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Bras D'honneur
Bras d'honneur (From French; ) is an obscene gesture used to express contempt. It is roughly equivalent in meaning to phrases like "fuck you" or "up yours", similar to the finger gesture. To perform the gesture, an arm is bent in an L-shape, with the fist pointing upwards. The other hand grips or slaps the biceps of the bent arm as it is emphatically raised to a vertical position. The bras d'honneur is known by various names in different languages, including the Iberian slap, forearm jerk, Italian salute, or Kozakiewicz's gesture. Use and names by country * In Italy, the gesture is often referred to as , meaning literally 'umbrella gesture'. Its most famous occurrence in Italian cinema is in Federico Fellini's (1953), where the idler played by Alberto Sordi jeers at a group of workmen, combining this gesture with a raspberry. * In Brazil, the gesture is known as a "banana" and carries the same connotation as giving someone the middle finger. It can also be used to denote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fist Pump
The fist pump is a celebratory gesture involving a closed fist. The gesture has different permutations and meanings based on context of use. Variations include a fist that is raised before the torso and subsequently drawn down and nearer to the body in a vigorous, swift motion, often including an exclamation such as "Yes!" or a grunt. Another variation is when the fist is raised in the air then pumped up and down, or punched in a circular boxing motion. It is commonly seen in sporting events after a success, such as scoring a difficult goal. Though the fist pump is commonly used in the sporting world it is also seen in broader culture. The television show ''Jersey Shore'' has been credited as helping to popularize an Italian-American influenced bro culture dubbed 'fist pumping culture', characterized by "wolfish males—sometimes hunting in packs—getting ripped at the gym and making sure their haircuts and outfits are optimized for maximum courting potential". The ''Rocky'' mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosnia And Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest, with a coast on the Adriatic Sea in the south. Bosnia (region), Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. Its geography is largely mountainous, particularly in the central and eastern regions, which are dominated by the Dinaric Alps. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city. The area has been inhabited since at least the Upper Paleolithic, with permanent human settlement traced to the Neolithic cultures of Butmir culture, Butmir, Kakanj culture, Kakanj, and Vučedol culture, Vučedol. After the arrival of the first Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-Europeans, the area was populated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity (Polish Trade Union)
Solidarity (, ), full name Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" ( , abbreviated ''NSZZ „Solidarność”''), is a Polish trade union founded in August 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland. Subsequently, it was the first independent trade union in a Warsaw Pact country to be recognised by the state. The union's membership peaked at 10 million in September 1981, representing one-third of the country's working-age population. In 1983 Solidarity's leader Lech Wałęsa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the union is widely recognized as having played a central role in the end of communist rule in Poland. This led to the appointment of the first noncommunist Prime Minister since the 1940s. In the 1980s, Solidarity was a broad anti-authoritarian social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers' rights and social change. The Government attempted in the early 1980s to destroy the union through the imposition of mart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fig Sign
The fig sign is a mildly obscene gesture that uses a thumb wedged in between two fingers. The gesture is most commonly used to ward off the evil eye, insult someone, or deny a request. It has been used at least since the Ancient Rome, Roman Age in Southern Europe and parts of the Mediterranean region, including in Turkish culture. Some countries in Asia, Slavic cultures and South Africa use it too. It is used playfully in Northwestern Europe and North Africa, countries such as the US, Canada, Australia, Libya, Tunisia and Czech Republic to I've got your nose, pretend to take the nose off a child. The letter "T" in the American manual alphabet is very similar to this gesture. Historical usage Among early Christians, it was known as the , or 'obscene hand'. In ancient Rome, the fig sign, or , was made by the to ward off the evil spirits of the dead as a part of the Lemuria (festival), Lemuria ritual. It is contextually interesting and worth noting that the fig was a sacred plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits, over 19.1 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in Moscow metropolitan area, its metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's List of largest cities, largest cities, being the List of European cities by population within city limits, most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest List of urban areas in Europe, urban and List of metropolitan areas in Europe, metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow became the capital of the Grand Principality of Moscow, which led the unification of the Russian lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athletics At The 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletics (sport), Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by 38 events: 24 for men and 14 for women. They were held in the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium at Luzhniki (south-western part of Moscow) between July 24 and August 1. There were a total number of 959 participating athletes from 70 countries. A number of countries had 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, boycotted the games due to the Soviet–Afghan War, Soviet-Afghan War. Medal table Medal summary Men Women Controversy Polish gold medallist pole vaulter Władysław Kozakiewicz showed an obscene bras d'honneur gesture in all four directions to the jeering Soviet public, causing an international scandal and almost losing his medal as a result. There were numerous incidents and accusations of Soviet officials using their authority to negate marks by opponents to the point that IAAF officials found the need to look over the officials' shoulders to try to keep the events fair. There were also accusat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pole Vault
Pole vaulting, also known as pole jumping, is a track and field event in which an athlete uses a long and flexible pole, usually made from fiberglass or carbon fiber, as an aid to jump over a #bar, bar. Pole jumping was already practiced by the Ancient Egypt, ancient Egyptians, Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks and the Gaelic Ireland, ancient Irish people, although modern pole vaulting, an athletic contest where height is measured, was first established by the German teacher Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths in the 1790s. It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 for men and since 2000 Summer Olympics, 2000 for women. It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping events in Sport of athletics, athletics, alongside the high jump, long jump and triple jump. It is unusual among track and field sports in that it requires a significant amount of specialised equipment in order to participate, even at a basic leve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Kozakiewicz
Władysław Kozakiewicz (; born 8 December 1953) is a Lithuanian-born retired Polish people, Polish athlete who specialised in the pole vault. He is best known for winning the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow and the bras d'honneur gesture which he showed to the hostile Soviet crowd. In Poland, where the gesture was viewed as a symbol of resistance against Soviet dominance, it became known as "Kozakiewicz's gesture" (). In addition, he won several medals at continental level, won two Summer Universiades and broke the pole vault world record three times, twice Men's pole vault world record progression, outdoors and once Men's pole vault indoor world record progression, indoors. He is also a ten-time Polish champion. Early years Kozakiewicz was born on 8 December 1953 to a Polish family in Šalčininkai, Lithuanian SSR, near Vilnius as the fourth and youngest of four siblings. His father Stanisław was a tailor, his mother Franciszka a housewife. As he revealed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zé Povinho
Zé Povinho is the cartoon character of a Portuguese everyman created by Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. After an extended break (due to the creator travelling to Rio de Janeiro) Zé Povinho returned to the printed page in the O ''António Maria'' newspaper, and appeared in two more newspapers before the last drawing by the original creator in November 1904. Zé Povinho became first a symbol of the Portuguese working-class people, and eventually into the unofficial personification of Portugal. The character is often used to criticize politics and political figures. History It made its first appearance in the 5th edition of the ''A Lanterna Mágica'' newspaper, in 12 June 1875, in a caricature called titled "Portugueze Calendar", alluding to taxes, where the Minister of Finance, Serpa Pimentel, appears withdrawing a three-cent alms from Zé Povinho for Anthony of Padua (represented by Fontes Pereira de Melo) with the "kid" ( D. Luís I) in his lap, having by his side the commander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Everyman
The everyman is a stock character of fiction. An ordinary and humble character, the everyman is generally a protagonist whose benign conduct fosters the audience's identification with them. Origin and history The term ''everyman'' was used as early as an English morality play from the early 16th century: ''The Summoning of'' ''Everyman''. The play's protagonist is an allegorical character representing an ordinary human who knows he is soon to die; according to literature scholar Harry Keyishian he is portrayed as "prosperous, gregarious, ndattractive". Harry Keyishian"Review of Douglas Morse, dir.,''The Summoning of Everyman'' (Grandfather Films, 2007)" ''Shakespeare Bulletin'' ( Johns Hopkins U P), 2008 Fall;26(3):45–48. Everyman is the only human character of the play; the others are embodied ideas such as Fellowship, who "symbolizes the transience and limitations of human friendship". The use of the term ''everyman'' to refer generically to a portrayal of an ordin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
