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Bone Spurs
An exostosis, also known as a osteochondroma, is a benign chondrogenic lesions derived from aberrant cartilage from the perichondral ring. Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to moderate, but rarely severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion, though most are asymptomatic and are found serendipitously on plain x-ray taken for other reasons. It is most commonly found in pre-teens through early 20s adjacent to the physes of the distal femur and proximal tibia but can be found adjacent to other physes, most notably the distal phalanx of the finger, where it presents as a subungual mass. larger growths can occur on places like the ankles, knees, shoulders, elbows and hips. Very rarely are they on the skull.Though rare, malignant transformation can occur into a chondrosarcoma. They normally form growing stalks angling away from the physis toward the mid shaft of a long bone. When used in the phrases "cartilaginous exostosis" or "osteocartilaginous ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteochondroma
Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor of bone. The tumors take the form of cartilage-capped bony projections or outgrowth on the surface of bones ( exostoses). It is characterized as a type of overgrowth that can occur in any bone where cartilage forms bone. Tumors most commonly affect long bones around the knee and in the forearm. Additionally, flat bones such as the pelvis and scapula (shoulder blade) may be affected. Hereditary multiple exostoses usually present during childhood. Yet, the vast majority of affected individuals become clinically manifest by the time they reach adolescence. Osteochondromas occur in 3% of the general population and represent 35% of all benign tumors and 8% of all bone tumors. The majority of these tumors are solitary non-hereditary lesions and approximately 15% of osteochondromas occur as hereditary multiple exostoses preferably known as hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMOs). Osteochondromas do not result from injury and the exact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surfer's Ear
Surfer's ear is the common name for an exostosis or abnormal bone growth within the ear canal. They are otherwise benign hyperplasias (growths) of the tympanic bone thought to be caused by frequent cold-water exposure. Cases are often asymptomatic. Surfer's ear is not the same as swimmer's ear, although infection can result as a side effect. Irritation from cold wind and water exposure causes the bone surrounding the ear canal to develop lumps of new bony growth which constrict the ear canal. Where the ear canal is actually blocked by this condition, water and wax can become trapped and give rise to infection. The condition is so named due to its high prevalence among cold water surfers, although it can occur in any water temperature due to the evaporative cooling caused by wind and the presence of water in the ear canal. Most avid surfers have at least some mild bone growths, causing little to no problems. The condition is gradually progressive and can generally be prevented b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bones
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external structures. They are lightweight yet strong and hard and serve multiple functions. Bone tissue (osseous tissue), which is also called bone in the uncountable sense of that word, is hard tissue, a type of specialised connective tissue. It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity. Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells. Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved in the formation and mineralisation of bone; osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue. Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become the lining cells that form a protective layer on the bone surface. The mineralised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachyostosis
Pachyostosis is a non-pathological condition in vertebrate animals in which the bones experience a thickening, generally caused by extra layers of lamellar bone. It often occurs together with bone densification ( osteosclerosis), reducing inner cavities. This joint occurrence is called pachyosteosclerosis. However, especially in the older literature, "pachyostosis" is often used loosely, referring to all osseous specializations characterized by an increase in bone compactness and/or volume. It occurs in both terrestrial and, especially, aquatic or semi-aquatic vertebrates. In aquatic animals, such as seacows (manatees and dugongs), ''Thalassocnus'', and plesiosaurs, pachyostosis in the thoracic region provides (or provided) ballast against the air-filled lungs. This maintains neutral buoyancy in aquatic habitats. Most giant deer showed pronounced pachyostosis of the mandible and skull. It has been suggested that this served to store minerals for antler growth. Many Pachycephal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachyosteosclerosis
Pachyosteosclerosis is a combination of thickening ( pachyostosis) and densification ( osteosclerosis) of bones. It makes bones more heavy, but also more fragile. The condition often occurs in aquatic vertebrates, especially those living in shallow waters,Houssaye, A. (2009). "Pachyostosis" in aquatic amniotes: a review. Integrative Zoology 4(4): 325-340. creating ballast as an adaptation for maintaining neutral buoyancy and horizontal trim. It is in no way pathological. To resist bend, it frequently is found especially in ventral bones, whereas concentration near the lungs helps in maintaining trim. Examples of animals showing pachyosteosclerosis are seacows ( dugongs and manatees), the extinct Plesiosauria and Mesosauria Mesosaurs ("middle lizards") were a group of small aquatic reptiles that lived during the early Permian period (Cisuralian), roughly Geologic time scale, 299 to 270 million years ago. Mesosaurs were the first known aquatic reptiles, having appar ... and exti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteosclerosis
Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis. Localized osteosclerosis can be caused by Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease, sickle-cell disease and osteoarthritis among others. Osteosclerosis can be classified in accordance with the causative factor into acquired and hereditary. Types Acquired osteosclerosis * Osteogenic bone metastasis caused by carcinoma of prostate and breast * Paget's disease of bone * Myelofibrosis (primary disorder or secondary to intoxication or malignancy) * Osteosclerosing types of chronic osteomyelitis * Hypervitaminosis D * Hyperparathyroidism * Schnitzler syndrome * Mastocytosis * Skeletal fluorosis * Monoclonal IgM Kappa cryoglobulinemia * Hepatitis C. Here ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteoma
An osteoma (plural ''osteomas'' or less commonly ''osteomata'') is a new piece of bone usually growing as a benign tumour on another piece of bone, typically the skull. When grown on other bone it is known as "homoplastic osteoma"; on other tissue it is called "heteroplastic osteoma". Osteoma represents the most common benign neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The cause of osteomas is uncertain, but commonly accepted theories propose embryologic, traumatic, or infectious causes. They are present in Gardner's syndrome. Larger craniofacial osteomas may cause facial pain, headache, and infection due to obstructed nasofrontal ducts. Often, craniofacial osteoma presents itself through ocular signs and symptoms (such as proptosis). Variants * Osteoma cutis (also known as "Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy") * Osteoid osteoma * Fibro-osteoma * Chondro-osteoma File:Osteom der Stirnhoehle Roentgen.jpg, Osteoma of the frontal sinus seen on x-ray File:Osteom der Stirnho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Radiographic Findings Associated With Cutaneous Conditions
Many conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system have associated features that may be found by performing an x-ray or CT scan of the affected person. See also * List of cutaneous conditions * List of contact allergens * List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy * List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins * List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins * List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions * List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions * List of immunofluorescence findings for autoimmune bullous conditions * List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions * List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system * List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system * List of target antigens in pemphigoid * List of target antigens in pemphigus References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Radiographic findings associated with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganglion Cyst
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled bump associated with a joint or tendon sheath. It most often occurs at the back of the wrist, followed by the front of the wrist. The cause is unknown. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve an outpouching of the synovial membrane. Diagnosis is typically based on examination. The ability to shine through the bump or any past decrease in size supports the diagnosis of the bump as a ganglion cyst. Ganglion cysts are usually obvious upon observation. Medical imaging may be considered on infrequent occasions to rule out another diagnosis. Treatment is not necessary. Options for treatment include needle aspiration or surgery. About half the time, they resolve on their own. About three per 10,000 people newly develop ganglion of the wrist or hand a year. Presentation The average size of these cysts is , but excised cysts of more than have been reported. The size of the cyst may vary over time. Between 50 and 70% of all masses on the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcaneal Spur
A calcaneal spur (also known as a heel spur) is a bony outgrowth from the calcaneal tuberosity (heel bone). Calcaneal spurs are typically detected by x-ray examination. It is a form of exostosis. When a foot is exposed to constant stress, calcium deposits build up on the bottom of the heel bone. Generally, this has no effect on a person's daily life. However, repeated damage can cause these deposits to pile up on each other, causing a spur-shaped deformity, called a calcaneal (or heel) spur. An inferior calcaneal spur is located on the inferior aspect of the calcaneus and is typically a response to plantar fasciitis over a period, but may also be associated with ankylosing spondylitis (typically in children). A posterior calcaneal spur develops on the back of the heel at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. An inferior calcaneal spur consists of a calcification of the calcaneus, which lies superior to the plantar fascia at the insertion of the plantar fascia. A posterior ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torus Palatinus
A torus palatinus (: tori palatini), or palatal torus (: palatal tori), is a bony protrusion on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the hard palate.Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. ''Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology''. Second edition. 2002. Page 20. . Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in diameter, but their size can change throughout life. Types Sometimes, the tori are categorized by their appearance. Arising as a broad base and a smooth surface, flat tori are located on the midline of the palate and extend symmetrically to either side. Spindle tori have a ridge located at their midline. Nodular tori have multiple bony growths that each have their own base. Lobular tori have multiple bony growths with a common base. Cause Although some research suggest palatal tori to be an autosomal dominant trait, it is generally believed that palatal tori are caused by several factors. They are more common in early adult life and can increase in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torus Mandibularis
Torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. Mandibular tori usually are present near the premolars and above the location on the mandible of the mylohyoid muscle attachment. In 90% of cases, a torus is on both inner sides of the mandible (left and right); however, they may differ in size. The prevalence of mandibular tori ranges from 5–40%. They are less common than bony growths occurring on the palate, known as torus palatinus. Mandibular tori are more common in Asian and Inuit populations. They are slightly more common in males. In the United States, the prevalence is 7–10% of the population. It is believed that mandibular tori are caused by several factors, with local stress on individual teeth considered the most relevant factor. Development of tori is more common in early adulthood and is associated with bruxism. The size of tori may fluctuate throughout life and, in some cases, tori may become large enough to touch each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
