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Bernard De Vésins
Count Bernard de Vésins (13 March 1869 – 6 July 1951) was a French soldier, essayist, practicing Catholic and right-wing Action Française militant. He was hostile to Freemasons, Jews and socialists, whom he considered to be working together in conspiracy to undermine the traditional Catholic values of France. In the 1920s he was President of the Ligue d'Action Française during a period when the Catholic Church was disassociating itself from the movement. Life Family Marie Joseph Pierre Bernard de Lévezou de Vésins was born in Bourges, Cher, on 13 March 1869. His father was Count Victor de Lévezou de Vesins, and his mother was the daughter of Adrien de Forcade, sieur de La Grézère. On 15 April 1893 in Versailles he married Marie Augustine Camille de Gastebois (born 9 February 1874). They had two children, Marie Thérèse (1895–1988) and Gabrielle (1897–1928). Pre-World War I The political organization of Henri Vaugeois's Action Française movement, the Ligue d'Acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourges
Bourges ( ; ; ''Borges'' in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre (Cher), Yèvre. It is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Cher (department), Cher, and also was the capital city of the former provinces of France, province of Berry (province), Berry. History The name of the commune derives either from the Bituriges Cubi, Bituriges, the name of the original inhabitants, or from the Germanic languages, Germanic word ''wikt:burg, Burg'' (French: ''bourg''; Spanish: ''burgo''; English, others: ''burgh'', ''wikt:berg, berg'', or ''borough''), for "hill" or "village". The Celts called it ''Avaricon''; Latin-speakers: ''Avaricum''. In the fourth century BC, as in the time of Julius Caesar, Caesar, the area around it was the center of a Gallic (Celtic) confederacy. In 52 BC, the sixth year of the Gallic Wars, while the Gauls implemented a scorched-earth policy to try to deny Caesar's forces supplies, the inhabitants of Avaricum convinced th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI (; born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, ; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939) was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 until his death in February 1939. He was also the first sovereign of the Vatican City State upon its creation on 11 February 1929. Pius XI issued numerous encyclicals, including ''Quadragesimo anno'' on the 40th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII's groundbreaking social encyclical ''Rerum novarum'', highlighting the capitalistic greed of international finance, the dangers of Atheism, atheistic socialism/communism, and social justice issues, and ''Quas primas'', establishing the feast of Christ the King in response to anti-clericalism. The encyclical ''Studiorum ducem'', promulgated 29 June 1923, was written on the occasion of the 6th centenary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas, whose thought is acclaimed as central to Catholic philosophy and theology. The encyclical also singles out the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Blanc De Saint-Bonnet
Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet (28 January 1815 – 2 June 1880) was a French philosopher,Beum, Robert (1997)"Ultra-Royalism Revisited: An Annotated Bibliography,"''Modern Age,'' Vol. 39, No. 3, p. 302. whose ideas were a precursor to modern sociology. Works * ''L'Unité Spirituelle'' (1841; Pitois, 3 vol., 1845). * ''De la Douleur'' (1849; Club du Livre Rare, 1961; Les Editions de La Reconquête, 2012: with a review by Barbey d'Aurevilly and a letter by Léon Bloy). * ''La Restauration Française'' (1851; Laroche, 1872). * ''L'Affaiblissement de la Raison'' (1853). * ''Politique Réelle'' (1858; Editions du Trident, 1990). * ''L'Infaillibilité'' (1861; Nouvelles Éditions Latines, 1956). * ''La Raison. Philosophie Fondamentale'' (1866). * ''La Légitimité'' (1873). * ''La Loi Électorale et les Deux Chambres'' (1875). * ''Le XVIIIe Siècle'' (1878). * ''Le Socialisme et la Société'' (1880; Presses Académiques, 1954). * ''L'Amour et la Chute'' (1898). References Further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis De Bonald
Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de Bonald (; 2 October 1754 – 23 November 1840) was a French counter-revolutionary philosopher and politician. He is mainly remembered for developing a theoretical framework from which French sociology would emerge. Life Early life and education Bonald came from an ancient noble family of Provence. Louis was born in the chateau of Le Monna, a modest estate that served as the family seat; the only son in his family, Louis was heir to the family estate. Le Monna is situated just east of the market town of Millau, overlooking the Dourbie river. His father, Antoine Sébastien de Bonald, died when Louis was four years old and the young boy would be brought up by his pious mother Anne ''née'' de Boyer du Bosc de Périe. Like many in the provincial nobility of the time, Anne was influenced by the Jansenists and brought up her son with a stern Catholic piety. De Bonald was tutored at Le Monna until the age of eleven, when he was sent to boarding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouergue
Rouergue (; ) is a former province of France, corresponding roughly with the modern department of Aveyron. Its historical capital is Rodez. It is bounded on the north by Auvergne, on the south and southwest by Languedoc, on the east by Gévaudan and on the west by Quercy. During the Middle Ages Rouergue changed hands a number of times; its rulers included England (due to the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360), Armagnac and Languedoc. Rouergue became a department in 1790, and was renamed Aveyron after the principal river flowing through it. Upon creation of the department of Tarn-et-Garonne in 1808, the canton of Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val was detached from the western extremity of Aveyron and transferred to the new department. The province of Rouergue had a land area of . At the 1999 census there were 269,774 inhabitants on the territory of the province of Rouergue, for a density of only . The largest urban areas are Rodez, with 38,458 inhabitants in 1999; Millau, with 22,840 inh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean De Fabrègues
Jean d'Azémar de Fabrègues (; 8 January 1906 – 23 November 1983) was a French Catholic intellectual and journalist. He was a "traditional" Catholic, rejecting the materialism of both liberal democracy and the totalitarian regimes of the right and the left. Early years (1906–39) Jean d'Azémar de Fabrègues was born on 8 January 1906 in Paris. His parents were Raymond d'Azémar de Fabrègues (1865–1944) and Marie Louise Dufour. He attended the Sorbonne but did not complete his studies. He obtained a Bachelor's degree and a diploma of graduate studies in philosophy, and became a university teacher in 1930. He married Monique Mignot. Fabrègues joined the right wing and royalist Action Française and was the secretary of Charles Maurras, but moved from there to a "traditionalist" catholicism. Fabrègues contributed to several right-leaning journals in the 1930s including ''La Gazette française'' of the Action Française (1924–30), ''Réaction'' (1930–32) ''Revue du Si� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Schwerer
Admiral Antoine Schwerer (9 February 1862 – 3 November 1936) was a French naval officer. He served in varied roles in many parts of the world, and published a number of technical papers. He rose through the ranks to become an admiral during World War I (1914–18). After retiring in 1924 he was involved with the right-wing and monarchist League of the Action Française. He was president of the League from 1930 to 1935. Life Early years (1862–83) Zéphirin-Alexandre-Antoine Schwerer was born in Lorient, Morbihan, on 9 February 1862. His father was Antoine Barthélemy Schvérer, a Major general of the navy (''Major général de la Marine''). He entered the École Navale in October 1878. He graduated from the 2nd class on 1 August 1880 and from the 1st class on 5 October 1881. He was assigned to the ''Resolue'', then made a voyage to the Antilles on the ''Flore''. He was assigned to the ''Marengo'' and then to the ''Trident''. In March 1883 he was on the ''Clorinde'', stationed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Jean, Duke Of Guise
Jean d'Orléans (Jean Pierre Clément Marie; 4 September 1874 – 25 August 1940) was Orléanist pretender to the defunct French throne as Jean III. He used the courtesy title of Duke of Guise. He was the third son and youngest child of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres (1840–1910), and grandson of Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans and great-grandson of Louis Philippe I, King of the French. His mother was Princess Françoise of Orléans, daughter of François, Prince of Joinville and Princess Francisca of Brazil. Biography In 1926 at the death of his cousin and brother-in-law Philippe, Duke of Orléans, claimant to the defunct throne of France as "Philip VIII", Jean was recognised by his Orléanist supporters as titular king of France with the name "Jean III". Jean was an amateur historian and archeologist, who lived with his family in a large farm near Rabat, Morocco. Following his "ascension" as Orléanist pretender, he and his eldest son were legally for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yves De La Brière
Yves de La Brière (30 January 1877 – 25 February 1941) was an influential French Jesuit theologian and author. He was a monarchist and supported the League of Nations. He was opposed to war, but wrote on the Christian tradition of just war. He was involved in the controversy in 1926 over the relationship between the Catholic church and the Catholic monarchist Action Française, which the Pope refused to support. Life Yves Le Roy de La Brière was born in Vif, Isère, on 30 January 1877. His father was a life-long extreme monarchist. La Brière joined the Jesuits in 1894. He gained a Bachelor of Arts, History and Law. In 1909, when the review ''Les Etudes'' changed its format and contributors, he was asked by the editor-in-chief Father Léonce de Grandmaison to write a regular column that would be political, religious and international. He contributed to ''Les Études'' from 1909 to 1941. During World War I (1914–18) La Brière actively supported the efforts by Pope Benedict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nunciature
An apostolic nunciature is a top-level diplomatic mission of the Holy See that is equivalent to an embassy. However, it neither issues visas nor has consulates. The head of the apostolic nunciature is called a ''nuncio'', an ecclesiastical diplomatic title. A papal nuncio (officially known as an apostolic nuncio) is a permanent diplomatic representative (head of diplomatic mission) of the Holy See to a state or to one of two international intergovernmental organizations, the European Union or ASEAN, having the rank of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary, and the ecclesiastical rank of titular archbishop. Papal representatives to other intergovernmental organizations are known as "permanent observers" or "delegates". In several countries that have diplomatic relations with the Holy See, the apostolic nuncio is ''ipso facto'' the dean of the diplomatic corps. The nuncio is, in such a country, first in the order of precedence among all the diplomats accredited to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Ernest Dubois
Louis-Ernest Dubois (1 September 1856 – 23 September 1929) was a cardinal and Archbishop of Paris. He played a leading role in the period of adjustment to the separation of Church and State in France. Early life He was born in Saint-Calais (Sarthe), the second of six children of Louis Dubois, a nailmaker, and his wife, Henriette-Félicité Derouineau. He was educated at the ''Collège Ecclésiastique de Notre Dame'' in Saint Calais and at the seminary of Le Mans. He witnessed the invasion of his hometown by the Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War. Dubois was ordained priest on 20 September 1879. After his ordination he worked in pastoral ministry the diocese of Le Mans until 1898. He was editor of ''Semaine du fidèle'' in 1888. In 1895, he was made an honorary canon of the ''Cathédrale St-Julien du Mans''. He served as Vicar general of the diocese of Le Mans from 1898 until 1901. Episcopate Pope Leo XIII appointed him Bishop of Verdun on 18 April 1901, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
