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Boża Podszewka
' ("God's Lining") and ' ("God's Lining. Part Two") are Polish TV series based on the novel with the same title by about the life of petty szlachta in the backwaters of the Vilnius Region. The first part was aired in 15 episodes during 1997–1998 and covered the time period 1900-1945. The second part was aired in 16 episodes during 2005-2006 and covered the time period 1945-1948. It was the debut work of Izabella Cywińska as film director. When the airing started, the series caused a considerable controversy across the whole Poland among the people originating from the Kresy Eastern Borderlands (), often simply Borderlands (, ) was a historical region of the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic. The term was coined during the interwar period (1918–1939). Largely agricultural and extensively multi-ethnic with ... region, which the Vilnius Region was part of. They claimed that the series created a distorted, unflattering image of the people from the Vilnius region. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petty Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, and they dominated those states by exercising szlachta's privileges, political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the Feudalism, feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution (Poland), March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. The ''szlachta'' secured Golden Liberty, substantial and increasing political power and rights throughout its history, begin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius Region
Vilnius Region is the territory in present-day Lithuania and Belarus that was originally inhabited by ethnic Baltic tribes and was a part of Lithuania proper, but came under East Slavic and Polish cultural influences over time. The territory included Vilnius, the historical capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Lithuania, after declaring independence from the Russian Empire, claimed the Vilnius Region based on this historical legacy. Poland argued for the right of self-determination of the local Polish-speaking population. As a result, throughout the interwar period the control over the area was disputed between Poland and Lithuania. The Soviet Union recognized it as part of Lithuania in the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty, but in 1920 it was seized by Poland and became part of the short-lived puppet state of Central Lithuania, and was subsequently incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. Direct military conflicts ( Polish–Lithuanian War and Żeligowski's Mutin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izabella Cywińska
Maria Izabella Cywińska-Michałowska (25 March 1935 – 23 December 2023) was a Polish theatre and film director and film critic. She was the director of the Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre in Kalisz (1970–1973), the director of the New Theatre in Poznań (1973–1989) and, later, the artistic director of the Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw (2008–2011). In the years 1989–1991 she served as the Polish Minister of Culture and Art. Early life and education Izabella Cywińska was born on 25 March 1935 in Lviv, and raised in Kamień Puławski. Her paternal ancestors used the Puchała coat of arms. She studied ethnography at the University of Warsaw, as well as directing at the National Higher School of Theatre in Warsaw. Career Cywińska worked as a theatre director at theaters in Białystok, Warsaw and Nowa Huta. In the years 1970–1973 she was the director of the Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre in Kalisz. In 1973, she reactivated the New Theatre in Poznań, which she managed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kresy
Eastern Borderlands (), often simply Borderlands (, ) was a historical region of the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic. The term was coined during the interwar period (1918–1939). Largely agricultural and extensively multi-ethnic with a Polish minority, it amounted to nearly half of the territory of interwar Poland. Historically situated in the eastern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following the 18th-century foreign partitions it was divided between the Empires of Russia and Austria-Hungary, and ceded to Poland in 1921 after the Treaty of Riga. As a result of the post-World War II border changes, all of the territory was ceded to the Soviet Union, and today the area of Kresy is divided between Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, and south-eastern Lithuania. The region gave rise to the Kresy myth, a collection of nostalgic views about the area. After the fall of Communism in Europe and dissolution of the Soviet Union a major economic conflict emerged about the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Karłowicz
Jan Aleksander Ludwik August Karłowicz (May 28, 1836 – June 14, 1903) was Polish ethnographer, musicologist, composer, linguist, folklorist, lexicographer, dialectologist, one of the first Lithuanianists. Books Most of his books are available online at the resource polona.pl. *O Żydzie wiecznym tułaczu (1873) *O języku litewskim (1875) *Piękna Meluzyna i królewna Wanda (1876) (Beautiful Melusine and Princess Wanda) *Słoworód ludowy (1878) *Przyczynek do zbioru przysłów, piosenek, ucinków i przypowieści od nazw rodowych i miejscowych (1879) *Przysłowia od nazwisk (1879) *O imieniu Polaków i Polski (1881) *Die Mythen, Sagen und Legenden der Zamaiten (1883, 2 volumes) *Chata polska (1884) *Systematyka pieśni ludu polskiego (1885) *Podania i bajki ludowe zebrane na Litwie (1887) *Imiona własne polskich miejsc i ludzi od zatrudnień (1887) *Słownik wyrazów obcego a mniej jasnego pochodzenia (1894–1905, 3 volumes) *Słownik gwar polskich (1900–1911, 6 volumes) (Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1990s Polish Television Series
Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Mesopotamia is partitioned into two Roman provinces divided by the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Osroene. * Emperor Septimius Severus lays siege to the city-state Hatra in Central-Mesopotamia, but fails to capture the city despite breaching the walls. * Two new legions, I Parthica and III Parthica, are formed as a permanent garrison. China * Battle of Yijing: Chinese warlord Yuan Shao defeats Gongsun Zan. Korea * Geodeung succeeds Suro of Geumgwan Gaya, as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya (traditional date). By topic Religion * Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I, as the 15th pope. Births Valerian Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000s Polish Television Series
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and other latin alphabets worldwide. Its name in English is ''ess'' (pronounced ), plural ''esses''. History Northwest Semitic šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative (as in 'ip'). It originated most likely as a pictogram of a tooth () and represented the phoneme via the acrophonic principle. Ancient Greek did not have a "sh" phoneme, so the derived Greek letter Sigma () came to represent the voiceless alveolar sibilant . While the letter shape Σ continues Phoenician ''šîn'', its name ''sigma'' is taken from the letter ''Samekh'', while the shape and position of ''samekh'' but name of ''šîn'' is continued in the '' xi''. Within Greek, the name of ''sigma'' was influenced by its association with the Greek word (earlier ), "to hiss". The original name of the letter "Sigma" may have been ''san'', but due to the ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
