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BMW Z3
The BMW Z3 is a range of two-seater sports cars which was produced from 1995 to 2002. The body styles of the range are: * 2-door roadster (automobile), roadster (E36/7 model code) * 2-door coupé (E36/8 model code) The Z3 was based on the BMW 3 Series Compact, E36/5 compact platform, a shortened version of the conventional E36 platform. This smaller and cheaper platform used the rear trailing-arm suspension, semi-trailing arm suspension design from the older BMW 3 Series (E30), E30 3 Series. It is the first mass-produced BMW Z Series, Z Series car. M models were introduced in 1998 in roadster and coupé body styles and were powered by the BMW M50#S50B32, S50, BMW M52#S52, S52, or BMW M54#S54B32, S54 straight-six engine depending on country and model year. The M models came with a 5-speed manual transmission. The regular Z3s were offered with straight-sixes or four-cylinder engines. Production ended on June 28, 2002, with the Z3 line replaced by the BMW Z4 (E85), E85 Z4. Develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greer, South Carolina
Greer is a city in Greenville County, South Carolina, Greenville and Spartanburg County, South Carolina, Spartanburg counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 35,308, making it the List of municipalities in South Carolina, 14th-most populous city in South Carolina. Greer is included in the Upstate South Carolina#Metropolitan, micropolitan, and combined statistical areas, Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Upstate South Carolina#Metropolitan, micropolitan, and combined statistical areas, Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area in Upstate South Carolina. History Greer was named for James Manning Greer, who was Scotland, Scottish. Many of his descendants still reside in the region. James Manning Greer was a descendant of John Greer Sr., who surveyed his land in Laurens County, South Carolina, Laurens County in 1750. John and his family were alr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Transmission
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canadian English, Canada, British English, the United Kingdom and American English, the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle Transmission (mechanical device), transmission system where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles). Early automobiles used ''sliding-mesh'' manual transmissions with up to three forward gear ratios. Since the 1950s, ''constant-mesh'' manual transmissions have become increasingly commonplace, and the number of forward ratios has increased to 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions for current vehicles. The alternative to a manual transmission is an automatic transmission. Common types of automatic transmissions are the Automatic transmission#Hydraulic automatic transmissions, hydraulic automatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW Z Series
The BMW Z models are a line of roadster (automobile), roadsters manufactured by German automaker BMW. The Z stands for ''Zukunft'' (German language, German for ''future''), and has been produced in four different series with six generations consisting of roadster, coupé, sports car, and concept variants. The introduction of the BMW M Coupé and Roadster, M Coupé and M Roadster in the Z3 line marked the first of the Z series to have a high-performance BMW M variant. The first generation BMW Z4 (E85), Z4 also continued to offer M Coupé and M Roadster variants. The current BMW Z4 (G29), Z4 (G29) uses BMW's (B58B30) inline-six, its platform is the basis for the current Toyota Supra. __TOC__ BMW Z1 (E30 based; 1989–1991) The BMW Z1 is a two-seat roadster developed by BMW and was produced from March 1989 to June 1991. It was based on the E30 3 Series platform. The Z1 featured unusual doors which, instead of opening outward or upward, dropped into the door sills and had body pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 3 Series (E30)
The BMW E30 is the second generation of BMW 3 Series, which was produced from 1982 to 1994 and replaced the BMW 3 Series (E21), E21 3 Series. The model range included 2-door saloon (sometimes referred to as a coupé) and convertible body styles, as well as being the first 3 Series to be produced in 4-door saloon and wagon/estate body styles. It was powered by four-cylinder petrol, six-cylinder petrol and six-cylinder diesel engines, the latter a first for the 3 Series. The E30 325iX model was the first BMW to have all-wheel drive. The first BMW M3 model was built on the E30 platform and was powered by the high-revving BMW S14 four-cylinder petrol engine. The BMW Z1 roadster was also based on the E30 platform. Following the launch of the BMW 3 Series (E36), E36 3 Series in 1990, the E30 began to be phased out. Development Development of the E30 3 Series began in July 1976, with styling being developed under chief designer Claus Luthe with exterior styling led by Boyke Boyer. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trailing-arm Suspension
A trailing-arm suspension, also referred to as trailing-link, is a form of vehicle suspension. In a motor vehicle it places one or more horizontal arms (or "links") perpendicular to and forward of the axle on the chassis or unibody, which are connected to the axle or wheels with pivot joint(s). These are typically used on the rear axle or wheels of vehicles, but also found in both front and main landing gear of aircraft. A "semi trailing-arm" (or semi trailing-link) is a common form of independent rear suspension on automobiles, particularly those with front wheel drive (where it allows a flatter rear floor pan). Leading arms are similar horizontal arms, perpendicular to the axle, but connecting the wheels to the vehicle structure via pivot joints ''to the rear'' of them. These are typically used on the front axle or wheels, as on the Citroën 2CV and its derivatives, and on the Citroën DS, as well as on the M422 Mighty Mite jeep. Types Trailing-arm Trailing-arm des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 3 Series Compact
The BMW 3 Series Compact was a car which was produced from 1994 through 2004 by BMW. It is a 3-door hatchback version of the BMW 3 Series through two generations, for the E36 platform in 1993 and E46 platform in 2001. Unlike most hatchback competitors which were transverse engine front-wheel drive, the 3 Series Compact uses the longitudinal engine rear-wheel drive layout. In 2004, the 3 Series Compact was replaced by the 1 Series which encompassed 3-door and 5-door hatchback, coupé and convertible body styles (the coupé and convertible models have been marketed separately as the 2 Series since 2014) as BMW's entry-level cars; a new nameplate was created since the 1 Series is smaller than the contemporary 3 Series despite sharing mechanical components. The 3 Series GT, introduced in 2013, is not a successor to the 3 Series Compact, despite also using a hatchback rear opening. __TOC__ First generation (E36; 1994) Launched in March 1994, the E36 3 Series Compact (model c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coupé
A coupe or coupé (, ) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors. The term ''coupé'' was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French past participle of , "cut". Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'". __TOC__ Etymology and pronunciation () is based on the past participle of the French verb ("to cut") and thus indicates a car which has been "cut" or made shorter than standard. It was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats. These or ("clipped carriages") were eventually clipping (phonetics), clipped to .. There are two common pronunciations in English: * () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sports Car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as Automobile handling, handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and Auto racing, racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world. Definition Definitions of sports cars often relate to how the car design is optimised for dynamic performance, without any specific minimum requirements; both a Triumph Spitfire and Ferrari 488 Pista can be considered sports cars, despite vastly different levels of performance. Broader definitions of sports cars include cars "in which performance takes precedence over carrying capacity", or that emphasise the "thrill of driving" or are marketed "using the excitement of speed and the glamour of the (race)track" However, other people have more specific definitions, such as "must be a two-seater or a 2+2 seater" or a car with two seats only. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joji Nagashima
Joji Nagashima (born 1955; 永島譲二) is a Japanese automobile designer for BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW (), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works), is a German multinational manufacturer of vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Th .... He is best known for the exterior designs of the E90 versions of the BMW 3 Series, the E39 version of the BMW 5 Series, and the Z3 Roadster. As of November 2007, he held 22 patents in car design. Early life and career Joji Nagashima was born in 1955 in Tokyo, Japan. He attended university in the United States, after which he relocated to Europe. He worked at Opel in Germany and Renault in France, after which he joined BMW in 1988, where he continues to work. He trains and supervises young designers. He designed the BMW Z3. Timeline * 1955 – born in Tokyo * 1978 – ''graduated from Musashino Art University Department of Craft and Indu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW Z4 (E85)
The first generation of the BMW Z4 consists of the BMW E85 (roadster version) and BMW E86 (coupe version) sports cars. The E85/E86 generation was produced from 2002 to 2008. The E85/E86 replaced the BMW Z3, Z3 and is the third model in the BMW Z Series. Initial models were in the roadster (E85) body style, with the coupé (E86) body style being added in 2006. In February 2009, the BMW Z4 (E89) began production as the successor to the E85/E86. As was its Z3 predecessor, the E85/E86 was manufactured in Greer, South Carolina. The BMW M, M model, the Z4 M, is powered by the BMW S54, S54 straight-six engine. Development and launch The E85 was designed by Denmark, Danish BMW-designer Anders Warming from mid-1998 to the summer of 1999. The coupe models were designed by Tomasz Sycha. The E85 designs were frozen on March 1, 2000. The Z4 was introduced at the 2002 Paris Motor Show, Paris Motor Show in 2002, and North American models went on sale in November of the same year (as the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW Z1
The BMW Z1 is the first model in BMW's line of Z series roadsters (two-seater convertibles), and was produced in limited numbers from 1989 to 1991. The Z1 is unique for its plastic body panels and vertically sliding doors which drop into the door sills. It is one of the first BMWs to use a multi-link rear suspension. The sole drivetrain specification is the 2.5-litre straight-six engine and 5-speed manual transmission from the E30 325i. In 1995, the Z1's successor, the mass-produced Z3, began production. Development and launch At the start of 1985, BMW set up a division called BMW Technik GmbH to develop concepts for new vehicles and technologies. The director of BMW Technik GmbH was Ulrich Bez, who oversaw the Z1's development. Control of the project was turned over to Klaus Faust when Bez left BMW in October 1988. The lead designer was Harm Lagaay. In August 1985, the BMW board gave approval to further develop the BMW Technik's first concept vehicle, the Z1. A year l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 5HP Transmission
5HP is ZF Friedrichshafen AG's trademark name for its 5-speed automatic transmission models (5-speed transmission with Hydraulic converter and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. Specifications Final Conventionally Designed Gearbox With planetary gearboxes, the number of gears can be increased conventionally by adding additional gearsets as well as brakes and clutches, or conceptually by switching from serial to parallel power flow. The conceptual way requires a computer-aided design. The 5HP is the last transmission family with serial power flow: to provide more gears, components were added. This makes these transmissions larger, heavier and even more expensive to manufacture. As the presence of 10 main components (together with brakes and clutches) in the Ravigneaux gearbox types shows, this meant the end of the conventional gearbox design. The approach of the all new Lepelletier gear mec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
