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Battles For Vilnius (1918–1919)
The Battles for Vilnius in 1918–1919 (, ) were a series of battles fought in Vilnius between the pro-Polish Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus (1918), Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus who were initially against the Imperial German Army retreating from the city and the Bolshevik paramilitaries (31 December 1918 – 3 January 1919) and then against the attacking Red Army (4–5 January 1919). The fighting resulted in the temporary capture of most of the city of Vilnius by the Poles, who eventually had to retreat before the Red Army came. Some historians consider this as the beginning of the Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Soviet war. Background In the early 20th century, Vilnius (; ), was a part of the Russian Empire until 1915, when the city came under German occupation after a Vilno-Dvinsk offensive, successful German offensive. In late 1918, German soldiers withdrew from the occupied lands of the former Russian Empire, and their place was taken by the Bolsheviks. At t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,667, and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864. Vilnius is notable for the architecture of its Vilnius Old Town, Old Town, considered one of Europe's largest and best-preserved old towns. The city was declared a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The architectural style known as Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is farthest to the east among Baroque architecture, Baroque cities and the largest such city north of the Alps. The city was noted for its #Demographics, multicultural population during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with contemporary sources comparing it to Babylon. Before World War II and The Holocaust in Lithuania, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Belarusian Regiment
1st Belarusian Regiment (, ), officially First Belarusian Infantry Regiment (), commanded by Alaksandar Ružancoŭ, was a Belarusian unit formed mainly from Grodno's inhabitants in 1919 within the Lithuanian Armed Forces, which also participated in supporting the Act of Independence of Lithuania, Independence of Lithuania during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence, therefore many members of this unit were awarded with the highest state award of Lithuania – Order of the Cross of Vytis. Background Aware of their weakness, Belarusian activists in the area of Ober Ost, German occupation during World War I sought the creation of a federal state, primarily the restoration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in some form, or federation with Lithuania on other terms. These plans were abandoned after the creation of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, Belarusian People's Republic in March 1918, but were revived in November in the face of pressure from the Bolsheviks. On November 27, 6 memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyprian Kandratovich
Kipryian Antonovich Kandratovich (, Kipryjan Kandratovič, ), (April 29, 1859 – October 31, 1932) was an Imperial Russian corps commander and the appointed commander of the armed forces of the short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic. Born in what is now Belarus, he joined the military in 1875 and served in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). He graduated from the General Staff Academy (Imperial Russia), General Staff Academy in 1884. He participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion and protection of the Chinese Eastern Railway in northern China. At the start of the Russo-Japanese War, Kondratovich was tasked with the formation of the 9th East Siberian Brigade. He saw action in the Battle of Te-li-Ssu and Battle of Liaoyang, suffered a severe chest injury, and was promoted to lieutenant general. He served in Russian Turkestan and Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty in 1907–1913. In December 1910, at the age of 51, he was promoted to general of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Mokrzecki
Stefan Mokrzecki of Ostoja coat of arms (1862–1932) was a general in the Russian Army and the Polish Army. During Polish-Soviet War commanded 8 DP and other units. Later member of armed forces of Republic of Central Lithuania. Retired in 1925. He was brother of Adam Mokrzecki that also was a general in Russian army to end as general of Polish army. He was born in Dzitryki, now in Belarus. Recognitions * Krzyż Komandorski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski (2 maja 1923) * Cross of Valour (Poland) (1921) * Cross for duties in favour of Lithuanian Army (1926)Rozporządzenie Ministra Spraw Wojskowych G.M.I.L. 1254 z 1926 r(Dziennik Personalny z 1926 r. Nr 12, s. 70)/ref> * Order of st. George (Russia), Order św. Jerzego 1914 * Order of Sant Anna, 2nd and 3rd class See also * Ostoja coat of arms * Clan of Ostoja The Clan Ostoja (Moscics), Clan of Ostoja (old Polish: ''Ostoya'') was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe. The clan encompassed families i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Army
The Land Forces () are the Army, land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland Partitions of Poland, regained independence following World War I in 1918. History 1918–1938 When Poland History of Poland (1918–1939), regained independence in 1918, it recreated its military which participated in the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921, and in the two smaller conflicts ( Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919) and the Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–1920)). Initially, right after the First World War, Poland had five military districts (1918–1921): * Poznań Military District (Poznański Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Poznań * Kraków Military District (Krakowski ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Military Organisation
The Polish Military Organisation, PMO (, POW) was a secret military organization that was formed during World War I (1914–1918). Józef Piłsudski founded the group in August 1914. It adopted the name ''POW'' in November 1914 and aimed to gather intelligence and to sabotage the enemies of the Polish people. Piłsudski used it to act independently from his cautious Austro-Hungarian supporters, and it became an important, if somewhat lesser known, counterpart to the Polish Legions. Its targets included the Russian Empire in the early phase of the war and the German Empire later. Its membership rose from a few hundred in 1914 to over 30,000 in 1918. History Intelligence and training The Polish Military Organization (PMO) can be traced to formations of August 1914 or even earlier, but it was officially founded in November 1914 as a merger of two previously existing youth para-military organisations: the Polish Rifle Squads and the Riflemen's Association. Active in the Russian-he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Military Poles
Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Union'' (Union album), 1998 * ''Union'' (Chara album), 2007 * ''Union'' (Toni Childs album), 1988 * ''Union'' (Cuff the Duke album), 2012 * ''Union'' (Paradoxical Frog album), 2011 * ''Union'', a 2001 album by Puya * ''Union'', a 2001 album by Rasa * ''Union'' (Son Volt album), 2019 * ''Union'' (The Boxer Rebellion album), 2009 * ''Union'' (Yes album), 1991 * "Union" (Black Eyed Peas song), 2005 Other uses in arts and entertainment * ''Union'' (film), a labor documentary released in 2024 * ''Union'' (Star Wars), a Dark Horse comics limited series * Union, in the fictional Alliance–Union universe of C. J. Cherryh * ''Union (Horse with Two Discs)'', a bronze sculpture by Christopher Le Brun, 1999–2000 * The Union (Marvel Team), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Władysław Wejtko 2
Władysław is a Polish given male name, cognate with Vladislav. The feminine form is Władysława, archaic forms are Włodzisław (male) and Włodzisława (female), and Wladislaw is a variation. These names may refer to: People Mononym *Włodzisław, Duke of Lendians (10th century) *Władysław I Herman (ca. 1044–1102), Duke of Poland *Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159), High Duke of Poland and Duke of Silesia *Władysław III Spindleshanks (1161/67–1231), Duke of Poland *Władysław Opolski (1225/1227-1281/1282), Polish duke *Władysław of Salzburg (1237–1270), Polish Roman Catholic archbishop *Władysław I the Elbow-high (1261–1333), King of Poland *Władysław of Oświęcim (c. 1275–1324), Duke of Oświęcim *Władysław of Bytom (c. 1277–c. 1352), Polish noble *Władysław of Legnica (1296–after 1352), Duke of Legnica *Władysław the Hunchback (c. 1303-c. 1352), Polish prince *Władysław the White (c. 1327–1388), Duke of Gniewkowo *Władysław II of Op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Lithuania
The Government of Lithuania, officially the Government of the Republic of Lithuania (GRL), is the Cabinet (government), cabinet of and exercising executive power in Lithuania. Among other responsibilities, it executes laws and resolutions of the parliament, the Seimas, and the decrees of the President of Lithuania, President, manages state property and, together with the president, executes the foreign policy of the country. The Government also has the right of legislative initiative, puts together the state budget and presents it to the Seimas for approval. The Government consists of the Prime Minister of Lithuania, prime minister, who is the head of government, and 14 minister (government), government ministers. The prime minister is appointed by the president, with the assent of the Seimas. The prime minister then forms the rest of the cabinet, with the assent of the president, and the Government and its programme are subject to approval by the Seimas. The Šimonytė Cabinet, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I. The Second Republic was taken over in 1939, after it was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Polish government-in-exile was established in Paris and later London after the fall of France in 1940. When, after several regional conflicts, most importantly the victorious Polish-Soviet war, the borders of the state were finalized in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline known as the Polish Corridor on either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
