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Bulgaria–North Macedonia Relations
Bilateral relations exist between the Bulgaria, Republic of Bulgaria and the North Macedonia, Republic of North Macedonia. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe, and NATO. Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, North Macedonia has been an Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union, official candidate to join the EU since 2005. While Bulgaria had been the first country to recognize the independence of its neighbour in 1992 and both states signed a friendship treaty in 2017, North Macedonia and Bulgaria still have complicated neighborly relations: the Bulgarian factor is known in Macedonian politics as ''"B-complex"''. European politics have been adding to the complexity of constellations. In 2020, Bulgaria offered a compromise and agreed to recognize the Macedonian language and national identity if North Macedonia would recognize both nations and languages have common historical roots. This proposal was rejected by North Macedonia as threatening. The ackn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateral Relations
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Bulgaria
The Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria is the supreme and basic law of the Republic of Bulgaria. The current constitution was adopted on 12 July 1991 by the 7th Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria, and defines the country as a unitary parliamentary republic. It has been amended six times (in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2015 and 2023). Chronologically, it is the fourth constitution of Bulgaria, the first being the Tarnovo Constitution of 1879. It was immediately preceded by the two Socialist-era constitutions–the Dimitrov Constitution (named after Georgi Dimitrov), in force between 1947 and 1971, and the Zhivkov Constitution (named after Todor Zhivkov), in force between 1971 and 1991. Content Political System Distribution of powers The constitution sets about a parliamentary form of government, in which executive power is rested upon the Government of Bulgaria, legislative power within National Assembly and judicial power is distributed through the judicial institu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldova
Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised breakaway state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova is a Unitary state, unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary Representative democracy, representative democratic republic with its capital in Chișinău, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Most of Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was Treaty of Bucharest (1812), ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potential Enlargement Of The European Union
There are currently nine states recognised as candidates for membership of the European Union: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Kosovo (the independence of which is not recognised by five EU member states) formally submitted its application for membership in 2022 and is considered a potential candidate by the European Union. Due to multiple factors, talks with Turkey are at an effective standstill since December 2016. Six candidates are currently engaged in active negotiations: Montenegro (since 2012), Serbia (since 2014), Albania (since 2020), North Macedonia (since 2020), Moldova and Ukraine (since 2024). The most advanced stage of the negotiations, defined as meeting the interim benchmarks for negotiating chapters 23 and 24, after which the closing process for all chapters can begin, has only been reached by Montenegro. Montenegro's declared political goal is to complete its negotiations by the en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomasz Kamusella
Tomasz Kamusella (born 24 December 1967) is a Polish scholar pursuing interdisciplinary research in language politics, nationalism, and ethnicity. Education Kamusella was educated at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Philology in Sosnowiec Campus (English language), Poland; Potchefstroom University (now part of the North-West University), Potchefstroom, South Africa; and the Central European University (co-accredited then by the Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom), Prague Campus, Czech Republic. He obtained his doctor degree in political science from the Institute of Western Affairs ( Instytut Zachodni), Poznań, Poland and habilitation in Cultural Studies from the Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland. Academic career From 1994 to 1995, he taught in the Language Teachers' Training College (''Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych''), Opole, Poland, and between 1995 and 2007 at the University of Opole, Opole, Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stevo Pendarovski
Stevo Pendarovski (, ; born 3 April 1963) is a Macedonian politician who served as the President of North Macedonia from 2019 to 2024. Early life and education Stevo Pendarovski was born on 3 April 1963 in Skopje. His family originates from Galičnik. He grew up in post-earthquake Skopje. His parents were teachers. Pendarovski started his elementary studies at the then-Dositej Obradovikj School in Skopje (current-day Panajot Ginovski School) while he finished his secondary studies at the Cvetan Dimov gymnasium. Pendarovski earned a Bachelor of Laws degree from Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in 1987, later earning his MA and Ph.D. degrees in Political Science from the same university. Political career As a law graduate, Pendarovski first worked as a trainee in a law office in Skopje, but later left and got a job at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where he worked as a security analyst. In 1998, he was appointed head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs' Analysi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekaterina Zaharieva
Ekaterina Spasova Gecheva-Zaharieva (, born 8 August 1975) is a Bulgarian politician serving as European Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation. She served as Deputy Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 2017 to 2021 and on two occasions from 2013 to 2014. A member of the GERB party, she also served as Foreign Minister of Bulgaria, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2021, Ministry of Justice (Bulgaria), Minister of Justice from 2015 to 2017, Minister of Regional Development on two occasions from 2013 to 2014 and Member of the National Assembly of Bulgaria, National Assembly from 2021 to 2024. Early life and education Zaharieva was born in Pazardzhik in 1975. She became fluent in German language, German at her local college, then attended the University of Plovdiv where she graduated in law. This was followed by a law master's degree.Ekaterina Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Passport
A Bulgarian passport () is an international travel document issued to nationals of Bulgaria, and may also serve as proof of Bulgarian citizenship. Besides enabling the bearer to travel internationally and serving as indication of Bulgarian citizenship, the passport facilitates the process of securing assistance from Bulgarian consular officials abroad or other European Union member states in case a Bulgarian consular is absent, if needed. As of 8 October 2024 Bulgarian citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 177 countries and territories, ranking the Bulgarian passport 14th overall in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley & Partners Passport Index. Bulgarian citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty. Every Bulgarian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity card allows for free rights of mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Academy Of Sciences And Arts
The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts () is an academic institution in North Macedonia. History The Academy of Sciences and Arts was established by the Socialist Republic of Macedonia's assembly on 23 February 1967 as the highest scientific, scholarly and artistic institution in the country with the aim of monitoring and stimulating the sciences and arts. The Academy's objectives are to survey the cultural heritage and natural resources, to assist in the planning of a national policy regarding the sciences and arts, to stimulate, co-ordinate, organize and conduct scientific and scholarly research and to promote artistic achievement, especially where particularly relevant to North Macedonia. In 2009, MANU published the Macedonian Encyclopedia, a scientific encyclopedia of North Macedonia. The issuance of the encyclopedia caused a serious protest due to its content, and its authors have been subjected to severe criticism. Such reactions arose in the neighboring Greece, Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Policies On The Republic Of Macedonia
Bulgarian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria * Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group * Bulgarian language, a Slavic language * Bulgarian alphabet * A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria * Bulgarian culture * Bulgarian cuisine, a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe See also * * List of Bulgarians * Bulgarian name, names of Bulgarians * Bulgarian umbrella, an umbrella with a hidden pneumatic mechanism * Bulgar (other) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (other) The term Bulgarian-Serbian War or Serbian-Bulgarian War may refer to: * Bulgarian-Serbian War (839-842) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (853) * Bulgarian-Serbian wars (917-924) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (1885) * Bulgarian ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
