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Bulgaria–Georgia Communications Cable
The Caucasus Cable System (unofficially also designated as the Bulgaria–Georgia communications cable) is a Georgian-owned submarine communications cable in the Black Sea linking Poti, Georgia to Balchik, Bulgaria over a distance of 1,182 km. Its landing station in Balchik is connected to Frankfurt, Germany and other European Internet hubs via terrestrial connection. As the only communications cable linking Georgia directly to Europe, the Caucasus Cable System is deemed of geostrategic importance and has been at the center of controversy due to alleged plans to sell it to a Russian-owned company."გაზპრომის" შემ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Online
Caucasus Online () is one of the largest Georgian Internet service providers and controls a large part of the Georgian internet communications market. Caucasus Online was formed by the unification of several major Georgian ISPs: ''Caucasus Network'', ''Georgia Online'' and ''SaNet''. in 2006. In 2008 ''Telenet'', the main provider of wireless and fiber-optic Internet in Georgia, merged with the Caucasus Online. Since 2008, Caucasus Online has been the sole owner of a submarine fiber-optic cable constructed by Tyco Electronics (today known as TE Subcom), through which it transits Internet traffic from Europe to the south Caucasus and Caspian region. The FOC was laid on the bottom of the Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ... to provide a direct, high-quality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varna, Bulgaria
Varna (, ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in the Northern Bulgaria region. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Historically known as ''Odessos'' (), Varna developed from a Thracian seaside settlement into a major seaport on the Black Sea. Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment, and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and has the headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated as the seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017. The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dated to 4600 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet In Bulgaria
The Internet in Bulgaria began to offer full TCP/IP services in 1992, although e-mail, network news, and some other Internet services were available earlier, during the period from 1989 to 1991. The .bg top-level domain name was organized in 1991. Internet speeds and connection reliability in the capital, Sofia, are consistently ranked among the fastest in the world by several independent studies. Facts and figures * Top-level domains: .bg"Communications: Bulgaria" ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014. and .бг. * [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internet In Georgia (country)
Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the female given name * Georgia (musician) (born 1990), English singer, songwriter, and drummer Georgia Barnes Places Historical polities * Kingdom of Georgia, a medieval kingdom * Kingdom of Eastern Georgia, a late medieval kingdom * Kingdom of Western Georgia, a late medieval kingdom * Georgia Governorate, a subdivision of the Russian Empire * Georgia within the Russian Empire * Democratic Republic of Georgia, a country established after the collapse of the Russian Empire and later conquered by Soviet Russia. * Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, a republic within the Soviet Union * Republic of Georgia, a republic in the Soviet Union which, after the collapse of the USSR (1991), was a independent c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine Communications Cables In The Black Sea
A submarine (often shortened to sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. (It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability.) The term "submarine" is also sometimes used historically or informally to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, or to medium-sized or smaller vessels (such as the midget submarine and the wet sub). Submarines are referred to as ''boats'' rather than ''ships'' regardless of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and submarines were adopted by several navies. They were first used widely during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navies, large and small. Their military uses include: attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines; aircraft carrier protection; blockade running; nuclear deterrence; stealth operations in denied areas when gathering intelligence and doing reconna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan Pipeline
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is a long crude oil pipeline from the Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It connects Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan and Ceyhan, a port on the south-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, via Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. It is the second-longest oil pipeline in the former Soviet Union, after the Russian Druzhba pipeline. The first oil that was pumped from the Baku end of the pipeline reached Ceyhan on 28 May 2006. History Planning The Caspian Sea lies above one of the world's largest collections of oil and gas fields. As the sea is landlocked, transporting oil to Western markets is complicated. During Soviet times, all transportation routes from the Caspian region were through Russia. The collapse of the Soviet Union inspired a search for new routes. Russia first insisted that the new pipeline should pass through its territory, then declined to participate. In the spring of 1992 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turkish people, Turks, while ethnic Kurds in Turkey, Kurds are the Minorities in Turkey, largest ethnic minority. Officially Secularism in Turkey, a secular state, Turkey has Islam in Turkey, a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya. First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to List of ancient peoples of Anatolia, various ancient peoples. The Hattians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Intelligence Community
The intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation, often unofficially referred to in Russian as ''Special services'' (), include: * Federal Security Service (FSB), an agency responsible for counter-intelligence and other aspects of state security as well as intelligence-gathering in some countries, primarily those of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS); reports directly to the President of Russia. * Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation (GUSP), is a federal executive agency that performs functions to ensure the fulfillment of the authority of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of mobilization training and mobilization in the Russian Federation. The scope of their competence is described in the Federal Law "On Mobilization Preparation and Mobilization in the Russian Federation." * Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), an agency concerned with collection of intelligence outside the CIS; reports directly to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VimpelCom Ltd
VEON Ltd. (formerly VimpelCom Ltd.), also known as VEON Group, is a multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications, telecommunication and digital services company. Headquartered in Dubai, the company is Public company, publicly traded on the U.S.-based NASDAQ stock exchange. VEON operates in six markets in Europe and Asia, including Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Specific brands include Banglalink in Bangladesh, Jazz (mobile network operator), Jazz in Pakistan, Kyivstar in Ukraine, and units operating in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan under the Beeline (telecommunications), Beeline brand. In 2024, the company had 160 million total customers, 1.8 million fixed line customers, and 111 million monthly active users of its digital services, with products and services in areas such as mobile financial services, entertainment, health, and education among others. History 2009–2016 VEON was founded in 2009 as VimpelCom, a mul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Our Georgia – Free Democrats
Free Democrats ( ka, თავისუფალი დემოკრატები, tr), previously known as Our Georgia – Free Democrats is a liberal and pro-Western political party in Georgia. It was founded by Irakli Alasania, Georgia's former envoy to the United Nations, on 16 July 2009. Tamar Kekenadze serves as the party's current chairman. The party was formed in opposition to the government led by Mikheil Saakashvili and his United National Movement (UNM) party. From 2012 to 2014 it was a part of the Georgian Dream coalition that unseated the UNM government from power. In 2016 it ran independently of the coalition barely missing the 5% threshold needed to enter the parliament. Ever since the party has been in the extraparliamentary opposition. History The opposition Irakli Alasania, Georgia's former envoy to the United Nations, went into opposition to the UNM government led by Saakashvili in December 2008. On 23 February 2009 Alasania, along with New Rights and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Russo-Georgian Diplomatic Crisis
Though tensions had existed between Georgia (country), Georgia and Russia for years and more intensively since the Rose Revolution, the diplomatic crisis increased significantly in the spring of 2008, namely after Western powers Kosovo independence precedent, recognized the independence of Kosovo in February and following Georgian attempts to gain a Enlargement of NATO, NATO Membership Action Plan at the 2008 Bucharest Summit; and while the eventual war saw a full-scale invasion of Georgia by Russia, the clashes that led up to it were concentrated in the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two separatist Georgian regions that received considerable Russian support over the years. In the first months of 2008 Moscow took a series of steps that solidified its presence in Abkhazia by lifting its embargo on the region on 6 March and establishing official ties with both it and South Ossetia on 16 April. During this time, Georgia reported an increase in military buildup in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia (country), Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city. The territory of what is now Azerbaijan was ruled first by Caucasian Albania and later by various Persian empires. Until the 19th century, it remained part of Qajar Iran, but the Russo-Persian wars of Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), 1804–1813 and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), 1826–1828 forced the Qajar Empire to cede its Caucasian territories to the Russian Empire; the treaties of Treaty of Gulistan, Gulistan in 1813 and Treaty of Turkmenchay, Turkmenchay in 1828 defined the border between Russia and Iran. The region north o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
