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Blood Glucose Monitoring
Blood glucose monitoring is the use of a glucose meter for testing the concentration of glucose in the blood (Blood sugar level, glycemia). Particularly important in diabetes management, a blood glucose test is typically performed by piercing the skin (typically, via fingerstick) to draw blood, then applying the blood to a chemically active disposable 'test-strip'. The other main option is continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Different manufacturers use different technology, but most systems measure an electrical characteristic and use this to determine the glucose level in the blood. Skin-prick methods measure capillary blood glucose (i.e., the level found in capillary blood), whereas CGM correlates interstitial fluid glucose level to blood glucose level. Measurements may occur after fasting or at random nonfasting intervals (random glucose tests), each of which informs diagnosis or monitoring in different ways. Healthcare professionals advise patients with diabetes mellitus o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucose Meter
A glucose meter, also referred to as a "glucometer", is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood. It can also be a strip of glucose paper dipped into a substance and measured to the glucose chart. It is a key element of glucose testing, including home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) performed by people with diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia. A small drop of blood, obtained from slightly piercing a fingertip with a Blood lancet, lancet, is placed on a disposable test strip that the meter reads and uses to calculate the blood glucose level. The meter then displays the level in units of mg/dL or mmol/L. Since approximately 1980, a primary goal of the management of diabetes mellitus type 1, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been achieving closer-to-normal levels of glucose in the blood for as much of the time as possible, guided by HBGM several times a day. The benefits include a reduction in the occurrence rate and sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complications Of Diabetes
Complications of diabetes are sequela, secondary diseases that are a result of elevated blood glucose levels that occur in diabetic patients. These complications can be divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute complications are complications that develop rapidly and can be exemplified as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), lactic acidosis (LA), and hypoglycemia. Chronic complications develop over time and are generally classified in two categories: microvascular and Macrovascular disease, macrovascular. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy; while cardiovascular disease, stroke, and Peripheral artery disease, peripheral vascular disease are included in the macrovascular complications. The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucose Oxidase
The glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx or GOD) also known as notatin (EC number 1.1.3.4) is an oxidoreductase that catalyses the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide and D-glucono-δ-lactone. This enzyme is produced by certain species of fungi and insects and displays antibacterial activity when oxygen and glucose are present. Glucose oxidase is widely used for the determination of free glucose in body fluids (medical testing), in vegetal raw material, and in the food industry. It also has many applications in biotechnologies, typically enzyme assays for biochemistry including biosensors in nanotechnologies. It was first isolated by Detlev Müller in 1928 from ''Aspergillus niger''. Function Several species of fungi and insects synthesize glucose oxidase, which produces hydrogen peroxide, which kills bacteria. Notatin, extracted from antibacterial cultures of '' Penicillium notatum'', was originally named Penicillin A, but was renamed to avoid confusion with penicillin. Not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Implant (medicine)
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue. The surface of implants that contact the body might be made of a biomedical material such as titanium, silicone, or apatite depending on what is the most functional. In 2018, for example, American Elements developed a nickel alloy powder for 3D printing robust, long-lasting, and biocompatible medical implants. In some cases implants contain electronics, e.g. artificial pacemaker and cochlear implants. Some implants are bioactive, such as subcutaneous drug delivery devices in the form of implantable pills or drug-eluting stents. Applications Implants can roughly be categorized into groups by application: Sensory and neu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillary System
A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the innermost layer of an artery or vein), consisting of a thin wall of simple squamous endothelial cells. They are the site of the exchange of many substances from the surrounding interstitial fluid, and they convey blood from the smallest branches of the arteries (arterioles) to those of the veins (venules). Other substances which cross capillaries include water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose, uric acid, lactic acid and creatinine. Lymph capillaries connect with larger lymph vessels to drain lymphatic fluid collected in microcirculation. Etymology ''Capillary'' comes from the Latin word , meaning "of or resembling hair", with use in English beginning in the mid-17th century. The meaning stems from the tiny, hairlike diameter of a capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus
Complication or complications may refer to: Dramatic arts * "Complications" (''CSI: Miami''), an episode of ''CSI: Miami'' * "Complications" (''Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles''), an episode of ''Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles'' * ''Complications'' (TV series), a 2015 USA Network television series starring Jason O'Mara Medicine * Complication (medicine), an unfavorable evolution of a disease, health condition or medical treatment Music Albums * '' Complications - Trilogy of Intricacy'', a 2005 EP by Norwegian progressive metal band Age of Silence * ''Complications'' (Dover album), a 2015 album by Spanish rock band Dover Songs * "Complications", a 1980 song by Killing Joke from '' Killing Joke'' * "Complication", a 1999 song by Nine Inch Nails from '' The Fragile'' * "Complications", a 2008 song by deadmau5 from '' Random Album Title'' Technology * Complication (horology), a clock display other than the time {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Wang
Joseph Wang (born 1948) is an American biomedical engineer and inventor. He is a professor, SAIC Endowed Chair, and a former Chair of the Department of Chemical and Nano-Technology Engineering at the University of California, San Diego. Wang currently serves as the director of the UCSD Center for Wearable Sensors and as the co-director of the UCSD Center for Mobile Health Systems and Applications (CMSA). Biography Joseph Wang was awarded a D.Sc. from the Israel Institute of Technology in 1978 and subsequently worked as a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Wisconsin, Madison until 1980. In 1980, Wang joined the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at New Mexico State University (NMSU), where he remained until 2004. During his tenure at NMSU, Wang was appointed Regents Professor and held the Manasse Chair from 2001 to 2004. From 2004 to 2008, Wang served as the director of the Centre for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at the Biodesign Institute and as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food And Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a List of United States federal agencies, federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, caffeine products, dietary supplements, Prescription drug, prescription and Over-the-counter drug, over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, Animal feed, animal foods & feed and Veterinary medicine, veterinary products. The FDA's primary focus is enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C). However, the agency also enforces other laws, notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act as well as associated regulations. Much of this regulatory-enforcement work is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insulin Pump
An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous Subcutaneous tissue, subcutaneous insulin therapy. The device configuration may vary depending on design. A traditional pump includes: * the pump (including controls, processing module, and batteries) * a disposable reservoir for insulin (inside the pump) * a disposable infusion set, including a cannula for subcutaneous insertion (under the skin) and a tubing system to connect the insulin reservoir to the cannula. Other configurations are possible. More recent models may include disposable or semi-disposable designs for the pumping mechanism and may eliminate tubing from the infusion set. An insulin pump is an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin by syringe#Standard U-100 insulin syringes, insulin syringes or an insulin pen and allows for flexible insulin therapy when used in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring and ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Insurance
Health insurance or medical insurance (also known as medical aid in South Africa) is a type of insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring medical expenses. As with other types of insurance, risk is shared among many individuals. By estimating the overall risk of health risk and health system expenses over the risk pool, an insurer can develop a routine finance structure, such as a monthly premium or payroll tax, to provide the money to pay for the health care benefits specified in the insurance agreement. The benefit is administered by a central organization, such as a government agency, private business, or not-for-profit entity. According to the Health Insurance Association of America, health insurance is defined as "coverage that provides for the payments of benefits as a result of sickness or injury. It includes insurance for losses from accident, medical expense, disability, or accidental death and dismemberment". A health insurance policy i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycated Hemoglobin
Glycated hemoglobin, also called glycohemoglobin, is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar. Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, and fructose, spontaneously (that is, non-enzymatically) bond with hemoglobin when they are present in the bloodstream. However, glucose is only 21% as likely to do so as galactose and 13% as likely to do so as fructose, which may explain why glucose is used as the primary metabolic fuel in humans. The formation of excess sugar-hemoglobin linkages indicates the presence of excessive sugar in the bloodstream and is an indicator of diabetes or other hormone diseases in high concentration . A1c is of particular interest because it is easy to detect. The process by which sugars attach to hemoglobin is called glycation and the reference system is based on HbA1c, defined as beta-N-1-deoxy fructosyl hemoglobin as component. There are several ways to measure glycated hemoglobin, of which HbA1c (or simply A1c) is a stand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
