|
Autism In China
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder affecting one's social interaction, communication, routine, etc. The disorder is observed across the globe. Autism in China is known as 自闭症 (pinyin: zì bì zhèng, literal translation: "self-enclosure disorder") or 孤独症 (pinyin: gū dú zhèng, literal translation: "lonely disorder") in Chinese. It is also common for autistic individuals to be metaphorically called 来自星星的孩子 (translation: "children coming from the stars"). Current studies show that autism has a prevalence rate of around 1% among the Chinese population. There is evidence, though, that this number may be more significant due to under-diagnosis and general lack of awareness. In China, autism was first recognized as a neurological disability in 2006. The country has passed a number of laws to ensure the state service and inclusion of autistic individuals. Currently, the diagnosis of autism in China adapts several international assessme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autism
Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by differences or difficulties in social communication and interaction, a preference for predictability and routine, sensory processing differences, focused interests, and repetitive behaviors, which may include stimming. Formal diagnosis requires significant challenges in multiple domains of life, with characteristics that are atypical or more pronounced than expected for one's age and sociocultural context.(World Health Organization: International Classification of Diseases version 11 (ICD-11)): https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#437815624 Motor coordination difficulties are common but not required for diagnosis. Autism is a spectrum disorder, resulting in wide variations in presentation and support needs, such as that between speaking and non-speaking populations. Increased estimates of autism prevalence since the 1990s are primarily attributed to broader c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five-year Plans Of China
The Five-Year Plans () are a series of social and economic development initiatives issued by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since 1953 in the People's Republic of China. Since 1949, the CCP has shaped the economy of China, Chinese economy through the Plenum (meeting), plenums of its Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, Central Committee and National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, national party congresses. The plenums follow a customary pattern of themes; since the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, 14th Party Congress (1992–1997), the fifth plenum has evaluated the current five-year plan and outlined the next five-year plan. Economic planning, Planning is a key characteristic of the nominally socialist economies, and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. In order to more accurately reflect China's transition from a Soviet Union, Soviet-style comman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Children Of The Stars
''Children of the Stars'' is a 2007 documentary about children with autism () in the People's Republic of China. It was produced by Alexander Haase and directed by Rob Aspey. The title is an English translation of the expression (), a phrase used in Taiwan to describe autistic children.Beijing Stars and Rain (2007). About Us''. Accessed 9 September 2010. The documentary focuses on the Beijing Stars and Rain Teaching Institute (北京星星雨教育研究所), founded in 1993 by Tian Huiping. In 1992 Tian traveled from Chongqing, Sichuan to Beijing—a distance of 1460 km, or 907 miles—looking for help for her own autistic son but found nothing.Jocelyn, Ed & Wu, Runmei. (2009)To Catch a Falling Star. China Business World. Interview with Tian Huiping. Accessed 9 September 2010. She returned a year later to start the school. Funded solely through charitable donations, the Beijing Stars and Rain School was the first non-governmental educational organization in China dedi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing Normal University
Beijing Normal University (BNU) () is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education of China, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. It is a renowned institution of higher education known for teacher education, education science and basic learning in both the arts and the sciences. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. History Beijing Normal University (BNU) traces its origins to 1902, when the Department of Education of Imperial University of Peking () was established under the decree of the List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, Qing Dynasty Emperor. As the first institution in Chinese history dedicated primarily to teacher training and educational specialization, it laid the foundation for modern higher education in China. In 1908, the school became independent and was renam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One Foundation
The One Foundation (), formally known as the Shenzhen One Foundation Charity Fund (), is a Chinese non-governmental organization which focuses on disaster relief, children's welfare, training of public welfare professionals, and funding grassroots charities. It was registered in 2011 as the first private charitable fundraising organization in China. Its headquarters is in Shenzhen, with offices in Beijing and Shanghai. The foundation's motto is "Charity by All, Doing What I Can" (). As of April 2013, the board of directors consisted of 11 members, in alphabetical order: Feng Lun (), Jet Li (), Liu Chuanzhi (), Pony Ma (), Ma Weihua (), Jack Ma (), Niu Gensheng (), Wang Shi (), Yang Peng (), Zhou Qiren () and Zhou Weiyan (). History Origin The One Foundation was founded by Chinese Red Cross ambassador Jet Li on April 19, 2007, as the Red Cross Society of China Jet Li One Foundation Project () which operated under the Red Cross Society of China. Li stopped his film work t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Applied Behavior Analysis
Applied behavior analysis (ABA), also referred to as behavioral engineering, is a behavior modification system based on the principles of respondent and operant conditioning. ABA is the applied form of behavior analysis; the other two are: radical behaviorism (or the philosophy of the science) and experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental research. The term ''applied behavior analysis'' has replaced behavior modification because the latter approach suggested changing behavior without clarifying the relevant behavior-environment interactions. In contrast, ABA changes behavior by first assessing the functional relationship between a targeted behavior and the environment, a process known as a functional behavior assessment. Further, the approach seeks to develop socially acceptable alternatives for maladaptive behaviors, often through implementing differential reinforcement contingencies. Although ABA is most commonly associated with autism i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asperger Syndrome
Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's syndrome or Asperger's, is a diagnostic label that has historically been used to describe a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. Asperger syndrome has been merged with other conditions into autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is no longer a diagnosis in the WHO's ICD-11 or the APA's DSM-5-TR. It was considered milder than other diagnoses which were merged into ASD due to relatively unimpaired spoken language and intelligence. The syndrome was named in 1976 by English psychiatrist Lorna Wing after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who struggled to form friendships, did not understand others' gestures or feelings, engaged in one-sided conversations about their favorite interests, and were clumsy. In 1990 (coming into e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Infantile Autism
Classic autism—also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, or Kanner's syndrome—is a formerly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests. These symptoms first appear in early childhood and persist throughout life. Classic autism was last recognized as a diagnosis in the DSM-IV and ICD-10, and has been superseded by autism-spectrum disorder in the DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2022). Globally, classic autism was estimated to affect 24.8 million people . Autism is likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with genetic factors thought to heavily predominate. Certain proposed environmental causes of autism have been met with controversy, such as the vaccine hypothesis that, although disproved, has negatively impacted vaccination rates among c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autism Diagnostic Interview-revised
The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is a structured interview conducted with the parents of individuals who have been referred for the evaluation of possible autism or autism spectrum disorders. The interview, used by researchers and clinicians for decades, can be used for diagnostic purposes for anyone with a mental age of at least 24 months and measures behavior in the areas of reciprocal social interaction, communication and language, and patterns of behavior.Le Couteur, A., Lord, C., & Rutter, M. (2003). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Retrieved Mar. 5, 2009, from Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Los Angeles, CA. Web site: http://www.agre.org/program/aboutadi.cfm. The Autism Diagnostic Interview and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule are both considered Gold standard (test), gold standard tests for autism. Structure Useful for diagnosing autism, planning treatment, and distinguishing autism from other developmental disorders. The interview cove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a standardized diagnostic test for assessing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The protocol consists of a series of structured and semi-structured tasks that involve social interaction between the examiner and the person under assessment. The examiner observes and identifies aspects of the subject's behavior, assigns these to predetermined categories, and combines these categorized observations to produce quantitative scores for analysis. Research-determined cut-offs identify the potential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, allowing a standardized assessment of autistic symptoms. The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), a companion instrument, is a structured interview conducted with the parents of the referred individual to cover the subject's full developmental history. The ADI-R has lower sensitivity but similar specificity to the ADOS. The ADI-R and ADOS are both considered gold standard diagnostic tests for aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Checklist For Autism In Toddlers
The Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) is a psychological questionnaire designed to evaluate risk for autism spectrum disorder in children ages 18–24 months. The 14-question test is filled out by the parent and a pediatrician or physician and takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. The CHAT has shown good reliability and validity in assessing child autism risk in recent studies. Some research has identified barriers, such as socioeconomic status and parent education level, to the validation of both the CHAT and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) as a reliable and valid screener for children of all backgrounds. History and development The CHAT was initially developed in the early 1990s to screen for autism in children as young as 18 months. Prior to this point, diagnosis of autism was rare in children younger than 3 years old. Additionally, no specialized screening tool had been developed to detect early signs of autism in young children. This cli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disability In China
Disability in China is common, and according to the United Nations, approximately 83 million people in China are estimated to have a disability. Demographics Of the total number of disabled individuals, men account for 42.77 million (51.55%) and women account for 40.19 million (48.45%), making the gender ratio 106.42 disabled men for every 100 disabled women. Furthermore, 20.71 million (25.96%) individuals of the disabled community reside in urban areas, whereas 62.25 million (75.04%) in rural areas. According to the China Disabled Persons' Federation, approximately 12.33 million (14.86%) people have visual disabilities, 20.04 million (24.16%) have a hearing disability, 1.27 million (1.53%) have a speech disability, 24.12 million (29.07%) have a physical disability, 5.54 million (6.68%) have an intellectual disability, 6.14 million (7.40%) have a developmental disability, and 13.52 million (16.30%) have multiple disabiliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
