|
Bríatharogam
In early Irish literature, a ''Bríatharogam'' ("word ogham", plural ''Bríatharogaim'') is a two-word kenning which explains the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharogaim'' or "word-oghams" have been preserved, dating to the Old Irish period. They are as follows: *''Bríatharogam Morainn mac Moín'' *''Bríatharogam Maic ind Óc'' *''Bríatharogam Con Culainn'' The first two of these are attested from all three surviving copies of the '' Ogam Tract'', while the " Cú Chulainn" version is not in the Book of Ballymote and only known from 16th- and 17th-century manuscripts. The '' Auraicept na n-Éces'' or 'Scholars' Primer' reports and interprets the ''Bríatharogam Morainn mac Moín''. Later Medieval scholars believed that all of the letter names were those of trees, and attempted to explain the ''bríatharogaim'' in that light. However, modern scholarship has shown that only eight at most of the letter names are those o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Luis (letter)
Luis (ᚂ) is the second letter (Irish language, Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, derived either from ''luise'' "fire, flame" or from ''lus'' "herb". Its Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European root was either *''leuk-'' 'to shine' or *''leudh-'' 'to grow'. Its phonetic value is [l]. If the letter name follows the same pattern as ''ruise'' to ''Ruis (letter), ruis'', it is likely that the letter was originally named from ''luise'', though different kennings point to both meanings. Interpretation Although the non-arboreal primary meanings of this letter name are well established, one of the arboreal glosses for this name in the ''Auraicept na n-Éces'' is ''cairtheand'' "mountain-ash", i.e. "rowan" (Modern Irish language, Irish ''caorthann''). The associated verse is : ''lí súla'' "lustre of eye" (from the ''Bríatharogam Morann mic Moín''). The Auraincept interprets this as "delightful to the eye is ''luis'', i.e. rowan, owing to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Muin (letter)
Muin () is the eleventh letter of the Ogham alphabet. Its phonetic value is Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings, called '' Bríatharogaim'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''Muin'' are: * ''tressam fedmae'' - "strongest in exertion" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' * ''árusc n-airlig'' - "proverb of slaughter" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' * ''conar gotha'' - "path of the voice" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. The ''Bríatharogam'' kennings reflect the fact the Old Irish ''muin'' has three homonyms meaning "neck, upper part of the back", "wile, ruse, trick", and "love, esteem". Which of these gave the letter its name is not known for certain, but is thought to be "neck". This is related to the archaic Welsh ''mwn'' ("neck") and Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ailm (letter)
Ailm is the Irish name of the sixteenth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚐ. Its phonetic value is The original meaning of the name cannot be established with certainty. The Bríatharogam kennings all refer to the sound and not to the meaning of the letter name, either as the sound of a "groan", or to the Irish vocative particle, ''á''. Thurneysen suggests that ''Ailm'', ''Beithe'' was influenced by ''Alpha, Beta.'' However, ''beithe'' is an Irish word, and there is no reason to consider ''ailm'' a sole, loaned letter name among the original feda; Thurneysen did not suggest this letter name involved such a borrowing. The word is attested once outside of the Ogham grammatical texts, in the poem "King Henry and the Hermit", :' which translates to :Beautiful are the pines which make music for me. This single reference is the reason ''ailm'' is sometimes associated with pines. However, the poem likely post-dates origins of the medieval tradition of arboreal glosses of the ogham let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eamhancholl (letter)
The (sing. ) are the "additional" letters of the Ogham alphabet, beyond the basic inventory of twenty signs. Their name derives from ("wood", a term also used for Ogham letters) and the prefix ("additional"). The most important of these are five which were arranged in their own or class, and were invented in the Old Irish period, several centuries after the peak of Ogham usage. They appear to have represented sounds felt to be missing from the original alphabet, maybe ''é(o)'', ''ó(i)'', ''ú(i)'', ''p'' and ''ch''. The "aicme" forfeda The five "" are glossed in the manuscripts ''Auraicept na n-Éces'' ('The Scholars' Primer), '' De dúilib feda'' ('Elements of the Letters') and ''In Lebor Ogaim'' ('The Book of Ogam'), by several ("word oghams"), or two word kennings, which explain the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. The ''forfeda'' letter names and their kennings, as edited (in normalized Old Irish) and translated by McManus (1988), are as fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Úr (letter)
Úr is the Irish name of the eighteenth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚒ, meaning "clay", "earth", "soil" and also "fresh" or "moist". In Old Irish, the letter name was also written Úir. Its phonetic value is or : Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech, a figuratively-phrased compound term that is used in place of a simple single-word noun. For instance, the Old English kenning () means , as does (). A kenning has two parts: a base-word (a ..., called '' Bríatharogaim'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''úr'' are: ''úaraib adbaib'' - "in cold dwellings" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' ''sílad cland'' - "propagation of plants" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' ''forbbaid ambí'' - "shroud of a lifeless one" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. References Ogham letters {{alphabet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gort (letter)
Gort is the Irish name of the twelfth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚌ, meaning "field", which is related to Welsh ''garth'' 'garden' and Latin ''hortus''. Its Proto-Indo-European root was *''gher-, *ghort-'' 'to enclose, enclosure'. Its phonetic value is � Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech, a figuratively-phrased compound term that is used in place of a simple single-word noun. For instance, the Old English kenning () means , as does (). A kenning has two parts: a base-word (a ..., called '' Bríatharogaim'' or ''Word Ogham'', the verses associated with ''gort'' are: * ''milsiu féraib'' - "sweetest grass" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' * ''ined erc'' - "suitable place for cows" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' * ''sásad ile'' - "sating of multitudes" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. References Ogham letters {{alphabet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Coll (letter)
Coll is the Irish name of the ninth letter of the Ogham alphabet ᚉ, meaning " hazel-tree", which is related to Welsh pl. ', and Latin '. Its Proto-Indo-European root was *''kos(e)lo-''. Its phonetic value is Bríatharogam In the medieval kennings, called ''Bríatharogam In early Irish literature, a ''Bríatharogam'' ("word ogham", plural ''Bríatharogaim'') is a two-word kenning which explains the meanings of the names of the letters of the Ogham alphabet. Three variant lists of ''bríatharogaim'' or "word-ogham ...'' or ''Word Ogham'' the verses associated with ''Coll'' are: * ''caíniu fedaib'' – "fairest tree" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Morann mic Moín'' * ''carae blóesc'' – "friend of nutshells" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Mac ind Óc'' * ''milsem fedo'' – "sweetest tree" in the ''Bríatharogam'' ''Con'' ''Culainn''. References Ogham letters {{alphabet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sail (letter)
Sail or Saille (ᚄ) is the Irish name of the fourth letter ( Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, meaning "willow". The name is related to Welsh ''helyg(en)'' and Latin ''salix''. Its Proto-Indo-European root was *''sal-'' meaning "dirty,grey". Its phonetic value is Interpretation The etymology and kennings unambiguously confirm the meaning "willow" for this letter name. The ''Morann mic Moín'' kenning is a reference to the sallow grey appearance of the bark of this tree, while the kennings referencing bees and honey are due to its being commonly pollinated by bees. Bríatharogaim In the medieval kennings, called '' Bríatharogaim'' (sing. ''Bríatharogam'') or ''Word Oghams'' the verses associated with ''sail'' are: ''lí ambi'': "pallor of a lifeless one" in the ''Bríatharogam Morann mic Moín'' ''lúth bech'': "sustenance of bees" in the ''Bríatharogam Mac ind Óc'' ''tosach mela'': "beginning of honey" in the ''Bríatharogam Con Culainn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Nion (letter)
Nion (ᚅ) is the Irish name of the fifth letter (Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, with phonetic value The Old Irish letter name, Nin, may derive from Old Irish homonyms ''nin/ninach'' meaning "fork/forked" and "loft/lofty". ''Nin'' is notable for being the old name that refers both to this specific letter, and to any of the Ogham letters in general. "Nin" is also an Irish word used for a grandma. Interpretation The glossators of the Ogam Tract and the Auraicept na n-Éces seem to refer to at least two Irish words ''nin'', meaning "part of a weaver's loom", and "a wave". The corresponding adjective ''ninach'' is glossed as ''gablach'' and used as a synonym of cross, and the word seems to be roughly synonymous with ''gabul'' "fork, forked branch", and is thus a plausible base for a name for "Ogham letters", which (at least the consonants), look like forks or combs. The second ''nin'' seems to be cognate with Welsh ''nen'' "roof, heaven", wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Fearn (letter)
Fearn (ᚃ) is the Irish name of the third letter (Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, meaning " alder-tree". In Old Irish, the letter name was fern , which is related to Welsh ''gwern(en)'', meaning " alder-tree(s)". Its Primitive Irish root was *''wernā'' and its phonetic value then was Its Old Irish and modern phonetic value is Interpretation The kennings unambiguously point to ''alder'' as the meaning of this letter name, from the wood's use in shields and milk vessels. The Auraicept na n-Éces explains: ''Fern'' (f) that is, alder in the forest...''Airenach fían'', i.e., shield of warrior-bands, i.e., shield s his kenningfor he letter''fern'', f, owing to their redness alike, or because the alder, the material of the shield was from the alder-tree given to the Ogham letter which has taken a name from it... ''Comét lachta'', guarding of milk, to wit, that is the Ogham alled''Fern'', f, from alder of the forests, for it is it that guard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beith (letter)
Beith (ᚁ) is the Irish language, Irish name of the first letter (Irish language, Irish "letter": sing.''fid'', pl.''feda'') of the Ogham alphabet, meaning "birch". In Old Irish, the letter name was Beithe, which is related to Welsh language, Welsh ''bedw(en)'', Breton ''bezv(enn)'', and Latin ''betula''. Its Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European root was *''gʷet-'' 'resin, gum'. Its phonetic value is . Interpretation The ''Auraicept na n-Éces'' contains the tale of the Celtic mythology, mythological origins of ''Beith'' ''Peith'' () is a later addition to the Forfeda, a variant of ''Beith'' with a phonetic value of [p]. It is also called ''beithe bog'' "soft ''beithe''", being considered a "soft" variant of . It replaced ''Ifín'' ᚘ, one of the "original" five Forfeda likely named initially ''pín'' (influenced by Latin ''pinus'') with an original value [p] but whose phonetic value was altered to a vowel diphthong due to later medieval schematicism. Bríatha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Eadhadh (letter)
Eadhadh is the Irish name of the nineteenth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚓ. In Old Irish, the letter name was Edad. Its phonetic value is The original meaning of the letter name is unknown, but it is likely an artificially altered pairing with Idad, much like Gothic '' pairþra, qairþra.'' Interpretation The kennings for this letter value are quite cryptic. Medieval "arboreal" glossators assign ''crand fir no crithach'' "'true tree' or aspen" (''Crann Creathach'' in modern Irish) to this letter, though this has little to recommend it by way of either the kennings or the etymology. McManus suggests an original value of Primitive Irish''*eburas,'' from the Proto-Celtic *''eburo-'' probably originally meaning "rowan". This is the root of the Old Irish ''ibar'' which refers (with qualifications) to a number of different evergreen trees. He makes sense of the kennings for ''edad'' in relation to its pairing with ''idad''. Given ''éo'' as the likely Old Irish word for "yew tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |