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Bossiney (UK Parliament Constituency)
Bossiney was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall, one of a number of Cornish rotten boroughs. It returned two Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1552 until it was abolished by the Great Reform Act 1832. History Bossiney was one of a number of small parliamentary boroughs established in Cornwall during the Tudor period, and was not a town of any importance even when first enfranchised. The borough consisted of the hamlet of Bossiney itself and the nearby village of Trevena, Cornwall, Trevena, both in the parish of Tintagel on the North Cornwall coast. Enfranchisement of the two seats of parliament is generally attributed to John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford in his cpacity of Lord Warden of the Stannaries, Lord Steward of the Duchy of Cornwall. The right to vote was vested in the mayor and Freedom of the City, freemen of the borough, collectively called the Burgess (title), burgesses; the freedom of the borough wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Cornwall (UK Parliament Constituency)
East Cornwall was a county constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected two Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Members of Parliament (MPs) by the Plurality-at-large voting, bloc vote system of election. Boundaries In 1832 the county of Cornwall, in south west England, was split for parliamentary purposes into two county divisions. These were the East division (with a place of election at Bodmin) and West Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency), West Cornwall (where voting took place at Truro). Each division returned two members to Parliament. The parliamentary boroughs included in the East division, from 1832 to 1885 (whose non-resident Forty Shilling Freeholders, 40 shilling freeholders voted in the county constituency), were Bodmin (UK Parliament constituency), Bodmin, Launceston (UK Parliament constituency), Launceston and Liskeard (UK Parliament constituency), Liskeard. 1832–1885: The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freehold (English Law)
A freehold, in common law jurisdictions or Commonwealth countries such as England and Wales, Australia, Canada, Ireland, India and the United States, is the common mode of ownership of real property, or land, and all immovable structures attached to such land. It is in contrast to a leasehold, in which the property reverts to the owner of the land after the lease period expires or otherwise lawfully terminates. For an estate to be a freehold, it must possess two qualities: immobility (property must be land or some interest issuing out of or annexed to land) and ownership of it must be forever ("of an indeterminate duration"). If the time of ownership can be fixed and determined, it cannot be a freehold. It is "An estate in land held in fee simple, fee tail or for term of life." The default position subset is the perpetual freehold, which is "an estate given to a grantee for life, and then successively to the grantee's heirs for life." England and Wales Diversity of freeholds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicar (Anglicanism)
Vicar is a title given to certain parish priests in the Church of England and other Anglican churches. It has played a significant role in Anglican church organisation in ways that are different from other Christian denominations. The title arises from the medieval arrangement where priests were appointed either by a secular lord, by a bishop or by a religious foundation. Historically, but no longer, vicars share a benefice with a rector (often non-resident) to whom the great tithes were paid. ''Vicar'' derives from the Latin ''vicarius'' meaning a substitute. Historically, Anglican parish priests were divided into rectors, vicars and (rarely) perpetual curates. These were distinguished according to the way in which they were appointed and remunerated. The church was supported by tithes: taxes (traditionally of ten percent) levied on the personal and agricultural output of the parish. Etymology Parish churches in England originated as the personal property of (predominantly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1784 British General Election
The 1784 British general election resulted in William Pitt the Younger securing an overall majority of about 120 in the House of Commons of Great Britain, having previously had to survive in a House which was dominated by his opponents. Background In December 1783, George III engineered the dismissal of the Fox–North coalition, which he hated, and appointed William Pitt the Younger as Prime Minister. Pitt had very little personal support in the House of Commons and the supporters of Charles James Fox and Lord North felt that the constitution of the country had been violated. The doctrine that the government must always have a majority in the House of Commons was not yet established and Fox knew he had to be careful. On 2 February 1784 Fox carried a motion of no confidence which declared "That it is the Opinion of this House, That the Continuance of the present Ministers in their Offices is an Obstacle to the Formation of such an Administration as may enjoy the Confidence of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Customs Officer
A customs officer is a law enforcement official who enforces customs laws. Canada Canadian customs officers are members of the Canada Border Services Agency. It was created in 2003 and preceded by the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency (1999-2003). Customs officers has existed since 1868 under various departments: Customs Office, Customs and Inland Revenue from 1918 to 1923, Customs and Excise from 1923 to 1927 and Revenue Department from 1927 to 1999. They are most visible at 117 land border crossings and 13 international airports between Canada and US, but are also founded at 3 seaports, 3 mail centres within Canada. Hong Kong 4,931 posts, of which nine are directorate officers, 3,804 are members of the Customs and Excise Department, 504 are Trade Controls Officers and 614 are staff of the General and Common Grades. Hong Kong is one of the busiest container ports in the world. It handled 20.4 million TEUs ( Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) in 2003. Of these, 12.1 million ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Act 1782
The Parliament Act 1782 ( 22 Geo. 3. c. 41), also known as Crewe's Act, was an act of Parliament of the Parliament of Great Britain passed in 1782. The act, which was passed by Rockingham's government at the instance of John Crewe, disqualified all officers of Customs and Excise and the Post Office from voting in parliamentary elections. The purpose of this disfranchisement was to end the abuse by which government patronage was used to bribe the voters in rotten borough A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or Electoral district, constituency in Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain, or the United Kin ...s such as Bossiney and New Romney. It failed in practice, however, since the patronage was quickly diverted from the voters themselves to their relatives. It was repealed by the Revenue Officers' Disabilities Act 1868 ( 31 & 32 Vict. c. 73). See also * Parl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Structure Of Politics At The Accession Of George III
''The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III'' is the title of a book written by Lewis Namier. At the time of its first publication in 1929, it caused a historiographical revolution in understanding the 18th century by challenging the Whig view of history that English politics had always been dominated by two parties. Subject The book covers the composition of the Parliament of Great Britain in the 1760s particularly covering English politics, an area Namier was considered to be particularly authoritative. His principal conclusion of that decade was that British politics in the mid-1760s was very loosely partisan and governed more by a set of personal alliances within the wider power structure, which was a direct repudiation of the Whig view that English politics had always been dominated by two parties. By way of its very detailed study of individuals, this course of study caused substantial revision to accounts based on a party system. Thesis Namier argued a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lewis Namier
Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (; 27 June 1888 – 19 August 1960) was a British historian of Polish-Jewish background. His best-known works were '' The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III'' (1929), ''England in the Age of the American Revolution'' (1930) and the ''History of Parliament'' series (begun 1940) he edited later in his life with John Brooke. Life Namier was born Ludwik Bernstein Niemirowski in Wola Okrzejska in the Russian-controlled Congress Poland, now part of the Lublin Voivodeship of southeastern Poland, although his family moved to Austrian Poland in 1890. His family were secular-minded Polish-Jewish gentry. His father, with whom young Lewis often quarreled, idolized the Austro-Hungarian Empire. By contrast, Namier throughout his life detested it. Before coming to England he was educated at the University of Lwów in Austrian Galicia (now in Ukraine) and the University of Lausanne. At Lausanne, Namier heard Vilfredo Pareto lecture, and Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camelford (UK Parliament Constituency)
Camelford was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons, House of Commons in the Parliament of England, English and later British Parliament from 1552 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act. History The borough consisted of the town of Camelford, a market town in northern Cornwall, and part of the surrounding Lanteglos-by-Camelford parish. Like most of the Cornish rotten boroughs, Cornish boroughs enfranchised or re-enfranchised during the Tudor period, it was a rotten borough from the start. The right to vote was disputed in the 18th century, but according to a judgment of 1796, belonged to those "free burgesses" who were resident householders paying scot and lot. The number of voters varied as new free burgesses were created, but was estimated to be 31 in 1831. Free burgesses were made only by nomination of the "patron", who owned all the houses in the borough, and the voters always voted in accordance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Martin (Secretary To The Treasury)
Samuel Martin (1 September 1714 – 20 November 1788) was a British politician. Family He was born on the West Indies island of Antigua, the son of Samuel Martin, the leading plantation owner on the island. He had three notable half-brothers: Sir Henry Martin, 1st Baronet (1733–1794), for many years naval commissioner at Portsmouth and Comptroller of the Navy, and the father of Thomas Byam Martin; Josiah Martin (1737–1786), Governor of North Carolina from 1771 and William Byam Martin, a merchant and official of the East India Company who returned to England as wealthy nabob. His full-sister Henrietta (Rilla) Fitzgerald was the mother of poet William Thomas Fitzgerald and mother-in-law of equity lawyer John Fonblanque KC MP for Camelford 1802–1806. Martin's will seems to reveal the existence of the mother of his natural child or children. Parliament Martin sat as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Cornish borough of Camelford from 1747 until 1768. He was a protégé ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe
Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, (23 April 168022 November 1758) of Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall, was an English Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1701 until 1742 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Edgcumbe. He is memorialised by Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Origins He was the son of Sir Richard Edgcumbe and Lady Anne Montagu, daughter of Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich. Career In 1694, at the age of 14, Edgcumbe succeeded his brother, Piers Edgcumbe, in the family estates. He was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1697 and travelled abroad in 1699. Edgcumbe was returned unopposed as MP for Cornwall at a by-election on 25 June 1701 but never took his seat as Parliament had been prorogued. At the general election later in 1701, he was returned unopposed as MP for St Germans. Edgcumbe was elected MP for Plympton Erle at the 1702 English general election, probably on the Treby interest. He was re-elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
