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Brambell Report
The Five Freedoms, sometimes referred to as the Five Freedoms model, is a framework for assessing animal welfare that uses an outline of five aspects. They were developed in response to a 1965 UK Government report on livestock husbandry, and were formalised in a 1979 press statement by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council. They have been adopted by the European Union and in some other countries and endorsed by some professional groups including the Federation of Veterinarians of Europe, and organisations including the World Organisation for Animal Health, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Current compact The five freedoms as expressed by the Farm Animal Welfare Council in 2009 are: # Freedom from hunger or thirst by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour # Freedom from discomfort by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routledge
Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioral science, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and Imprint (trade name), imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth Harrison
Ruth Harrison (; 24 June 1920 – 13 June 2000) was an English animal welfare activist and writer. Biography Harrison was born in London, the daughter of the author Stephen Winsten and the artist Clara Birnberg. She was educated at Bedford College, London.Harrison nee Winsten . Subscription or UK public library membership required As a and as a |
Animal Welfare
Animal welfare is the quality of life and overall well-being of animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, ethology, behavior, physiology, and reproduction, although there is debate about which of these best indicate animal welfare. Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that nonhuman animals are Sentience, sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially when they are under the care of humans. These concerns can include how animals are Animal slaughter, slaughtered for food, how they are used in Animal testing, scientific research, how they are kept (as pets, in zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and survival of wild species. There are two forms of criticism of the concept of animal welfare, comin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1965 Introductions
Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson, sworn in for a full term as President of the United States. ** Indonesian President Sukarno announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the United Nations. * January 29 – Tampere Ice Stadium, Hakametsä, the first ice rink of Finland, is inaugurated in Tampere. * January 30 – The Death and state funeral of Winston Churchill, state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill takes place in London with the largest assembly of dignitaries in the world until the 2005 funeral of Pope John Paul II. * February 4 – Trofim Lysenko is removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences in the Soviet Union. Lysenkoism, Lysenkoist theories are now tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIWI
ZIWI Limited, marketed as ZIWI Pets, is a ultra-premium pet food brand from New Zealand. Owned by FountainVest Partners, ZIWI is New Zealand's largest pet food exporter, representing over 50 percent of all pet food exports across 35 markets including the USA, China, Korea, Japan, Australia and Europe. The "alternative to raw" pet food is made with ethically sourced New Zealand ingredients, guided by New Zealand's Freedom Principles, that include grass-fed beef, lamb and venison, free-range chicken and sustainably sourced seafood. To preserve raw nutrition within its range of dry products, ZIWI pioneered Z-TWINTECH, the world's first gentle air-drying technology. Z-MicroSteam is its latest innovation, producing a lighter texture, while freeze-dried processes are also used. ZIWI manufactures in Awatoto, Hawke's Bay, a region famous for export quality agriculture and produce. The brand new, USD 52 million (NZD 85 million) 30,000 sq. ft. state-of-the-art facility is home to the ZIWI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Fern Farms
Silver Fern Farms Limited is a New Zealand multinational meat company. It is owned in equal partnership by Silver Fern Farms Co-op Ltd, a cooperative of 16,000 New Zealand sheep, cattle and deer farmers, and Shanghai Maling Aquarius Ltd. The company is New Zealand's largest livestock processing and marketing company. It has investments in manufacturing, meat processing, transport of livestock, export logistics and meat marketing, with associated companies including New Zealand and Australian Lamb Company Limited, The Lamb Co-Operative, Inc, Robotic Technologies Limited, Livestock Logistics Nationwide Limited, Kotahi Logistics LP, Ovine Automation Limited, FarmIQ Systems Ltd, Primary Collaboration NZ Ltd and the Red Meat Profit Partnership. History Silver Fern Farms Limited was established in 1948 as the Primary Producers Cooperative Society based initially in the South Island of New Zealand as a meat marketing cooperative, predominantly of sheep. It became known as PPCS Limi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RSPCA Assured
RSPCA Assured is a not-for-profit farm animal welfare assurance and food labelling scheme from the RSPCA. All farms on the RSPCA Assured scheme must comply with the RSPCA's "stringent higher welfare standards". RSPCA Assured assesses farms, hauliers and abattoirs and if they meet every standard, the RSPCA Assured label can be used on their food product. RSPCA Assured was founded in 1994 as Freedom Food, with the standards of welfare based on the Five Freedoms that were defined by the UK Government's Farm Animal Welfare Committee. In 2015, Freedom Food was rebranded as RSPCA Assured and claims that all animals under its scheme are raised to "higher farm animal welfare standards". In 2017, it was estimated that since its creation the RSPCA Assured scheme has raised 600 million animals under its welfare standards. Animal welfare historians have noted that the RSPCA Assured scheme has influenced other humane food certification programs operating worldwide. In recent years, the RSPCA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Domains
The Five Domains model, sometimes given as Five Domains, is a model for assessing animal welfare. The Five Domains covered by the model are nutrition, environment, health, behaviour, and mental state. The first four domains (the physical domains) directly influence the fifth (the mental domain) which in turn directly impacts the welfare state of the animal. The Five Domains model was developed by David Mellor and Christopher Reid in response to perceived deficiencies with the Five Freedoms model and has since been adopted by a number of leading animal welfare organisations and animal welfare scientists. Background The Five Freedoms model was first introduced by the UK Farm Animal Welfare Council in a 1979 press statement in response to the Brambell Report, a 1965 UK Government report on livestock husbandry. The Five Freedoms were defined as the freedom from hunger or thirst, the freedom from discomfort, the freedom from pain, injury, and disease, the freedom to express natural b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farm Animal Welfare Council
The Animal Welfare Committee (AWC) is an independent advisory body established by the Government of the United Kingdom as the Farm Animal Welfare Committee in 2011, it's name was changed to Animal Welfare Committee in 2019. It replaced the Farm Animal Welfare Council which was an independent advisory body established in 1979. The Council published its Final Report before its closure and replacement on 31 March 2011. Farm Animal Welfare Council The Farm Animal Welfare Council terms of reference were to keep under review the welfare of farm animals on agricultural land, at market, in transit and at the place of slaughter and advise Government of any changes that may be necessary. The council comprised various Standing Committees and Working Groups that consulted widely and openly about the issues FAWC considered relevant to the welfare of farmed animals and to prepare recommendations for the Council's consideration. Once agreed, the recommendations formed the basis for advice give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Machines
Animal Machines is a 1964 non-fiction book on factory farming written by Ruth Harrison, an English animal welfare activist and author. The book described the harsh conditions in intensive livestock farming and brought the suffering of intensively farmed animals into the public eye, leading to the UK Government to create a committee led by Francis Brambell to investigate farm animal welfare. The committee later published the Brambell Report, which in turn led to the development of the Five Freedoms model of animal welfare. Contents ''Animal Machines'' contains chapters on major and widespread welfare issues such as broiler hens, fast growing chicken breeds farmed for meat that are predisposed to health conditions such as heart attacks, dermatitis, and lameness; battery hens, where chickens are kept in cramped cages in order to maximise egg production, but at the cost of decreased welfare; and veal calves, young cows grown for meat that are kept in cramped conditions. The boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis William Rogers Brambell
Francis William Rogers Brambell (25 February 1901 – 6 June 1970) was an Irish medical scientist who spent all of his professional working life in Britain. Education Brambell was born in Sandycove, Dublin and was educated (1911–1914) at Aravon School and then privately, specializing in zoology. He entered Trinity College Dublin with an Entrance Prize in natural science. In 1920 Brambell won a Foundation Scholarship and in 1922 he graduated B.A. with Senior Moderatorship and gold medal in natural sciences, and was awarded a postgraduate Fellowship prize. During his first degree he was taught by some distinguished scientists including Professors Henry Horatio Dixon FRS, John Joly FRS, and James Brontë Gatenby. After graduation he worked in cytology under Professor James Brontë Gatenby, gained his BSc (subsequently transformed into MSc) in 1923, and his PhD in 1924 (this was the first PhD of Trinity College Dublin). In 1924 he was awarded a Science Research Scholarship for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Welfare
Animal welfare is the quality of life and overall well-being of animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, ethology, behavior, physiology, and reproduction, although there is debate about which of these best indicate animal welfare. Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that nonhuman animals are Sentience, sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially when they are under the care of humans. These concerns can include how animals are Animal slaughter, slaughtered for food, how they are used in Animal testing, scientific research, how they are kept (as pets, in zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and survival of wild species. There are two forms of criticism of the concept of animal welfare, comin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
