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Beiyang Fleet
The Beiyang Fleet (Pei-yang Fleet; , alternatively Northern Seas Fleet) was one of the Imperial Chinese Navy#Fleets, four modernized Chinese navies in the late Qing dynasty. Among the four, the Beiyang Fleet was particularly sponsored by Li Hongzhang, one of the most trusted vassals of Empress Dowager Cixi and the principal patron of the "self-strengthening movement" in northern China in his capacity as the Viceroy of Zhili and the Minister of Beiyang Commerce (北洋通商大臣). Due to Li's influence in the imperial court, the Beiyang Fleet garnered much greater resources than the other Chinese fleets and soon became the dominant navy in Asia before the onset of the 1894–1895 First Sino-Japanese War. It was the largest fleet in Asia and the 8th in the world during the late 1880s in terms of tonnage. Creation The creation of the Beiyang Fleet dated back to 1871, when four ships from the southern provinces were shifted north to patrol the northern waters. The Beiyang fleet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Qing Dynasty
The flag of the Qing dynasty was an emblem adopted in the late 19th century (1889) featuring the Azure Dragon on a plain yellow field with the red flaming pearl in the upper left corner. It became the first national flag of China and is usually referred to as the "Yellow Dragon Flag" (). Ruling China from 1644 until the overthrow of the monarchy during the Xinhai Revolution, the Qing dynasty was the last Imperial dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty in Chinese history. Between 1862 and 1912, the dynasty represented itself with the dragon flag. On January 10, 1912, the Yellow Dragon Flag was replaced by the Five Races Under One Union, Five-Colored Flag, and on February 12 Emperor Pu Yi abdicated, ending the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Designs Since the Ming dynasty, yellow was considered the royal color of successive Chinese emperors. Members of the imperial family of China at that time were the only ones allowed to display the color yellow in buildings and on garments. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanyang Fleet
The Nanyang Fleet () was one of the four modernised Chinese naval fleets in the late Qing Dynasty. Established in the 1870s, the fleet suffered losses in the Sino-French War, escaped intact in the Sino-Japanese War, and was formally abolished in 1909. Composition Before 1885, the Southern Seas Fleet (Nanyang Fleet) based at Shanghai, was the largest of China's four regional fleets. In the early 1880s, its best ships were the modern composite cruiser ''Kaiji'', completed in 1884 at the Foochow Navy Yard, the composite sloops ''Kangji'' and ''Chengching'', also recent products of the Foochow Navy Yard (1878 and 1880), and the 2,630-ton wooden steam frigate ''Yuyuan'', built at the Kiangnan Arsenal in 1873. The fleet was originally to have had the four steel Rendel gunboats, ''Zhendong'', ''Zhenxi'', ''Zhennan'' and ''Zhenbei'', completed in 1879, but Li Hongzhang was so impressed by them that he took them over for the Beiyang Fleet, compensating the Nanyang Fleet with ''Longxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiaozhou Bay
Jiaozhou Bay (; ; ) is a bay located in the prefecture-level city of Qingdao (Tsingtau), Shandong Province, China. The bay has historically been romanized as Kiaochow, Kiauchau or Kiao-Chau in English and Kiautschou in German. Geography and ecology Jiaozhou Bay is a natural inlet of the Yellow Sea, with a depth of and deeper, dredged channels to three major ports around the bay: Qingdao, Huangdao, and Hongdao, all of which are ice-free during winter. The bay is located on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in East China, and separates Huangdao District from Qingdao City and borders on Jiaozhou City. The bay is long and wide with a surface area of , approximately two-thirds the area of 100 years ago. According to official data, the surface area has decreased from in 1928 to by 2003 due to sustained land reclamation activities in recent decades. The marine species have also decreased by two-thirds during the last 50 years due to urban and industrial d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yalu River
The Yalu River () or Amnok River () is a river on the border between China and North Korea. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valley has been the scene of several military conflicts in the past centuries. It borders North Korea to the south and China to the north. Name The Chinese name ''Yalu'' ("duck-green") was first attested during the Tang dynasty. According to the '' Tongdian'' (8th century), the river was named after its color, which resembled that of a mallard's head. The Korean name "Amnok" follows the Sino-Korean reading of the same name. In ancient times, the river was known as ''Peishui'' (''Paesu'', 浿水) or ''Mazishui'' (''Majasu'', 馬訾水). Historically, it was also known by the Korean name of ''Arinarye'' (아리나례강, 阿利那禮江). ''Ari'', a word from Old Korean used to refer to the 'spirituality (신령성; 神靈性) of the sun'. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Naval College, Greenwich
The Royal Naval College, Greenwich, was a Royal Navy training establishment between 1873 and 1998, providing courses for naval officers. It was the home of the Royal Navy's staff college, which provided advanced training for officers. The equivalent in the British Army was the Staff College, Camberley, and the equivalent in the Royal Air Force was the RAF Staff College, Bracknell. History The Royal Naval College, Greenwich, was founded by an Order in Council dated 16 January 1873. The establishment of its officers consisted of a president, who was always a flag officer; a captain, Royal Navy; a director of studies; and professors of mathematics, physical science, chemistry, applied mechanics, and fortification. It was to take in officers who were already sub-lieutenants and to operate as "the university of the Navy". The director of studies, a civilian, was in charge of an academic board, while the captain of the college was a naval officer who acted as chief of staff. The R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foochow Arsenal
The Foochow Arsenal, also known as the Fuzhou or Mawei Arsenal, was one of several shipyards created by the Qing Empire and a flagship project of French assistance to China during the Self-Strengthening Movement. The shipyard was constructed under orders from Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang and was situated in Mawei (, romanized as Mamoi in that period), a port town within the jurisdiction of Fuzhou '' fu'' (then romanized as "Foochow"), which is several miles up the Min River. History Planning for the shipyard, the Fuzhou Naval College and other facilities began in 1866. Construction began in 1867. Two French Naval officers, Prosper Giquel and Paul d'Aiguebelle, both on leave from the French Imperial Navy, were contracted to recruit a staff of about forty European engineers and mechanics, and to oversee the construction of a metal-working forge, the creation of a Western-style naval dockyard, the construction of eleven transports and five gunboats, and the establishment of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Ironclad Zhenyuan
''Zhenyuan'' () was an ironclad warship, ironclad battleship built for the Qing Dynasty, Chinese Beiyang Fleet. She was the second and final member of the , which included one other vessel, , both of which were built in German Empire, Germany in the early 1880s. Delivery of the two ironclads was delayed by the Sino-French War of 1884–1885. The ships were armed with a main battery of four guns in a pair of gun turrets, making them the most powerful warships in East Asian waters at the time. In the 1880s and early 1890s, the Beiyang Fleet conducted a routine of training exercises and cruises abroad, with emphasis placed on visits to Empire of Japan, Japan to intimidate the country. The latter resulted in the Nagasaki Incident in 1886 and contributed to a rise in hostility between the two countries that culminated in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894. She saw action at the Battle of the Yalu River (1894), Battle of the Yalu River on 17 September, where the Japanese Combined Fle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dingyuan-class Ironclad
The ''Dingyuan'' class () consisted of a pair of ironclad warships— and —built for the Imperial Chinese Navy in the 1880s. They were the first ships of that size to be built for the Chinese Navy, having been constructed by AG Vulcan Stettin, Stettiner Vulcan AG in Germany. Originally expected to be a class of 12 ships, before being reduced to three and then two, with having been reduced in size to that of a protected cruiser. Completed in early 1883 and 1884, respectively, ''Dingyuan'' and ''Zhenyuan'' were prevented from sailing to China during the Sino-French War, but first saw combat at the Battle of the Yalu River (1894), Battle of the Yalu River on 17 September 1894, during the First Sino-Japanese War. They were next in combat during the Battle of Weihaiwei in early 1895, where they were blockaded in the harbour. ''Dingyuen'' was struck by a torpedo, and was beached where it continued to operate as a defensive fort. When the fleet was surrendered to the Japanese, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lüshunkou
The Battle of Lüshunkou (; Japanese: ) was a land battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place on 21 November 1894, in Lüshunkou, Manchuria (later called Lüshunkou, Port Arthur, in present-day Liaoning Province, China) between the forces of the Empire of Japan and the Qing dynasty. It is sometimes referred to archaically in western sources as the Battle of Port Arthur (that name is now primarily used for the Battle of Port Arthur, opening battle of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904). Background Following the Battle of Jiuliancheng at the Yalu River, and subsequent minor engagements in the Liaodong Peninsula, the strategic aim of Japan was to seize the heavily-defended and strategically important naval base of Lüshunkou, known in the West as "Port Arthur". This naval station had taken the Qing government sixteen years to build, and was considered superior to Hong Kong in its facilities. Defended by its hilly terrain and strengthened with fortifications and powerful arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Weihaiwei
The Battle of Weihaiwei (Japanese: took place between 20 January and 12 February 1895, during the First Sino-Japanese War in Weihai, Shandong Province, China, between the forces of Japan and Qing China. In early January 1895, the Japanese landed forces in eastern Shandong positioning forces behind the Chinese naval base at Weihaiwei. Through a well-coordinated offensive of both naval and land forces, the Japanese destroyed the forts and sank much of the Chinese fleet. With the Shandong and Liaoning peninsulas under Japanese control, the option for a pincer attack against the Chinese capital, Beijing, was now a possibility. This strategic threat forced the Chinese to sue for peace and led to the war's end in April 1895. Background Following its victory at the Battle of Lushunkou on 21 November 1894, the next strategic objective of the Japanese campaign was to neutralize the Qing naval base at Weihaiwai on Shandong Peninsula. This would give Japan total control over the en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Revenue (imperial China)
The Ministry or Board of Revenue was one of the Six Ministries under the Department of State Affairs in imperial China. Name The term "Ministry" or "Board of Revenue" is an English gloss of the department's purview. It is also similarly translated as the or . In Chinese, the various names of the department never referred to the government's monetary income. Instead, prior to the Sui dynasty, it was known as the ''Dùzhī'' from its role in overseeing government expenses. Under the Sui, it was known as the "Ministry of People" (''Mínbù'') from its role overseeing the census and its associated taxation. From the Tang to the Qing, it was known as the "Households Department" (''Hùbù''), again from its role in overseeing a census reckoned in households and its associated taxation. Administrative level *Tang dynasty & Song dynasty: subordinate to the Department of State Affairs *Yuan dynasty: subordinate to the Secretariat *Ming dynasty: originally subordinate to the Secretari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Admiral Of The Beiyang Fleet
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the maritime environment, where semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equivalent to a brigade in Arab countries. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
