumui language, now extinct, was Eibole, of which a dialect called Ongwara ('northern talk') was spoken to their north. Country The Mutumui's traditional territory spread out over an estimated , covering the area of Bathurst Bay and Cape Melville southwards, at Barrow Point and the vicinity of the Starcke and Jeannie Rivers. Social organization and people The Mutumui were divided into several hordes/bands, each speaking a distinct dialect version of Mutumui, and of which the probable names of two are known:- * ''Karbungga.'' This was the band at the Jeannie River * ''Mbambylmu.'' at Jack River. * '' Ithu''? Though tooth avulsion was practiced in the area, among the Mutumui is reported to have formed part of the initiatory ceremony itself. The Mutumui were essentially shore dwellers, mainly in the area around Murdoch Point and Bathurst Bay. They would make forays into the sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paman Languages
The Paman languages are an Australian language family spoken on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. First noted by Kenneth Hale, Paman is noteworthy for the profound phonological changes which have affected some of its descendants. Classification Various classifications of the Paman languages exist. The one outlined below is that of R. M. W. Dixon, though he does not accept that these branches are necessarily related to each other.See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii. Geographically, running down the east coast, they are: * North Cape York ** Northern Paman ** Umpila * Umbindhamu † *Lamalamic ** Umbuygamu † ** Lamu-Lamu * Yalgawarra † *Yalanjic ** Guugu Yimithirr ** Guugu Yalandji ** Barrow Point † (>> Wik?) * Mbariman-Gudhinma † * Djabugay † Down the west coast, they are: * North Cape York **Northern Paman ** Wik * Southwestern **Upper Southwest Paman ***Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Thaayorre (Thayore) is a Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Cape York Paman Languages
The North Cape York Paman languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of forty languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. The languages are grouped largely according to R. M. W. Dixon. The only extant branches of this family are Umpila and the Wik languages. The now-extinct Northern Paman branch was unique among Pama-Nyungan languages in containing fricatives. The languages are, * Northern Paman ** Anguthimri (incl. dialects Alngith, Linngithigh) † ** Gudang (alt. Djagaraga) † ** Uradhi (incl. Atampaya, Yinwum, Wuthati) † ** Luthigh ( Mpalityan) † ** Awngthim † ** Ndra'ngith † ** Ngkoth † ** Arritinngithigh † ** Adithinngithigh † ** Mbiywom † ** Andjingith † * Umpila (= Northeastern Paman, several dialects) * Wik languages (Middle Paman) (See) Sutton (2001) also distinguishes a Ndwa'ngith language Ndwa'ngith was apparently an Australian language once spoken in the Cape York Peninsula of Quee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wik Languages
The Wik languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of sixteen languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. This grouping was first proposed by R. M. W. Dixon. Each of the Kugu-Muminh dialects may have the prefix ''Wik-'' instead of ''Kugu-''. Wik Paach is not a Wik language despite its name. The languages are as follows; often various dialects are considered separate languages: * Wik-Ngathan (incl. Wik-Ngatharr dialect) * Wik-Me'nh * Wik-Mungkan * Wik-Ompoma (Ambama) † * Kugu Nganhcara (incl. Gugu Uwanh dialect) † * Ayabadhu † * Pakanha † The Flinders Island language and Barrow Point language were apparently Wik. See also * Wik peoples * Wik Peoples v Queensland ''Wik Peoples v The State of Queensland''. (commonly known as the Wik decision) is a decision of the High Court of Australia delivered on 23 December 1996 on whether statutory leases extinguish native title rights. The court found that the stat ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yalanjic Languages
The Paman languages are an Australian language family spoken on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. First noted by Kenneth Hale, Paman is noteworthy for the profound phonological changes which have affected some of its descendants. Classification Various classifications of the Paman languages exist. The one outlined below is that of R. M. W. Dixon, though he does not accept that these branches are necessarily related to each other.See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii. Geographically, running down the east coast, they are: * North Cape York ** Northern Paman ** Umpila * Umbindhamu † *Lamalamic ** Umbuygamu † ** Lamu-Lamu * Yalgawarra † *Yalanjic ** Guugu Yimithirr ** Guugu Yalandji ** Barrow Point † (>> Wik?) * Mbariman-Gudhinma † * Djabugay † Down the west coast, they are: * North Cape York **Northern Paman ** Wik * Southwestern **Upper Southwest Paman ***Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Thaayorre (Thayore) is a Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Aboriginal Language
The Indigenous languages of Australia number in the hundreds, the precise number being quite uncertain, although there is a range of estimates from a minimum of around 250 (using the technical definition of 'language' as non-mutually intelligible varieties) up to possibly 363. The Indigenous languages of Australia comprise numerous language families and isolates, perhaps as many as 13, spoken by the Indigenous peoples of mainland Australia and a few nearby islands. The relationships between the language families are not clear at present although there are proposals to link some into larger groupings. Despite this uncertainty, the Indigenous Australian languages are collectively covered by the technical term "Australian languages", or the "Australian family". The term can include both Tasmanian languages and the Western Torres Strait language, but the genetic relationship to the mainland Australian languages of the former is unknown, while the latter is Pama–Nyungan, tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fricative Consonant
A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of ; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German (the final consonant of '' Bach''); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh (appearing twice in the name ''Llanelli''). This turbulent airflow is called frication. A particular subset of fricatives are the sibilants. When forming a sibilant, one still is forcing air through a narrow channel, but in addition, the tongue is curled lengthwise to direct the air over the edge of the teeth. English , , , and are examples of sibilants. The usage of two other terms is less standardized: "Spirant" is an older term for fricatives used by some American and European phoneticians and phonologists. "Strident" could mean just "sibilant", but some authors include also labiodental and uvular fricatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoneme
In phonology and linguistics, a phoneme () is a unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a particular language. For example, in most dialects of English, with the notable exception of the West Midlands and the north-west of England, the sound patterns (''sin'') and (''sing'') are two separate words that are distinguished by the substitution of one phoneme, , for another phoneme, . Two words like this that differ in meaning through the contrast of a single phoneme form a '' minimal pair''. If, in another language, any two sequences differing only by pronunciation of the final sounds or are perceived as being the same in meaning, then these two sounds are interpreted as phonetic variants of a single phoneme in that language. Phonemes that are established by the use of minimal pairs, such as ''tap'' vs ''tab'' or ''pat'' vs ''bat'', are written between slashes: , . To show pronunciation, linguists use square brackets: (indicating an aspirated ''p'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Languages Of Queensland
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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